Genetic Diversity in Elms: What Molecular Data Tell Us

1993 ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wiegrefe ◽  
R. P. Guries ◽  
E. B. Smalley ◽  
K. J. Sytsma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

Captive management and the maintenance of genetic diversity in a vulnerable marsupial, the greater bilby

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Miller ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Keith Morris ◽  
Neil Thomas ◽  
Catherine A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Captive Breeding Programs

The endemic Australian greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is a vulnerable and iconic species. It has declined significantly due to habitat loss, as well as competition and predation from introduced species. Conservation measures include a National Recovery Plan that incorporates several captive breeding programs. Two of these programs were established within 12 months of one another (1997/98), with the same number and sex ratio of founding individuals, but executed different breeding strategies: (1) unmanipulated mating in semi–free range natural habitat versus (2) minimising mean kinship in large enclosures, with the supplementation of new individuals into both populations. This study evaluates the long-term genetic impact of these programs and examines the congruency between the pedigree studbook estimates of diversity and molecular data. Our data demonstrate that genetic diversity was maintained in both populations, with the supplementation of new individuals contributing to the gene pool. The studbook estimates of diversity and inbreeding are not consistent with the microsatellite data and should not solely be relied upon to evaluate the genetic health of captive populations. Our analyses suggest that captive breeding programs may not require costly and intensive management to effectively maintain long-term genetic diversity in a promiscuous species.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Species of Hypselobarbus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): An Enigmatic Clade Endemic to Aquatic Systems of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3499 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M. ARUNACHALAM ◽  
M. RAJA ◽  
M. MURALIDHARAN ◽  
RICHARD L. MAYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Eleven Species

Very little is known about the diversity and systematics of the genus cypriniform genus Hypselobarbus. Currently, the genusincludes at least eleven species, all endemic to freshwater systems of Peninsular India. While these species are commonlyknown in India and are frequently used as a food source, little is known about the morphological diversity within and betweenspecies and nothing is known regarding intraspecific genetic diversity or species relationships. Herein, we examine the geneticdiversity in the genus for 11 mitochondrial genes for eleven populations representing nine of the known 11 species.Hypselobarbus is resolved as monophyletic, with the inclusion of P. carnaticus, and species relatioships are very stronglysupported. Because of the unambiguous relationships strongly supported B. carnaticus is allocated to Hypselobarbus. Thisresearch and ongoing morphological and molecular work with the genus supports the existence of additional new species inpeninsular India in need of further molecular and morphological study. Genetic diversity in the genus is high; for the twospecies wherein more than one sample, and the two of each are suspected to represent undescribed taxa, these populationsexhibited greater genetic divergence than that observed between any two of the other currently recognized species,corroborating our hypothesis based on morphological evidence. Clearly the genus warrants more thorough geographicsampling and examination of morphological and molecular data/analyses to reveal the natural lineages existing in this endemic and enigmatic genus.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among Brazilian okra landraces detected by morphoagronomic and molecular descriptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43426
Author(s):  
Luana Rainieri Massucato ◽  
Karina Kazue Nakamura ◽  
Paulo Mauricio Ruas ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zefa ◽  
Derly José Henrique da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Breeding Programmes

The conservation of okra landraces [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in gene banks is essential for the success of their use in breeding programmes. This study evaluated the genetic diversity among okra landraces in Brazil based on morphoagronomic descriptors and AFLP markers. We studied 30 accessions of the vegetable gene bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. To this end, 17 morphoagronomic descriptors and five combinations of AFLP primers were used. Genetic parameters were estimated for the quantitative traits and the accessions were grouped by Ward’s method, using the Gower’s and Jaccard’s distance measures, respectively, for the morphoagronomic and molecular data. Polymorphisms were observed for all qualitative traits, while the quantitative traits were significant by deviance analysis. The genetic parameters confirmed the existence of variability among accessions, and high accuracy and heritability indices were found for the traits related to fruit and plant height. Ward’s grouping showed no relationship between the clusters formed with the morphoagronomic and molecular data and the geographical origin of the accessions. No association between morphoagronomic descriptors and AFLP markers was observed. The lack of correlation suggests that both approaches of characterization are important to understand and differentiate the okra accessions.

Microsatellite analysis to rationalize grape germplasm in India and development of a molecular database

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Upadhyay ◽  
Lalitkumar B. Aher ◽  
Manisha P. Shinde ◽  
Kavita Y. Mundankar ◽  
Anuj Datre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Parental Genotype ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
User Friendly

Three hundred and seventeen grape accessions from the National Active Grape Germplasm Site in India were analysed with 25 microsatellite markers. A total of 411 alleles were detected, of which 42% were rare alleles. Unique alleles for 56 genotypes were also identified. The analysis of microsatellite data identified 63 duplicate accessions and only 254 accessions were unique genotypes. Several cases of misnomers, synonymy and homonymy were identified. Parental genotype for a few clonal selections was ascertained. Population structure analysis grouped 254 unique genotypes into four major clusters. The analysis also revealed the presence of admixtures with only 79% of pure ancestry. A core collection comprising 80 genotypes was identified, which represented all the alleles and genetic diversity. A user-friendly and interactive computer application software was developed for storage and the retrieval of molecular data. A molecular database for the 254 genotypes was created. This analysis will help in the rationalization and better management of germplasm. Information on genetic diversity and population structure will form the basis for varietal improvement programmes.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of Portuguese Pinus sylvestris L. populations based on molecular data and inferences about the future use of this germplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (S2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CIPRIANO ◽  
A. CARVALHO ◽  
C. FERNANDES ◽  
M. J. GASPAR ◽  
J. PIRES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in common bean accessions evaluated by means of morpho-agronomical and RAPD data

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Fernando Chiorato ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell ◽  
Luciana Lasry Benchimol ◽  
Marilia Barbosa Chiavegato ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Germplasm banks store genotype samples, improved varieties, landraces and wild species, all generically denominated accessions. The importance of characterizing germplasm banks is based on the identification and knowledge of relevant traits for genetic improvement and ex situ germplasm conservation. Thus, the present study had as aim the evaluation of the genetic diversity among 220 accessions of a Brazilian common bean germplasm bank of the "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC) by means of 23 morpho-agronomical descriptors and 19 RAPD loci. These accessions correspond to genotypes from the Andean and Middle American gene pool as well as from cultivars derived from common bean improvement programs. The Middle American accessions and the improved cultivars were clustered into one group, distinct from the one formed by the Andean accessions. In relation to the molecular data, 47% of the genetic similarity was detected among the Middle American accessions, and similar results were observed for the improved cultivars (50%). The Andean accessions revealed 60% of genetic similarity. The cluster constituted by the improved cultivars and the Middle American genotypes differed, basically, in tegument color. Both molecular and morpho-agronomical data sets were equally effective to quantify and organize the genetic diversity of common bean accessions. This information may be useful to direct crosses and for the proper organization of the IAC germplasm bank.

scholarly journals Sequence Diversity in the Tetraploid Zea perennis and the Closely Related Diploid Z. diploperennis: Insights From Four Nuclear Loci

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tiffin ◽  
Brandon S Gaut
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Polyploidy has been an extremely common phenomenon in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. Despite this there are few data available to evaluate the effects of polyploidy on genetic diversity and to compare the relative effects of drift and selection in polyploids and related diploids. We investigated DNA sequence diversity at four nuclear loci (adh1, glb1, c1, and waxy) from the tetraploid Zea perennis and the closely related diploid Z. diploperennis. Contrary to expectations, we detected no strong evidence for greater genetic diversity in the tetraploid, or for consistent differences in the effects of either drift or selection between the tetraploid and the diploid. Our failure to find greater genetic diversity in Z. perennis may result from its relatively recent origin or demographic factors associated with its origin. In addition to comparing genetic diversity in the two species, we constructed genealogies to infer the evolutionary origin of Z. perennis. Although these genealogies are equivocal regarding the mode of origin, several aspects of these genealogies support an autotetraploid origin. Consistent with previous molecular data the genealogies do not, however, support the division of Zea into two sections, the section Zea and the section Luxuriantes.

scholarly journals Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
FATEMEH AZIMISHAD ◽  
MASOUD SHEIDAI ◽  
SAYED MEHDI TALEBI ◽  
ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Species Relationship

Abstract. Azimishad F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2019. Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1963-1972. Lamium is a widespread and taxonomically complex genus of Lamiaceae which comprises of 16-38 species. This genus is represented in Iran by nine species. In the present study, we used morphological and molecular (ISSR, Cp DNA, and nrITS) data to evaluate species relationships, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the genus. 27 morphological characteristics, including 13 qualitative and 14 quantitative, and ten ISSR markers were used for morphological and genetical evaluation of 73 accessions from eight taxa. In general, species relationships obtained from morphological and molecular data were largely congruent. In the morphological study, characteristics like the life form, leaf shape, absence/existence of bracts and shape of corolla, were distinctive traits and we did not encounter intermediate forms. Our findings indicated a very high efficiency of the ISSR markers in the identification and delimitation of Lamium species. These results confirmed the placement of L. galeobdolon in the genus Lamium and segregation of L. purpureum and L. garganicum in section Lamium. AMOVA analysis revealed that the species of this genus are genetically differentiated. Nm analysis showed very low value of gene flow among the studied species and mantel test indicated isolation by distance occurred among them.

scholarly journals Morphological, Pomological, and Specific Molecular Marker Resources for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fig (Ficus carica L.)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽  
Rehab M. Awad ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Z.M. Salem ◽  
Kamal F. Abdellatif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Young Leaves

Fig (Ficus carica L.) considers the original cultivated fruit trees and currently has become extinct. Such genetic resources should be identified, documented, and conserved. Morphology, pomology, and molecular markers are successful tools in assessing genetic diversity and classifying fig accessions. Twenty-one cultivated fig (F. carica L.) accessions were collected from Egypt and Libya. In Egypt, fig accessions are dispersed from Sinai in the east to El-Saloom in the west and from Alexandria in the north to Aswan in the south, whereas Libyan accessions were collected from Tubryq, Bengazi, and AlKufrah. Seventeen morphological, pomological, and fruit traits were used to characterize the fig accessions. Moreover, frozen young leaves were used to extract genomic DNA; 13 expressed sequence tag (EST) common fig primer pairs with 12 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)-anchored primers were used to detect the genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for fig accessions showed highly significant differences concerning morphological traits, i.e., the leaf length (centimeters) and width (centimeters) ranged from 5.4 and 6 cm to 23 and 23.5 cm, for Komesrey-El-Hammam, Abodey-Giza, and Black_Mission accessions, respectively. Also, fig accessions showed different shapes of leaf edge and fruits; they were categorized into four groups: straight, waved, zigzag, and serrated. The number of leaf lobes data ranged from one lobe for the ‘Green-yellow’, ‘Sultani Red Siwa’, and ‘Sultany Red Amria’ accessions to 10 lobes in the Aswany accession. The two-way hierarchical morphological cluster analysis distributed fig accessions into two main groups. The results detected high genetic diversity for the fig accessions that could be useful in the future breeding programs. Concerning molecular data, the EST markers showed highly polymorphism and informative (r = 0.61; 90.0%), with a total number of identified alleles of 78. We proved that a relatively greater number of alleles per locus characterizes the targeted loci among fig accessions, for which only one and two alleles per locus have been revealed, respectively, although ISSR showed a clear pattern and bands of the primers UBC807, UBC811, UBC812, UBC814, UBC815, UBC817, UBC818, and UBC823. In conclusion, a great range of variability was detected within the fig accessions. This diversification could enrich the genetic base of this genus, and more experiments are needed to reach its full potential.

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