Modelling and analysis of cross—sectional data: a review of univariate generalized linear models

1994 ◽  
pp. 15-62
Author(s):  
Ludwig Fahrmeir ◽  
Gerhard Tutz
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The Relationships Between Serum DHEA-S and AMH Levels in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Li-Te Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a large-scale cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels. The study included a total of 2155 infertile women aged 20 to 46 years who were divided into four quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) based on serum DHEA-S levels. We found that there was a weak positive association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels in infertile women (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum DHEA-S levels positively correlated with serum AMH levels in infertile women (β = 0.103, p < 0.001). Infertile women in the highest DHEA-S quartile category (Q4) showed significantly higher serum AMH levels (p < 0.001) compared with women in the lowest DHEA-S quartile category (Q1). The serum AMH levels significantly increased across increasing DHEA-S quartile categories in infertile women (p = 0.014) using generalized linear models after adjustment for potential confounders. Our data show that serum DHEA-S levels are positively associated with serum AMH levels.

scholarly journals Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Aiping Liu ◽  
Maolin Du ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Wenrui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Northern China ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns and hypertension applying the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-07 (DBI-07).Design:A cross-sectional study on adult nutrition and chronic disease in Inner Mongolia. Dietary data were collected using 24 h recall over three consecutive days and weighing method. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. Generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between DBI-07 and dietary patterns, and between dietary patterns and hypertension.Setting:Inner Mongolia (n 1861).Participants:A representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in Inner Mongolia.Results:Four major dietary patterns were identified: ‘high protein’, ‘traditional northern’, ‘modern’ and ‘condiments’. Generalized linear models showed higher factor scores in the ‘high protein’ pattern were associated with lower DBI-07 (βLBS = −1·993, βHBS = −0·206, βDQD = −2·199; all P < 0·001); the opposite in the ‘condiments’ pattern (βLBS = 0·967, βHBS = 0·751, βDQD = 1·718; all P < 0·001). OR for hypertension in the highest quartile of the ‘high protein’ pattern compared with the lowest was 0·374 (95 % CI 0·244, 0·573; Ptrend < 0·001) in males. OR for hypertension in the ‘condiments’ pattern was 1·663 (95 % CI 1·113, 2·483; Ptrend < 0·001) in males, 1·788 (95 % CI 1·155, 2·766; Ptrend < 0·001) in females.Conclusions:Our findings suggested a higher-quality dietary pattern evaluated by DBI-07 was related to decreased risk for hypertension, whereas a lower-quality dietary pattern was related to increased risk for hypertension in Inner Mongolia.

scholarly journals Relationship among atrial fibrillation, the CHA2DS2-VASc score and ischaemic stroke in patients with coronary artery disease: a propensity score matching study in Hebei, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boqun Shi ◽  
Demin Liu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
Qian Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Recent evidence has shown that the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) is complex and involves other factors in addition to arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among AF, CHA2DS2-VASc score and ischaemic stroke in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Hebei, China. Methods A total of 2,335 patients with CAD from September 2016 to May 2019 at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were included (mean age 62.73 ± 10.35 years, range 26–92 years; 41.58% female). This was a cross-sectional study, and participants were divided into non-stroke (n = 1997) and ischaemic stroke groups (n = 338). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match ischaemic stroke patients with non-stroke patients in a 1:4 ratio. The relationship among AF, the CHA2DS2-VASc score and ischaemic stroke was evaluated using univariable generalized linear models for different sex, age, body mass index (BMI), CAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score subgroups. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationship between AF and ischaemic stroke in the different models. Results Compared with that in the non-stroke group, the prevalence of AF (8.81% vs. 14.20%, P = 0.002) in the ischaemic stroke group was higher. The proportion of patients with ischaemic stroke was significantly different between the AF group and the non-AF group (28.74% vs. 19.04%, P = 0.003). An increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with a gradual increase in the prevalence of AF (P for trend < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the trend towards increased stroke risk in the AF group was consistent across the various subgroups. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that AF was not associated with ischaemic stroke compared with the absence of AF (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.94–2.56, P = 0.087). Conclusion In our cross-sectional study, after adjustment for confounding factors, there was no association between AF and ischaemic stroke. The increased risk of ischaemic stroke associated with AF was attenuated by atherosclerotic factors. Our study supports the current view that enhanced control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with AF is essential.

scholarly journals Análise espacial e perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase como subsídio para identificação de riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais em Rondônia, BR

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Ronconi Borba ◽  
Jéssica Mazutti Penso-Campos ◽  
Marina Schmidt Dalzochio ◽  
Jussara Alves Sommer ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology

A hanseníase é uma doença antiga, e sempre foi estigmatizada devido às sequelas que causam nos portadores, bem como, sua origem socioeconômica e cultural. Dada à complexidade epidemiológica da hanseníase, conhecer a espacialidade da doença e sua relação com fatores sociais, culturais e ambientais pode subsidiar o planejamento de novas ações para políticas públicas de saúde. A partir de técnicas de análise espacial e Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLMs) o objetivo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores e realizar a análise espacial da hanseníase no estado do Rondônia, relacionando com variáveis socioambentais. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, envolvendo os casos de hanseníase, no período de 2017, nos municípios de Rondônia, com dados provenientes do Sistema de Informática em Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS, 2019). No ano de 2017, foram 575 notificações, com 95,3% com 15 anos ou mais, o sexo masculino teve uma prevalência maior com 58,1%. O modo de entrada do paciente no sistema de assistência à saúde foi maior na categoria "caso novo" (81,9%). Entre os 52 municípios de Rondônia, apenas 11,5% (6) municípios não apresentaram casos. A forma Dimorfa foi a mais frequente (59,3% de incidência), com registros em 39 municípios. Os modelos lineares indicaram relação entre as formas da doença e o número de casos com as variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas analisadas: analfabetismo, renda média, destinação sanitária e cobertura da atenção básica em saúde.   Spatial analysis and epidemiological profile of leprosy as a subsidy for identifying socio-environmental risks and vulnerabilities in Rondônia, BR A B S T R A C TLeprosy is an old disease, and has always been stigmatized due to the sequelae it causes to its carriers, as well as its socioeconomic and cultural origin. Given the epidemiological complexity of leprosy, knowing the spatiality of the disease and its relationship with social, cultural and environmental factors can support the planning of new actions for public health policies. Using spatial analysis techniques and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), the objective was to describe the epidemiological profile of patients and to carry out the spatial analysis of leprosy relating to socio-environmental variables in the state of Rondônia. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, involving leprosy cases, in the period of 2017, in the municipalities of Rondônia, with data from the Health Informatics System of the Unified Health System (DATASUS, 2019). In the year 2017, there were 575 notifications, with 95.3% aged 15 years or older, males had a higher prevalence with 58.1%. The mode of entry of the patient into the health care system was higher in the "new case" category (81.9%). Among the 52 municipalities in Rondônia, only 11.5% (6) municipalities did not present any cases. The Dimorfa form was the most frequent (59.3% incidence), with records in 39 municipalities. The generalized linear models indicated a relationship between the forms of the disease and the number of cases with the demographic and socioeconomic variables analyzed: illiteracy, average income, sanitary destination, primary health care.Keywords: Neglected Diseases; Mycobacterium leprae; Public health; Epidemiology.

scholarly journals Smartphone and Tablet Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement in Children under 48 Months in Barcelona (Spain)

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso ◽  
Cristina Lidón-Moyano ◽  
Pia Cassanello ◽  
Ana Díez-Izquierdo ◽  
Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Background: Total lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic might have potentially increased screen time in children. This study aims to describe the smartphone and tablets usage in children under 48 months living in Barcelona during the COVID-19 confinement. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of parents with children under 48 months living in Barcelona (Spain) during COVID-19 confinement (n = 313). We calculated percentages of exposure to smartphones and tablets. Moreover, for those children were exposed, we calculated unadjusted and adjusted Geometric Mean Ratios (GMR) of daily smartphones and tablets usage and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) trough Generalized Linear Models with Gamma family and link log. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: During COVID-19 confinement, 67.5% of children under 48 months were daily exposed to smartphones and tablets. Further, those children who were exposed during meals, as well as before going to bed, spend longer durations using them, aGMR = 2.38 (95% CI 1.73, 3.34) and aGMR = 1.95 (95% CI 1.34, 2.91) respectively. Conclusion: Two out of three children under 48 months living in Barcelona were daily exposed to smartphones and tablets during total lockdown due to COVID-19. Taking this findings into account cohort studies are needed to assess any change in the screen time patterns due to total confinement in order to allow the Government help families, particularly those more vulnerable, in a possible pandemic resurgence.

Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

Economic burden of readmission due to postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in Chinese patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115
Author(s):  
Shuqing Wu ◽  
Xin Cui ◽  
Shaoyu Zhang ◽  
Wenqi Tian ◽  
Jiazhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospitalization Cost

Aim: This real-world data study investigated the economic burden and associated factors of readmissions for cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) post-cranial, transsphenoidal, or spinal index surgeries. Methods: Costs of CSFL readmissions and index hospitalizations during 2014–2018 were collected. Readmission cost was measured as absolute cost and as percentage of index hospitalization cost. Factors associated with readmission cost were explored using generalized linear models. Results: Readmission cost averaged US$2407–6106, 35–94% of index hospitalization cost. Pharmacy costs were the leading contributor. Generalized linear models showed transsphenoidal index surgery and surgical treatment for CSFL were associated with higher readmission costs. Conclusion: CSFL readmissions are a significant economic burden in China. Factors associated with higher readmission cost should be monitored.

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