scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in the Brain: Measuring Global Histone Modifications

2010 ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Rumbaugh ◽  
Courtney A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ganchimeg Davaa ◽  
Jin Young Hong ◽  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Brain

Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.

scholarly journals DNA methylation: dynamic and stable regulation of memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vaissière ◽  
Courtney A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Epigenetic Events

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a central process in learning and memory. Histone modifications and DNA methy­lation are epigenetic events that can mediate gene transcription. Interesting features of these epigenetic changes are their transient and long lasting potential. Recent advances in neuroscience suggest that DNA methylation is both dynamic and stable, mediating the formation and maintenance of memory. In this review, we will further illustrate the recent hypothesis that DNA methylation participates in the transcriptional regulation necessary for memory.

Epigenetic changes in frontal lobe of the brain with pre- and perinatal exposure to flame retardant BDE-47

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5215
Author(s):  
Hyang-Min Byun ◽  
Larissa Takser ◽  
Maria Chiara Frisardi ◽  
Elena Colicino ◽  
Andrea A Baccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Histone modifications in the brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Taniura ◽  
Judy C.G. Sng ◽  
Yukio Yoneda
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Modifications In The Brain ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Assessment of DNA Methylation and Oxidative Changes in the Heart and Brain of Rats Receiving a High-Fat Diet Supplemented with Various Forms of Chromium

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Wojciech Dworzański ◽  
Ewelina Cholewińska ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Listos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to determine how feeding rats a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium affects DNA methylation and oxidation reactions as well as the histology of heart and brain tissue. The rats received standard diet or high-fat diet and chromium at 0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in form of chromium (III) picolinate, chromium (III)-methionine, or nano-sized chromium. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), the level of global DNA methylation and the activity of selected DNA repair enzymes were determined in the blood. In the brain and heart, the content of MDA, PC, 8-OHDG, and levels of global DNA methylation were determined. The brain was subjected to histological examination. The use of a high-fat diet was found to intensify epigenetic changes and oxidation reactions in the heart and brain. It was concluded that epigenetic changes and oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the heart and brain of rats resulting from the use of a high-fat diet cannot be limited by supplementing the diet with chromium. It was established that the use of chromium to supplement a high-fat diet intensifies the negative epigenetic and oxidative changes in the heart and brain, especially in the case of chromium nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The Role of DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Ismael Khouly ◽  
Rosalie Salus Braun ◽  
Michelle Ordway ◽  
Bradley Eric Aouizerat ◽  
Iya Ghassib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Human Adults

Despite a number of reports in the literature on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, a thorough assessment of the published studies is warranted to better comprehend the evidence on the relationship between epigenetic changes and periodontal disease and its treatment. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence for an association between DNA methylation/histone modification and periodontal disease and its treatment in human adults. A systematic search was independently conducted to identify articles meeting the inclusion criteria. DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with periodontal diseases, gene expression, epigenetic changes after periodontal therapy, and the association between epigenetics and clinical parameters were evaluated. Sixteen studies were identified. All included studies examined DNA modifications in relation to periodontitis, and none of the studies examined histone modifications. Substantial variation regarding the reporting of sample sizes and patient characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodology, was found. There was some evidence, albeit inconsistent, for an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease. IL6, IL6R, IFNG, PTGS2, SOCS1, and TNF were identified as candidate genes that have been assessed for DNA methylation in periodontitis. While several included studies found associations between methylation levels and periodontal disease risk, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease/therapy in human adults. Further research must be conducted to identify reproducible epigenetic markers and determine the extent to which DNA methylation can be applied as a clinical biomarker.

scholarly journals Epigenetic regulation of transcriptional plasticity associated with developmental song learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1878) ◽  
pp. 20180160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa K. Kelly ◽  
Somayeh Ahmadiantehrani ◽  
Adam Blattler ◽  
Sarah E. London
Keyword(s):  
Song Learning ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Auditory Forebrain ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Transcriptional Plasticity

Ethologists discovered over 100 years ago that some lifelong behavioural patterns were acquired exclusively during restricted developmental phases called critical periods (CPs). Developmental song learning in zebra finches is one of the most striking examples of a CP for complex learned behaviour. After post-hatch day 65, whether or not a juvenile male can memorize the song of a ‘tutor' depends on his experiences in the month prior. If he experienced a tutor, he can no longer learn, but if he has been isolated from hearing a tutor the learning period is extended. We aimed to identify how tutor experience alters the brain and controls the ability to learn. Epigenetic landscapes are modulated by experience and are able to regulate the transcription of sets of genes, thereby affecting cellular function. Thus, we hypothesized that tutor experiences determine the epigenetic landscape in the auditory forebrain, a region required for tutor song memorization. Using ChIPseq, RNAseq and molecular biology, we provide evidence that naturalistic experiences associated with the ability to learn can induce epigenetic changes, and propose transcriptional plasticity as a mediator of CP learning potential.

scholarly journals Insight from animal models of environmentally driven epigenetic changes in the developing and adult brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1229-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Doherty ◽  
Tania L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe efforts of many neuroscientists are directed toward understanding the appreciable plasticity of the brain and behavior. In recent years, epigenetics has become a core of this focus as a prime mechanistic candidate for behavioral modifications. Animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of environmentally driven changes to the epigenome in the developing and adult brain. This review focuses mainly on such discoveries driven by adverse environments along with their associated behavioral outcomes. While much of the evidence discussed focuses on epigenetics within the central nervous system, several peripheral studies in humans who have experienced significant adversity are also highlighted. As we continue to unravel the link between epigenetics and phenotype, discerning the complexity and specificity of epigenetic changes induced by environments is an important step toward understanding optimal development and how to prevent or ameliorate behavioral deficits bred by disruptive environments.

Environmental enrichment during early rearing provokes epigenetic changes in the brain of a salmonid fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 100838
Author(s):  
Stefan Reiser ◽  
Dominique Marie Pohlmann ◽  
Tina Blancke ◽  
Udo Koops ◽  
Jochen Trautner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Early Rearing

scholarly journals Increases in Bdnf DNA Methylation in the Prefrontal Cortex Following Aversive Caregiving Are Reflected in Blood Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah B. D. Duffy ◽  
Tania L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Child maltreatment not only leads to epigenetic changes, but also increases the risk of related behavioral deficits and mental disorders. These issues presumably are most closely associated with epigenetic changes in the brain, but epigenetic changes in peripheral tissues like blood are often examined instead, due to their accessibility. As such, the reliability of using the peripheral epigenome as a proxy for that of the brain is imperative. Previously, our lab has found aberrant methylation at the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene in the prefrontal cortex of rats following aversive caregiving. The current study examined whether aversive caregiving alters Bdnf DNA methylation in the blood compared to the prefrontal cortex. It was revealed that DNA methylation associated with adversity increased in both tissues, but this methylation was not correlated between tissues. These findings indicate that group trends in Bdnf methylation between blood and the brain are comparable, but variation exists among individual subjects.

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