Isotopically Nonstationary MFA (INST-MFA) of Autotrophic Metabolism

2013 ◽  
pp. 181-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara J. Jazmin ◽  
John P. O’Grady ◽  
Fangfang Ma ◽  
Doug K. Allen ◽  
John A. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autotrophic Metabolism

scholarly journals Ideas and perspectives: Development of nascent autotrophic carbon fixation systems in various redox conditions of the fluid degassing on early Earth

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Marakushev ◽  
Ol'ga V. Belonogova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
System Model ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Hydrothermal Environments

Abstract. The origin and development of the primary autotrophic metabolism on early Earth were influenced by the two main regimes of degassing of the Earth – reducing (predominance CH4) and oxidative (CO2). Among the existing theories of the autotrophic origin of life in hydrothermal environments, CO2 is usually considered to be the carbon source for nascent autotrophic metabolism. However, the ancestral carbon used in metabolism may have been derived from CH4 if the outflow of magma fluid to the surface of the Earth consisted mainly of methane. In such an environment, the primary autotrophic metabolic systems had to be methanotrophic. Due to the absence of molecular oxygen in the Archean conditions, this metabolism would have been anaerobic; i.e., oxidation of methane must be realized by inorganic high-potential electron acceptors. In light of the primacy and prevalence of CH4-dependent metabolism in hydrothermal systems of the ancient Earth, we propose a model of carbon fixation where the methane is fixed or transformed in a sequence of reactions in an autocatalytic methane–fumarate cycle. Nitrogen oxides are thermodynamically the most favorable among possible oxidants of methane; however, even the activity of oxygen created by mineral buffers of iron in hydrothermal conditions is sufficient for methanotrophic acetogenesis. The hydrothermal system model is considered in the form of a phase diagram, which demonstrates the area of redox and P and T conditions favorable for the development of the primary methanotrophic metabolism.

scholarly journals Defining Genomic and Predicted Metabolic Features of the Acetobacterium Genus

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Ross ◽  
Christopher W. Marshall ◽  
Djuna Gulliver ◽  
Harold D. May ◽  
R. Sean Norman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Global Carbon

Acetogens are anaerobic bacteria capable of fixing CO2 or CO to produce acetyl-CoA and ultimately acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). This autotrophic metabolism plays a major role in the global carbon cycle and, if harnessed, can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the data presented here provide a framework for examining the ecology and evolution of the Acetobacterium genus and highlight the potential of these species as a source for production of fuels and chemicals from CO2 feedstocks.

scholarly journals Extreme droughts drive tropical semi-arid eutrophic reservoirs towards CO2 sub-saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurandir Rodrigues de Mendonça Júnior ◽  
André Megali Amado ◽  
Luciana de Oliveira Vidal ◽  
Arthur Mattos ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the carbon dioxide (CO2) dynamics in tropical semi-arid reservoirs during a prolonged drought period as well as to test if the trophic state affects the CO2 saturation. Methods This study was performed in four reservoirs located in the tropical semi-arid region in the northeast of Brazil. All samplings were performed between 9 and 12 am using a Van Dorn Bottle. Samples for partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) measurements were taken in the sub-surface as well as samples for total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Correlation analysis and linear regression were used to detect relations among the calculated pCO2, water volume and chlorophyll-a. Results The water level reduction due to atypical droughts caused chlorophyll-a concentrations to increase, which in turn, led to CO2 reduction in the water. However, CO2 concentrations were very variable and an alternation between CO2 sub-saturation and super-saturation conditions was observed. This paper showed that water volume and chlorophyll-a were important regulators of CO2 in the water, as well as important carbon balance predictors in the tropical semiarid reservoirs. Conclusions The results of this paper indicate that the eutrophication allied to drastic water level reductions lead to a tendency of autotrophic metabolism of these systems.

scholarly journals Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2

1979 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. KELLY ◽  
A. P. WOOD ◽  
J. C. GOTTSCHAL ◽  
J. G. KUENEN
Keyword(s):  
Autotrophic Metabolism

Solved upscaling problems for implementing deammonification of rejection water

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Mean

So far, extremely efficient metabolic pathways for nitrogen removal exclusively by autotrophic organisms are well established in scientific literature but not in practice. This paper presents results from the successful implementation of rejection water deammonification in a full-scale single sludge system at the WWTP Strass, Austria. Anaerobic ammonia oxidising biomass has been accumulated during a 2.5 year start-up period when the reactor size was gradually scaled up in the steps. The pH-controlled deammonification system (DEMON) has reached a design capacity of eliminating approximately 300 kg of nitrogen per day. Energy savings outperform expectations, decreasing the mean specific demand for compressed air from 109 m3(kg N)−1 to 29 m3(kg N)−1. Dominance of autotrophic metabolism is confirmed by organic effluent loads topping influent loads.

scholarly journals Abiotic sugar synthesis from CO2 electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cestellos-Blanco ◽  
Sheena Louisia ◽  
Michael Ross ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Tyler Detomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Product Complexity ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Co2 Valorization

CO2 valorization is aimed at converting waste CO2 to value-added products. While steady progress has been achieved through diverse catalytic strategies, including CO2 electrosynthesis, CO2 thermocatalysis, and biological CO2 fixation, each of these approaches have distinct limitations. Inorganic catalysts only enable synthesis beyond C2 and C3 products with poor selectivity and with a high energy requirement. Meanwhile, although biological organisms can selectively produce complex products from CO2, their slow autotrophic metabolism limits their industrial feasibility. Here, we present an abiotic approach leveraging electrochemical and thermochemical catalysis to complete the conversion of CO2 to life-sustaining carbohydrate sugars akin to photosynthesis. CO2 was electrochemically converted to glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde using copper nanoparticles and boron-doped diamond cathodes, respectively. CO2-derived glycolaldehyde then served as the key autocatalyst for the formose reaction, where glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde combined in the presence of an alkaline earth metal catalyst to form a variety of C4 - C8 sugars, including glucose. In turn, these sugars were used as a feedstock for fast-growing and genetically modifiable Escherichia coli. Altogether, we have assembled a platform that pushes the boundaries of product complexity achievable from CO2 conversion while demonstrating CO2 integration into life-sustaining sugars.

scholarly journals Xanthobacter flavus employs a single triosephosphate isomerase for heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism

Microbiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1925-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Meijer ◽  
P. de Boer ◽  
G. van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Xanthobacter Flavus ◽  
Autotrophic Metabolism
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