Abiotic sugar synthesis from CO2 electrolysis

CO2 valorization is aimed at converting waste CO2 to value-added products. While steady progress has been achieved through diverse catalytic strategies, including CO2 electrosynthesis, CO2 thermocatalysis, and biological CO2 fixation, each of these approaches have distinct limitations. Inorganic catalysts only enable synthesis beyond C2 and C3 products with poor selectivity and with a high energy requirement. Meanwhile, although biological organisms can selectively produce complex products from CO2, their slow autotrophic metabolism limits their industrial feasibility. Here, we present an abiotic approach leveraging electrochemical and thermochemical catalysis to complete the conversion of CO2 to life-sustaining carbohydrate sugars akin to photosynthesis. CO2 was electrochemically converted to glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde using copper nanoparticles and boron-doped diamond cathodes, respectively. CO2-derived glycolaldehyde then served as the key autocatalyst for the formose reaction, where glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde combined in the presence of an alkaline earth metal catalyst to form a variety of C4 - C8 sugars, including glucose. In turn, these sugars were used as a feedstock for fast-growing and genetically modifiable Escherichia coli. Altogether, we have assembled a platform that pushes the boundaries of product complexity achievable from CO2 conversion while demonstrating CO2 integration into life-sustaining sugars.

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Boron-Doped Diamond Powders for Aqueous Supercapacitors with High Energy and High Power Density

Journal of The Electrochemical Society ◽

10.1149/2.0381908jes ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 166 (8) ◽

pp. A1425-A1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Takeshi Kondo ◽

Tsuyoshi Kato ◽

Kenjo Miyashita ◽

Tatsuo Aikawa ◽

Toshifumi Tojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Density ◽

High Power ◽

High Energy ◽

High Power Density ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Boron Doped ◽

Diamond Powders

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Boron-doped diamond synthesized at high-pressure and high-temperature with metal catalyst

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids ◽

10.1016/j.jpcs.2016.11.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 224-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fedor M. Shakhov ◽

Andrey M. Abyzov ◽

Sergey V. Kidalov ◽

Andrei A. Krasilin ◽

Erkki Lähderanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Temperature ◽

Metal Catalyst ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Boron Doped

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Boron-doped Nanodiamond as an Electrode Material for Aqueous Electric Double-layer Capacitors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54197-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kenjo Miyashita ◽

Takeshi Kondo ◽

Seiya Sugai ◽

Takahiro Tei ◽

Masahiro Nishikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Double Layer ◽

Electrode Material ◽

Electric Double Layer ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Cell Voltage ◽

High Energy ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Boron Doped ◽

Power Densities

AbstractHerein, a conductive boron-doped nanodiamond (BDND) particle is prepared as an electrode material for an aqueous electric double-layer capacitor with high power and energy densities. The BDND is obtained by depositing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) on a nanodiamond particle substrate with a primary particle size of 4.7 nm via microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition, followed by heat treatment in air. The BDND comprises BDD and sp2 carbon components, and exhibits a conductivity above 10−2 S cm−1 and a specific surface area of 650 m2 g−1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements recorded in 1 M H2SO4 at a BDND electrode in a two-electrode system shows a capacitance of 15.1 F g−1 and a wide potential window (cell voltage) of 1.8 V, which is much larger than that obtained at an activated carbon electrode, i.e., 0.8 V. Furthermore, the cell voltage of the BDND electrode reaches 2.8 V when using saturated NaClO4 as electrolyte. The energy and power densities per unit weight of the BDND for charging–discharging in 1 M H2SO4 at the BDND electrode cell are 10 Wh kg−1 and 104 W kg−1, respectively, and the energy and power densities per unit volume of the BDND layer are 3–4 mWh cm−3 and 10 W cm−3, respectively. Therefore, the BDND is a promising candidate for the development of a compact aqueous EDLC device with high energy and power densities.

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Competition between electrochemical advanced oxidation and electrochemical hypochlorination of acetaminophen at boron-doped diamond and ruthenium dioxide based anodes

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v10-017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 418-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jordache Boudreau ◽

Dorin Bejan ◽

Nigel J. Bunce

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Water Oxidation ◽

Advanced Oxidation Process ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Direct Electron Transfer ◽

Advanced Oxidation ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Potential Range ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Boron Doped

This work was undertaken to distinguish four pathways for the electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen as a model organic substrate: (i) direct electron transfer from the substrate to the anode, (ii) reaction of the substrate with HO• at boron-doped diamond anodes, (iii) non-radical (two-electron) oxidation of the substrate at Ti/RuO2 anodes, and (iv) electrochemical hypochlorination if Cl– is present. Pathway (i) was isolated as a slow reaction when boron-doped diamond (BDD) was used as the anode in the range of water stability, whereas in the corresponding reaction with Ti/RuO2 only pathway (iii) could be detected. Pathway (ii) predominated for BDD in the potential range of water oxidation, and was the only mechanism leading to mineralization of the substrate. Comparison between chemical hypochlorination and electrochemical oxidation at Ti/RuO2 in the presence of chloride ion indicated that the latter process principally involves mediated hypochlorination. Oxidation at boron-doped diamond anodes in the presence of chloride was the most complex mechanistically, with competition between hypochlorination and the electrochemical “advanced oxidation process”; this led to the formation of chlorinated byproducts. The observation of mineralization under these conditions demonstrated cross-over between reaction pathways (ii) and (iv), even though hypochlorination appeared to be the initial pathway for loss of acetaminophen. The presence of chloride ion did not significantly retard mineralization of acetaminophen in the initial stages of oxidation, but significantly increased the energy requirement for complete mineralization. The results are discussed in the context of the use of electrochemical oxidation in waste management.

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Evaluation of the Methane Production Potential of Catfish Processing Wastewater Using Various Anaerobic Digestion Strategies

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7060368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Mark E. Zappi ◽

Dhan Lord Fortela ◽

Wayne Sharp ◽

Rakesh Bajpai ◽

Daniel Gang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Value Added ◽

High Energy ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Simultaneous Treatment

The U.S. catfish industry is a major industry that has been declining over the years due to imports competition and growing operational costs. Catfish processing wastewater management and high energy requirement put a large financial burden on catfish processing facilities. Recovered protein-based solids have provided some value-added co-products, however, more co-products are needed to offset processing costs. Anaerobic digestion is a proven waste treatment method that produces methane, which is an energetic co-product that can be used within the processing facilities. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of anaerobic digestion as an alternative to the currently used aerobic biotreatment of catfish processing wastewater. Initial assessments indicated the recalcitrance of the full-strength wastewater to anaerobic digestion, yielding only ~4 m3 per ton (U.S.) of input chemical oxygen demand (CODinput). Thus, several strategies were evaluated to improve the methane yield from the wastewater. These strategies include nutrient (nitrogen and sulfur) amendment, along with ozone, HCl, and NaOH pretreatment. The results showed that nutrient amendment was the most suitable strategy for improving the digestibility of the catfish processing wastewater. A methane yield of 121–236 m3/ton (U.S.) CODinput was obtained, with a purity of 67–80 vol.%. These results are similar to yields and purities of biogas from other feedstock, such as food waste, wastewater solids, and fish canning wastewater. This indicates that anaerobic digestion could be a viable alternative for simultaneous treatment and energetic co-product generation from catfish processing wastewater.

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Atomic and Electronic Structure of Boron-Doped Diamond Grain Boundaries Studied by Arhvtem and ab-Initio Calculation

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-764-c3.9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 764 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Togawa ◽

Hideki Ichinose

Keyword(s):

Ab Initio ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Ab Initio Calculation ◽

Structure Model ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Boron Doped ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diamond Grain ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Atomic And Electronic Structure

AbstractAtomic resolution high-voltage transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy were performed on grain boundaries of boron-doped diamond, cooperated with the ab-initio calculation. Segregated boron in the {112}∑3 boundary was caught by the EELS spectra. The change in atomic structure of the segregated boundary was successfully observed from the image by ARHVTEM. Based on the ARHVTEM image, a segregted structure model was proposed.

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DICLOFENAC REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY ELECTROOXIDATION AT BORON-DOPED DIAMOND (BDD) ELECTRODE

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2015.145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1339-1345

Author(s):

Monica Ihos ◽

Florica Manea ◽

Maria Jitaru ◽

Corneliu Bogatu ◽

Rodica Pode

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Bdd Electrode ◽

Boron Doped

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Deposition of Boron-Doped Thin CVD Diamond Films from Methane-Triethyl Borate-Hydrogen Gas Mixture

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8060666 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 666 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikolay Ivanovich Polushin ◽

Alexander Ivanovich Laptev ◽

Boris Vladimirovich Spitsyn ◽

Alexander Evgenievich Alexenko ◽

Alexander Mihailovich Polyansky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Film Growth ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Diamond Growth ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Diamond Deposition ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Surface Etching ◽

Boron Doped

Boron-doped diamond is a promising semiconductor material that can be used as a sensor and in power electronics. Currently, researchers have obtained thin boron-doped diamond layers due to low film growth rates (2–10 μm/h), with polycrystalline diamond growth on the front and edge planes of thicker crystals, inhomogeneous properties in the growing crystal’s volume, and the presence of different structural defects. One way to reduce structural imperfection is the specification of optimal synthesis conditions, as well as surface etching, to remove diamond polycrystals. Etching can be carried out using various gas compositions, but this operation is conducted with the interruption of the diamond deposition process; therefore, inhomogeneity in the diamond structure appears. The solution to this problem is etching in the process of diamond deposition. To realize this in the present work, we used triethyl borate as a boron-containing substance in the process of boron-doped diamond chemical vapor deposition. Due to the oxygen atoms in the triethyl borate molecule, it became possible to carry out an experiment on simultaneous boron-doped diamond deposition and growing surface etching without the requirement of process interruption for other operations. As a result of the experiments, we obtain highly boron-doped monocrystalline diamond layers with a thickness of about 8 μm and a boron content of 2.9%. Defects in the form of diamond polycrystals were not detected on the surface and around the periphery of the plate.

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