Basic Income, Demographic Structure and the Size of the State

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Burkhard Wehner
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Demographic Structure

scholarly journals Unconditional Basic Income as an Instrument of State Social Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Vlad Stokolos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Problems

Annotation. Introduction. The article considers the concept of unconditional basic income in the study of social policy as a state instrument of universal social justice. Considerable attention paid to the prospects for the introduction of unconditional basic income and the implementation of its basic principles into Ukrainian legislation. Various approaches of legal regulations and etymology of social policy in the context of the state security system are considered. Significant emphasis placed on the study of the theoretical challenge of unconditional basic income, namely the study of the functioning of such a mechanism in modern communicative realities. This research is a product of analytics and was created without taking into account the author’s political ideas. Given the recommended amount of research, the issues of unconditional basic income was considered not to be completed. Purpose. One of the main tasks of the article is to study the mechanism of functioning of unconditional basic income and the possibility of its application in practice. It is also worth giving your own view of the social policy problems. The tasks of the article are to analyze the modern social security system and to suggest options for its improvement. Results. The theory of unconditional basic income currently has no practical application. Despite a significant number of theoretical experiments, no country in the world uses the instrument of unconditional basic income at the legislative level. Therefore, it is too early to talk about the implementation of this theory of social policy in practice in Ukraine. Conclusions. Theory of unconditional basic income has a strong intellectual tradition, but the practical application of this instrument of social policy not implemented. Our studies show that such a system promotes the development of human capital and increases the geographical mobility of people. Unconditional basic income creates material support that promotes human development in other spheres of life. However, it was noted that conducting such a social policy requires significant expenditures from the state budget. This creates material barriers for some countries to use unconditional basic income as a tool of social policy. Keywords: unconditional basic income; social policy; state institutions; legal system.

Basic Income as a Human Right?

2019 ◽  
pp. 541-552
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hemel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter suggests a human rights–based justification for national basic income schemes, contrasting it with justifications based on welfarist principles or notions of entitlement to a share of the global commons. Starting from the premise that a state is a collective enterprise that generates a surplus, it contends that any human being who is an “obedient” member of that state has a right to some share of the surplus. That right—which arises from the relationship between the individual and the state, and is independent of need—could justify the entitlement to a basic income. Such income should be provided in cash, not in kind, because the latter risks depriving the individual of the enjoyment of his share of the surplus—in effect, forcing him to forfeit or transfer it to others if he does not use the public goods or services provided by the state.

7. Basic Income and Distributive Justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
William Abel ◽  
Elizabeth Kahn ◽  
Tom Parr ◽  
Andrew Walton
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Democratic Equality

This chapter defends basic income. This policy requires the state to make regular cash payments to each member of society, irrespective of their other income or wealth, or willingness to find employment. It starts by describing three effects of basic income. The first is that it will raise the incomes of the least advantaged. The second is that it will protect against the threats of exploitation and abuse. The third is that it will remove one obstacle to finding employment. The chapter then explains the significance of these effects by drawing on ideas about distributive justice, emphasizing the relevance of John Rawls’s justice as fairness and Elizabeth Anderson’s democratic equality. It also considers the claim that basic income should be rejected because it would require the state to interfere with the lives of those who would be taxed to fund it, arguing that it is a mistake to oppose taxation in such a wholesale way. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the economic sustainability of basic income.

scholarly journals Kobieta kryzysem brzemienna. Sytuacja kobiet na i poza rynkiem pracy w dobie kryzysu demograficznego.

2018 ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Margareta Wysocka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Economic Considerations

The article refers to the problem of demographic crisis, a frequent topic of public debates in European Union countries, which struggle with the phenomenon of ageing society. The main goal of the research part is analyze selected factors connected with the demographic stagnation (regression), that have an impact on mothers’ activity (or lack of activity) on the labour market. The article is a starting point for the analysis of guaranteed basic income for women working as housewives (those who claim: ‘I want to have children’ but, as a result of economic considerations intertwined with the problem of social security, later state ‘I have to work’), as potential social policy’s instrument which can be applied for the purpose of changing the unfavorable demographic structure.

No Malibu Surfer Left Behind: Three Tales About Market Coercion

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsbjørn Melkevik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT:This article examines the question of private coercion in market societies, arguing for an unconditional basic income guarantee from a classical liberal viewpoint. It proposes three main arguments. First, classical liberals view the purpose of government to be the reduction of coercion, both public and private. Second, a proper understanding of the nature of coercion indicates that parties subject to certain types of hardship are being coerced. Third, where the total amount of coercion is reduced by eliminating the hardship, the classical liberal state must do so as to fulfill its purpose. Hence, this article argues that if the total amount of coercion in society can be reduced by the state employing the amount of coercion necessary to maintain an unconditional basic income guarantee, then the classical liberal state is obligated to maintain such a guarantee by its underlying justification.

scholarly journals Full Employment, Unconditional Basic Income and the Keynesian Critique of Rentier Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
Demand Pull ◽  
Employer Of Last Resort

AbstractThis paper compares and contrasts the basic income proposal with the alternative policy proposal of the state acting as employer of last resort. Two versions of the UBI proposal are distinguished: one is hard to differentiate from expanded welfare state provision. Van Parijs’s proposal is radical enough to qualify as major egalitarian revision to capitalism. However, while it removes from a capitalist class the power to determine the terms on which others labour, it leaves this class in place and able to exert other powers that distort the macro-economy. These include pecuniary emulation, demand pull inflation, and political resistance to full employment so that the rentier class does not have to contend with entrepreneurs *and* the working class over the distribution of the productive surplus. The state as employer of last resort proposal addresses these deeper issues while also claiming that inflationary pressure will undermine the UBI alternative.

scholarly journals Universal Basic Income and the Problem of Information Asymmetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tax Deduction

This article focuses on economic analysis of the concept of universal basic income. This social assistance scheme is regarded as an alternative to traditional targeted, means-tested, social benefits. The paper elaborates on what distinguishes universal basic income from other forms of social benefits, and analyzes some of the most widespread arguments in its favor. A hypothetical implementation of basic income could not only generate social and economic gains, but would also inevitably be associated with certain costs. In particular, given that for some individuals with medium and high incomes basic income payments would in essence be a tax deduction, taxes would need to be raised in order to balance out the state budget. This would lead to additional administration costs. As demonstrated in the article, they should be interpreted as costs of reduction of information asymmetry, which inevitably arises in the relation between the state and recipients of social assistance. It is shown that the economic side of a number of key arguments for basic income boils down to the latter making it possible to reduce information asymmetry. These arguments include the assertions that universal basic income would make the welfare system simpler and more manageable, eliminate poverty traps and expand the freedom of choice among social benefit recipients. The information asymmetry approach is applied to the analysis of preliminary results of the basic income experiment conducted in Finland in 2017–2018. The paper provides evidence that basic income is only one of the many possible approaches to reducing information asymmetry in welfare systems.

scholarly journals Modeling the effect of paying basic income to unemployed citizens of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
V. N. Bobkov ◽  
I. B. Kolmakov ◽  
E. V. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Expert Model ◽  
Start Up ◽  
State Employment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transitional Forms

The substantiation of the mechanism of payment of temporary basic income for unemployed Russian citizens registered with the state employment service is proposed. The introduction of this mechanism is considered as a possible experiment for testing transitional forms of universal basic income in the Russian Federation. The modeling was carried out using the R1-4 simulation expert model of GDP reproduction of the Russian economy, which is adapted to assess the effect and costs of the proposed hypothetical “Conditional Basic Income (CBI) Program”. The functioning of the CBI Program after one-time start-up costs for its launch is ensured in the future by the annual multiplicative increase in the consolidated budget income of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Mortality in Belarus During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Anatoly G. Zlotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The author analyzes the influence of demographic factors on the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The basis of the analysis is the use of the Big Data methodology. The influence and consequences of urbanization, migration, demographic structure, and information sources on the state and prospects of mortality are considered. The article provides an analysis of the state of mortality processes in the Republic of Belarus for the period 1990-2019, and shows the influence of the coronavirus pandemic on the state of mortality processes and demographic losses in the Republic of Belarus in 2020. The association of the spread of COVID-19, migration and its consequences with the process of urbanization and the growth of agglomerations is revealed. The article formulates the position on the dominance of various types of migration in the spread of viral diseases. Various types of international migration are the carriers of the covid pandemic. The article describes the relationship of the Belarusian labor migration to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Within the country, the carriers of the virus and the magnitude of the incidence are associated with the pendulum and, above all, with labor migration. The article presents comparable information on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Belarus in comparison with the countries bordering it – Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. The article substantiates the position on the influence of changes in the age structure of the population on the dynamics of total mortality. The influence of the coronavirus pandemic on the structure of causes of death was studied. The obvious and latent consequences of the coronavirus pandemic on demographic processes and their underlying factors are revealed. The conclusion is made about the trends and the state of total mortality in Belarus in the future.

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