Effect of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on Marmatite Dissolution in the Presence of Cupric Ions

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Meng ◽  
Hongbo Zhao ◽  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Xin Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration

scholarly journals Release of reducing sugars from water hyacinth by thermochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Guzmán-Pérez ◽  
◽  
Oscar J. Salinas-Luna ◽  
Ernesto Favela-Torres ◽  
Nohemi López-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermochemical Pretreatment

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a pernicious herb in many parts of the world due to its rapid growth. However, for its high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, it could be considered as raw material to produce fermentable sugars. In this work, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration by thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of sugars from water hyacinth was evaluated. Initially, the effect of the sulfuric acid concentration from 1.5 to 9% at 120 ºC was evaluated. With 1.5%, the release of reducing sugars was 160 milligrams of reducing sugars per gram of dry matter (mg red-sug/g dm). After the thermochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic hydrolysis with the cellulase complex (NS22086) allowed obtaining a reducing sugars concentration up to 317 mg red-sug/g dm. These thermochemical and enzymatic approaches to recover reducing sugars from water hyacinth is promising and should be evaluated for bioprocess using reducing sugars as the main source of carbon, such as bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Initial Investigation into the Leaching of Manganese from Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Foundry Slag—Part I

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Toro ◽  
Nelson Herrera ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Cynthia Torres ◽  
Rossana Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Optimization Methodology

In this study, the surface optimization methodology was used to assess the effect of three independent variables—time, particle size and sulfuric acid concentration—on Mn extraction from marine nodules during leaching with H2SO4 in the presence of foundry slag. The effect of the MnO2/Fe ratio and particle size (MnO2) was also investigated. The maximum Mn extraction rate was obtained when a MnO2 to Fe molar ratio of 0.5, 1 M of H2SO4, −320 + 400 Tyler mesh (−47 + 38 μm) nodule particle size and a leaching time of 30 min were used.

Reduction-Roast Leaching of Low-Grade Pyrolusite Using Bagasse as a Reducing Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Fei Long ◽  
Jing Su ◽  
Xian Jia Ye ◽  
Hai Feng Su ◽  
Yan Xuan Wen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Roasting Temperature

Bagasse, a fibrous residue from sugarcane juice extraction, was used as a reducing agent to roast low-grade pyrolusite in N2. The roasted ore was further leached using sulfuric acid, to convert manganese oxide in the ore to manganese sulfate. The effects of weight ratio of bagasse to manganese ore, roasting temperature, roasting time, leaching temperature, leaching time, stirring speed and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching recovery of manganese were investigated. Optimal conditions were determined to be a bagasse to manganese ore weight ratio of 0.8:10, roasting temperature of 500°C for 40 min, leaching stirring speed of 100 rpm, sulfuric acid concentration of 3 mol•L-1 and leaching temperature of 50°C for 40 min. The leaching recovery rate of manganese was up to 97.8% at the optimal conditions.

scholarly journals Aerosol Surface Area Concentration: a Governing Factor for New Particle Formation in Beijing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlong Cai ◽  
Dongsen Yang ◽  
Yueyun Fu ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
New Particle Formation

Abstract. The predominating role of aerosol Fuchs surface area, AFuchs, in determining the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) events in Beijing was elucidated in this study. Analysis was based on a field campaign from March 12th to April 6th, 2016, in Beijing, during which aerosol size distributions down to ~ 1 nm and sulfuric acid concentration were simultaneously monitored. The 26 days were classified into 11 typical NPF days, 2 undefined days, and 13 non-event days. A dimensionless factor, LΓ, characterizing the relative ratio of the coagulation scavenging rate over the condensational growth rate and predicting whether or not a NPF event would occur (Kuang et al., 2010), was applied. The three parameters determining LΓ are sulfuric acid concentration, the growth enhancement factor characterizing contribution of other gaseous precursors to particle growth, Γ, and AFuchs. Different from other atmospheric environment such as in Boulder and Hyytiälä, the variations of daily maximum sulfuric acid concentration and Γ in Beijing are in a narrow range with geometric standard deviations of 1.40 and 1.31, respectively. Positive correlation was found between estimated new particle formation rate, J1.5, and sulfuric acid concentration with a mean fitted exponent of 2.4. However, sulfuric acid concentration on NPF days is not significantly higher than that on non-event days. Instead, AFuchs varies greatly among days in Beijing with a geometric standard deviation of 2.56, while it is relatively stable at other locations such as Tecamac, Atlanta, and Boulder. Good correlation was found between AFuchs and LΓ in Beijing (R2 = 0.88). It appears that the abundance of gaseous precursors such as sulfuric acid in Beijing is high enough to have nucleation, however, it is AFuchs that determines the occurrence of NPF event in Beijing. 10 in 11 NPF events occurred when AFuchs is smaller than 200 μm2/cm3, and the NPF event was suppressed due to coagulation scavenging when AFuchs is larger than 200 μm2/cm3. Measured AFuchs is in good correlation with PM2.5 mass concentration (R2 = 0.85) since AFuchs in Beijing is mainly determined by particles in the size range of 50–500 nm that also contribute to PM2.5 mass concentration.

scholarly journals Wastewater Minimization in Indirect Electrochemical Synthesis of Phenylacetaldehyde

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirong Sun ◽  
Xiang Hu ◽  
Ding Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Current Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Current Efficiency

Wastewater minimization in phenylacetaldehyde production by using indirect electrochemical oxidation of phenylethane instead of the seriously polluting traditional chemical process is described in this paper. Results show that high current efficiency of Mn(III) and high yield of phenylacetaldehyde can be obtained at the same sulfuric acid concentration (60%). The electrolytic mediator can be recycled and there will be no waste discharged.

Study on Leaching Zinc Calcine with High Iron

2013 ◽  
Vol 826 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Jin Lin Yang ◽  
Hong Mei Zhang ◽  
Xiu Juan Su ◽  
Shao Jian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Iron Extraction ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

In recent years, recovering zinc from zinc calcine with high iron has been a matter of discussion. In this paper, sulfuric acid leaching was carried out to assess the effect of several parameters on zinc and iron extraction in zinc calcine with high iron in which the grade of zinc and iron is 53.90% and 19.38%, respectively. Parameters, such as stirring speed, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio and leaching time, were investigated. The results show that leaching time has done nothing to the leaching rate, but has great influence on leaching efficiency. Liquid to solid ratio and sulfuric acid concentration have significant influence on leaching results, and stirring rate has not obvious influence on leaching results. Under the condition of 120g/L sulfuric acid, 6:1 liquid to solid ratio, 55°C leaching temperature and 120min leaching time, the recovery of zinc and iron is 82.24% and 9.64%, respectively. It is obvious that ZnO in zinc calcine is easy to dissolve in acidity solution, which shown in two aspects: high leaching rate and high leaching speed. ZnO can be dissolved entirely in sufficient sulfuric acid in 10min.

Effect of Reaction Parameters on the Production of Ethyl Levulinate from Glucose in Ethanol

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chang ◽  
Xiao Xian Jiang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Initial Glucose Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Higher Temperature

In order to explore the forming rules of ethyl levulinate from glucose in ethanol, several reaction parameters including the initial glucose concentration (10~30 g/L), sulfuric acid concentration (0.1~2 wt%), temperature (170~200 °C) and water addition were investigate, respectively. In addition, effect of the acid concentration on ethanol conversion was also studied. The results show that lower initial glucose concentration is helpful to improve the ethyl levulinate yield, and higher acid concentration can improve the conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate, which also can improve the condensation of the ethanol. However, higher temperature is unfavorable for the increase of ethyl levulinate yield, and the ethyl levulinate decreased significantly with the increase of water addition.

scholarly journals Homogenous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water at close to atmospherically relevant conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5277-5287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brus ◽  
K. Neitola ◽  
A.-P. Hyvärinen ◽  
T. Petäjä ◽  
J. Vanhanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Flow Tube ◽  
Particle Counter

Abstract. In this study the homogeneous nucleation rates in the system of sulfuric acid and water were measured by using a flow tube technique. The goal was to directly compare particle formation rates obtained from atmospheric measurements with nucleation rates of freshly nucleated particles measured with particle size magnifier (PSM) which has detection efficiency of unity for particles having mobility diameter of 1.5 nm. The gas phase sulfuric acid concentration in this study was measured with the chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS), commonly used in field measurements. The wall losses of sulfuric acid were estimated from measured concentration profiles along the flow tube. The initial concentrations of sulfuric acid estimated from loss measurements ranged from 108 to 3 × 109 molecules cm−3. The nucleation rates obtained in this study cover about three orders of magnitude from 10−1 to 102 cm−3 s−1 for commercial ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) TSI model 3025A and from 101 to 104 cm−3 s−1 for PSM. The nucleation rates and the slopes (dlnJ/dln [H2SO4]) show satisfactory agreement when compared to empirical kinetic and activation models and the latest atmospheric nucleation data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental work providing temperature dependent nucleation rate measurements using a high efficiency particle counter with a cut-off-size of 1.5 nm together with direct measurements of gas phase sulfuric acid concentration.

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