scholarly journals Changing Productive Structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-194
Author(s):  
Jakkie Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Datasets

AbstractIn this chapter, Cilliers offers various explanations for Africa’s lack of sustained, structural economic transformation from low-value economic activities towards high-value services and manufacturing, and explores the challenges associated with the continent failing to industrialise. He offers historical context for how this situation emerged, drawing from global datasets such as trade data from the UN Conference on Trade and Development. The chapter then proceeds to look to the future of industrialisation in Africa in the context of technology-driven changes to the manufacturing sector globally via the fourth industrial revolution, which could offer the continent opportunities to gain a foothold in global value chains. The latter portion of the chapter models key interventions in a Made in Africa scenario, and examines its economic impact to 2040.

scholarly journals The Conceptual Principles of Tax Planning of Enterprises in the Context of Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Y. I. Hlushchenko ◽  
◽  
O. O. Korohodova ◽  
T. Y. Moiseienko ◽  
N. O. Chernenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The authors disclose the essence of tax planning for domestic enterprises in the conditions of development of the economy in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Foreign experience as to approaches to interpretation of the phenomenon of «tax planning» is studied. It is substantiated that the existing modern approaches to the definition of the term of «tax planning» should be divided by the characteristics of purpose and subordination. The work contains a further elaboration of conceptual-categorical apparatus of taxation theory by closer defining of «tax planning», where, contrary to existing developments, it is proposed to assess the impact of elements of the current tax system on the efficiency of financial-economic activities of enterprises. A theoretical analysis of modern trends of tax planning is carried out and it is determined that the existing conditions of operation of enterprises are such phenomena as: digitalization of economic processes, robotization of business processes, influence of other factors of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and growth of uncertainty and level of risks for economic entities. According to the results of the research, it is defined that all these phenomena will affect the process of taxation of enterprises at the micro level due to the acceleration of data processing processes and changes in tax planning objects. The article explains the directions of further research on this topic, namely, the development of an economic-mathematical model of the influence of elements of the tax system in the context of the trends of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which becomes relevant in modern conditions of tax planning.

Fourth Industrial Revolution Skillsets and Employability Readiness for Future Job

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Waliu Mulero Adegbite ◽  
Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
World Economic

This paper explores the employees' readiness in the manufacturing sector for the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) vis a vis the 10 critical skill-sets identified by the World Economic Forum (WEF). We took a critical review of relevant theories and highlighted pragmatic solutions. Data collection for this study was obtained through a questionnaire among the employees of a brewing production plant in Nigeria. Using the 5-point Likert scale, 231 copies of the questionnaire were administered to workers on site. The study results are reported using a sample t-test to represent the values of Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Cronbach Alpha to test for the instrument's internal consistency. The analysis results revealed that most skillsets that require continuous career and employability in the 4IR are seen as low among the sampled organization employees, with an average mean score of less than 3.41. Interestingly, service orientation and people management skills are ranked the highest readily available skill among the workers. Many studies look at graduate work readiness, while attention to current employees' context is just beginning to gain traction.

scholarly journals Typology and Unified Model of the Sharing Economy in Open Innovation Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeji Kim ◽  
Minhwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Information Materials

The sharing economy is emerging as one of the hottest issues of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The ownership paradigm was dominant during the First and Second Industrial Revolutions, so the formation of the sharing economy was almost non-existent, but it has grown to 5% of the global GDP during the Third Industrial Revolution as the sharing paradigm became prominent. It is expected that the scale of the sharing economy will reach up to 50% of the global economy by 2025 as the online to offline convergence (O2O) phenomenon (GE, 2012). The sharing economy is generally considered complex, diverse, and simply chaotic territory due to its various meanings or types despite its importance. In short, there is a great need to do more research to develop a unified model of the sharing economy. Our study defines sharing economy as “an activity where economic agents share economic objects together to create values”. The KCERN Sharing Economy Cube Model presented in the study is a unified model where the subjects of sharing—supply, market platform, demand, etc.—share the objects of sharing—information, materials, relations, etc.—in order to engage in economic activities, both for profit and nonprofit, to create values. The model reflects all these activities and encompasses all the other definitions of the sharing economy. This study aims to systematically draw a roadmap for the national sharing economy in the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution era based on the integrative sharing platform economy model.

scholarly journals The Fintech Based Entrepreneurs' Intention: A Significant Entrepreneurial Alertness towards Entrepreneurs‟ Intention in Financial Services Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 598-607
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Catalytic Role ◽  
Transformative Impact

The technology transformative impact on financial services has been signalled and has been cited as major catalyst in what economist are citing as Fourth Industrial Revolution. The financial services, a vital catalytic role in facilitating the economic transformation and growth of Malaysian economic has been enriched by financial transformation. Fintech is the prominent example of financial transformation and innovative solutions for financial services to stay ahead along with Fourth Industrial Revolution. The generation of the ideas behind this transformation and innovation are an outcome from ideas and intention of individuals. Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) form the attention, experience and action toward an idea to become manifest. The Fintech “ideas” may not become reality without Fintech based entrepreneurs’ EI. The intentionality concept has been constantly debated by modern theorist, addressing the important aspects of intention to sustain value or effort despite of interruptions. However, the state of Malaysian Entrepreneurial Intention has devoted to the increasing studies on Entrepreneurial Intention among Malaysian while the Malaysian EI is among the lowest within Asia & Oceania Efficiency-driven economies. Hence, this study combines retrospection of critical realism with a single case study to provide deep description on question studied

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS AND SHIFTING OF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
FThilanka Baratha Dewanarayana ◽  
Wijitapure Wimalaratana
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Product Identity ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Industrial revolutions marked rapid structural transformation in the manufacturing sector making changes to production processors and products while reshaping the lifestyle across the world. Industrial revolutions redefined the product identity of every individual economy with the changes of specializations acquired through different manufacturing sectors. Similarly, new sets of countries emerged as industrial input providers as well as output buyers. At the same time, the world specialization in the manufacturing sector diversified along with the expansion of global value chains. As a result, the final product is assembled in one location while a multitude of components is produced globally by different countries. The intention of the article is to examine the shift of global competitiveness throughout the last two decades with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolutionary implications especially among Developed Economies and Newly Industrial Economies. The international competitiveness of a country is mainly decided by the relative cost of production. The relative cost is again decided by the productivity, availability of quality resources including labor, cost of doing business, favourable macroeconomic factors, and institutional factors. The main objective of this study is to focus the attention on the reshaping of the global competitiveness map along the timeline as a result of technological spikes known as industrial revolutions paying special attention to the fourth industrial revolution. The secondary sources are tapped for the necessary information and mixed-method is applied to analyze the gathered data. The implications of the fourth industrial revolution show the reshaping of the global competitiveness landscape faster than the previous industrial revolutions. Countries with more commercialized innovations, intellectual property rights, and adopting key technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, the internet of things, cloud computing, 3D printing, and simulations in production are at the forefront of the competitiveness in the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Az ipari forradalmak és az infokommunikációs fejlődés földrajzi összefüggései a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Local Levels

Several industrial revolutions have occurred historically that can be considered important milestones in the history of mankind. Each of them has brought about enormous social and economic changes and their feats of engineering have also considerably contributed to the development of telecommunications. Based on the international literature, the main aim of this study is to demonstrate the connection between industrial revolutions and the development of telecommunication in a historical context. The article also attempts to reveal some geographical aspects of this relationship, focusing on the third and fourth industrial revolutions when the development of telecommunications accelerated as well. Different research has proven that info-communication has had a great impact on economic development as well as on location choice, employment, and regional development. However, the geographical consequences of the fourth industrial revolution in particular cannot be seen clearly yet, as spatial changes require more time, but in the future they can be very significant on both global and local levels.

scholarly journals Addressing the Impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution on South African Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11703
Author(s):  
John Mugambwa Serumaga-Zake ◽  
John Andrew van der Poll
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) may fundamentally alter, not only the way people work but also, how Small and Medium (SME) manufacturing businesses operate. In the manufacturing sector, the 4IR may change the design; manufacturing; operations; services, products, and production systems; connectivity; and the interaction among parts, machines, and people. While the 4IR technologies may have many benefits, owing to innovation and technological progress, the manufacturing SMEs require their challenges to be addressed before they may benefit from 4IR technologies. To the best of the knowledge of the researchers, there is no conceptual 4IR manufacturing framework, specifically for a developing economy, which is necessary for addressing these challenges and the opportunities promised by the new industry. This research, therefore, intends to fill this gap by developing a conceptual 4IR framework to assist South African manufacturing SMEs in addressing some of these challenges. Following a comprehensive literature review, components of the 4IR and challenges in the manufacturing industry are elucidated, aimed at defining a set of qualitative propositions as our instrument to develop a conceptual framework for embedding 4IR technologies and opportunities in the manufacturing industry. Further aspects of the framework enable businesses to gain a competitive advantage and sustainable business performance. Future work in this area will validate the framework among stakeholders in the manufacturing industry within the context of a developing economy.

South Korea’s Economy in 2019/20: Slow Recovery, Growing Social Expenditure and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Tomoo KIKUCHI ◽  
Seung-Hwan JEONG ◽  
Gun-Woo LEE
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

South Korea’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth was projected to recover to 2.3% in 2020 from 2.0% in 2019, aided by the recovery in the price of semiconductors. The manufacturing sector is South Korea’s most important sector for the highly export-dependent economy. China remains the top trading partner, but Vietnam has rapidly risen to become the third-largest export and the seventh-largest import market. South Korea plans to be ahead in the fourth industrial revolution by investing in data technologies, artificial intelligence and bio-health. The challenge is to manage both its industrial transition and social welfare expenditure while the young population continues to decline.

scholarly journals Law and Information Technology Transformation of Public Relations Under Industry 4.0 Conditions

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnessa Inshakova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

Under the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution the objectively developing processes in the economy should receive adequate legal support, not only taking into account the potential positive results, but also able to identify and neutralize the possible negative impact and consequences of accelerated transformation. This circumstance has given rise to the integrated relationship of the project with one of the fundamental areas of modern jurisprudence – the study of the economy digital algorithmization as the main part of the architecture of the fourth industrial revolution, combined with the identification of patterns, trends and prospects of the information society development from the perspectives of different branches of law providing effective functioning of the statutory concepts, security and methods of protection of participants in new social relations. The characteristic features inherent in all technologies of industry 4.0, without exception, determine their complex impact on modern social development, which, of course, should be accompanied by the formation of new social institutions and regulatory mechanisms that ensure them. In the dynamics of public relations development in industry 4.0, the emergence of various failures of different nature and character is inevitable, which, in turn, can adversely affect the rights and obligations of entities whose economic activities are directly related to the technologies of industry 4.0. In this regard, the next issue of the journal “Legal Concept = Legal paradigm” is aimed at solving the problem of improving the foundations of legal regulation of economic entities’ activity in the period of neo-industrialization. The emergence of new social relations, which by their nature inevitably give rise to conflicts, also needs fundamentally new approaches to their settlement, in particular, through the creation of ways to protect the rights of subjects based on the technologies of industry 4.0. At the same time, in order to prevent possible conflicts and violations of the rights of economic entities, it is necessary to create the appropriate preventive legal mechanisms. This project aims to eliminate the existing loopholes, both in the legal regulation and in the theoretical and legal understanding of the transformation processes of public relations in the conditions of the technological revolution and industry 4.0. The problem to be solved by the project is of complex cross-sectoral nature within the legal sciences, which has led to the determination and identification of potential risks for economic entities involved in the implementation and use of industry 4.0 technologies from the perspective of different branches of law. A comprehensive cross-sectoral approach has allowed to analyze the legal development specifics in the conditions of industry 4.0 and to identify positive and negative factors of the fourth industrial revolution, affecting the modernization of preventive mechanisms and legal remedies of economic entities in the new economic conditions, to identify legal ways and means of this modernization and formulate specific proposals to improve the current legislation.

scholarly journals Fourth Industrial Revolution and Future of Work in Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
Falendra Kumar Sudan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has significant implications on the future of work and skills required in the gig economy. In the recent past, a large supply of young workers had led to rapid economic transformation in many Asian countries through well-suited education systems to create skills needed for employment. However, the old model of education and production will no longer sustain rapid growth in the decades ahead due to the rapidly changing demand for skills. Against the above backdrop, the paper has analyzed Asian experiences in technological transition, skills mismatches and labour market outcomes in the context of existing technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems. What are the challenges and opportunities of the 4IR for skill development through TVET in Asia? The paper has suggested a model for 4IR compatible skill development for the future of the work and draws the implications for the future. 4IR induced massive job losses calls for adequate skills development or retraining of displaced workforce and new entrants in foundational skills to enable them to tap the opportunities of new technologies. This requires robust TVET systems to equip workers with new skills for emerging jobs, which can be possible by increasing the quality of program structure to meet the needs of labour market. The technical training should be integrated into with the secondary education through education reforms to impart skills to thrive in the knowledge economy. The system of quality apprenticeships should be evolved with the active collaboration of potential employers in the curriculum development of TVET programs.

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