scholarly journals Safety Versus Security in Aviation

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Heinz Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Unlawful Interference ◽  
Failure Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Treat All

Abstract The two domains safety and security have traditionally been kept separated in aviation. While the first treats risks associated with aviation activities, the latter safeguards civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. While national and international guidelines exist in addressing the installation of risk management for organizations having hazardous operations in aviation, an appropriate application of established assessment techniques, both quantitative and qualitative are crucial to both domains. For an incorrect hazard identification and the quantification of an adverse outcome may strongly affect both the level of protection and the investments required to reach it. The empirical example and data shown stem from safety risk assessments in HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service) flight operations. These flight operations use advanced instrument flight procedures in obstacle rich environments under low visibility conditions and are therefore a safety concern on the one hand. On the other hand, one analyzes security, whenever HEMS flights are operated in adverse weather conditions, having as a sole navigation source signals from a global navigation satellite constellation. A traditional safety risk assessment (Wipf in Aviation risk and safety management, Springer, p 108, 1) under these circumstances, considers only factors of human performance under technical failure conditions. A security analysis, however, should treat all forms of jamming, meaconing, and spoofing of the satellite signals and the adverse impact on the performance of the receiver to calculate a valid position. The chapter illustrates to which extent commonalities reign in both domains and where practices go separate ways.

Breeding ecology of the fairy martin

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. L. Magrath
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Colony Site ◽  
The One

The breeding biology of the fairy martin, Hirundo ariel, was studied over three years (1992–95) in the Yarra Valley, Victoria. Adult males and females in this population were morphologically similar, though only females acquired a brood patch during the breeding season. Colonies ranged in size from 8 to 29 nests. Birds arrived in the study area in September and usually commenced laying in October, though nesting activities were generally asynchronous both between and within colonies. Most colonies contained active nests until February. At least 16% of adults and 5% of fledglings, on average, returned to the study area in the following year. Returning adults generally nested at the same colony site as the previous year, while most first-year birds nested at sites other than their natal colony. Adult males were more likely to return than adult females. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5, with a mean of 3.5, and declined over the season. The incubation period varied from 12 to 18 days with a mean of 13.7. A mean of 1.8 chicks fledged per completed clutch, while 60% of clutches produced at least one chick. The period from hatching to fledging varied from 17 to 32 days, with a mean of 22.1, and increased with brood size. Fledging success was highest during the middle of the breeding season. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in the abandonment of clutch and brood, were the most common cause of nest failure, and on several occasions also resulted in adult mortality. Almost half the breeding females produced at least two clutches in the one season. Pairs produced from 0 to 8 fledglings per season, with those that commenced nesting earlier in the season having higher annual productivity. These results are discussed in relation to the breeding ecology of other members of the Hirundinidae.

Flight Operations Safety Management

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Marker
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Flight Operations

Enhancing Safety Risk Management with Quantitative Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2603 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Claros ◽  
Carlos Sun ◽  
Praveen Edara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Multinomial Distribution ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
Runway Incursion

At the airfield in hub airports, many activities occur that involve a range of participants, including various-size aircraft, ground vehicles, and workers. The safety management system is FAA's approach for systematically managing aviation safety. A major component of the safety management system is safety risk management (SRM), which entails analysis, assessment, and control of safety risks, including risks on the airfield. Current SRM has few specific safety models to estimate the likelihood or frequency of risks. This paper presents an example for development and incorporation of safety models into SRM. Specifically, it discusses safety models for runway incursion that use the following variables: total and general aviation operations, length of runway by type, number of taxiway intersections, snowfall, precipitation, number of hot spots, and construction activity. Categorization and processing of data were significant because each variable used could take on multiple forms, and some types of data involved review of airfield diagrams. The data used were from 137 U.S. hub airports for 2009 through 2014. For modeling, the negative multinomial distribution was used because it proved suitable for representing overdispersed data such as runway incursion frequency. Performance of the models was assessed through the goodness-of-fit measures of log likelihood, overdispersion, and cumulative residual plots. Models were developed for five severity categories of runway incursions and three types of surface events. The safety modeling approach presented here can serve as a foundation for development of other safety models that can be integrated into SRM to enable quantitative analysis of safety risks.

scholarly journals Fuzzy-Bayesian-network-based Safety Risk Analysis in Railway Passenger Transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongye Sun ◽  
Yuanhua Jia ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Huanan Li ◽  
Liping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Railway Passenger

This study presents a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) method to analyze the influence on the safety risk of railway passenger transport applying different risk control strategies. Based on the fuzzy probability of the basic event determined by the expert group decision method, the proposed FBN method can reasonably predict the probability of railway passenger safety risk. It is also proven that control the risk in the safety management of railway passenger transport will be the most effective way to reduce the risk probability of the railway passenger transport safety.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of methods to identify road sections with high accidents risk: a case study of E67 Estonia–Latvia–Lithuania corridor

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Maria Pashkevich ◽  
Anton Pashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

E67 road is a strategically important part of a North Sea – Baltic Core Network Corridor, connecting the three Baltic States with Finland, on the one hand, and with North Eastern Poland, on the other. So-called Via Baltica corridor services more than 30 000 vehicles per day being one of the major arteries for transit and heavy good vehicles transport in the region. Annually around 8 000 road accidents with casualties occur in the three Baltic States with more than 500 fatalities a year. Relatively high road safety risk exposure requires more efficient management of infrastructure safety issues. The three Baltic States use either black spot management (BSM) or network safety management (NSM) or a combination of these two approaches to treat dangerous road sections of the network. In this article three methodologies used in the Baltic countries for dangerous road sections and spots identification were described. Quantitative analysis of dangerous sections/spots identified by the three methodologies was performed for the whole Via Baltica corridor to reveal the differences between the methods used.

Effective engagement on process safety fundamentals in challenging times

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Olivia K. Cary ◽  
Nick Netscher
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Operations And Maintenance

Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd (EAPL) and BHP Billiton Petroleum (Bass Strait) Pty Ltd own a range of offshore and onshore hydrocarbon production facilities, which have been operated by EAPL for over 50 years. Over this time, EAPL has lived a rich history of process safety experiences, and developed a range of processes and systems to manage process safety risks. Despite technical system refinement and advances across industry we continue to experience process safety events, and manage risks with plant both at the start and end of its lifecycle. Many of our major hazards are inherent to our operations, and do not become lower risk with lower product price or field activity levels. It is therefore critical that we maintain a laser focus on managing process safety risks during this time of unprecedented change, and find impactful opportunities to engage with operations, maintenance and technical teams on their role in process safety. To this end, EAPL have commenced a journey of scenario based process safety management and applying it to our most significant risks. The outcome has been a step change in process safety literacy across our business, an increased awareness of safe operating conditions and a workforce engaged in managing safeguard health. This study shares how a scenario based approach can leverage a traditional safety case and safety management system approach and make process safety personal: Simplifying communication of higher risks and the equipment and processes that keep us safe Clarifying safeguard ownership and responsibilities for safeguard health management Embedding safeguard health management in routine operations and maintenance tasks Strengthening critical safeguards which mostly depend on human performance to be effective

Human Performance

2014 ◽  
pp. 267-273
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks into horizontal issues in ICT advances and discusses how the factor of human performance could help in increasing the impact of eAccessibility and assistive technologies in the future. More specifically, it revisits some of the ideas presented in earlier chapters looking at them from a different angle. The one of maximizing the audience and target group for assistive technologies through the increase in human performance, issues related with exoskeletons for working environments and dual use of assistive technology, sports as a motivator, aesthetics and fashion of prosthetics are discussed from this same perspective. Human performance could be a critical factor for the future of assistive technologies, and today's people with disabilities could become tomorrow's people with super-abilities and leaders in human performance issues.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Current Situation of Local Government Food Safety Supervision in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Sheng Jiawei ◽  
Ma Ying ◽  
Hu Yueqing ◽  
Liu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
The Status ◽  
Food Safety Risk

Food safety incidents happened frequently in recent years, which not only affects people’s health and life, but also hinders the economy development and social stability. Problems of government supervision, ineffective law enforcement and so on also are some of the main causes of food safety concern. Using the method of empirical research, field visits, questionnaire investigation and literature research, this article researches the status of local government food safety risk monitoring in our country, points out the problems and deficiencies, and analyze the reasons of problems, in order to explore the reasonable and effective ways to solve the problem of food safety risk monitoring under the actual situation of the local government.

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