scholarly journals AI, Robotics, and Humanity: Opportunities, Risks, and Implications for Ethics and Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Joachim von Braun ◽  
Margaret S. Archer ◽  
Gregory M. Reichberg ◽  
Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo
Keyword(s):  
Poor People ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Militarized Conflicts ◽  
Work Education ◽  
And Robotics

AbstractThis introduction to the volume gives an overview of foundational issues in AI and robotics, looking into AI’s computational basis, brain–AI comparisons, and conflicting positions on AI and consciousness. AI and robotics are changing the future of society in areas such as work, education, industry, farming, and mobility, as well as services like banking. Another important concern addressed in this volume are the impacts of AI and robotics on poor people and on inequality. These implications are being reviewed, including how to respond to challenges and how to build on the opportunities afforded by AI and robotics. An important area of new risks is robotics and AI implications for militarized conflicts. Throughout this introductory chapter and in the volume, AI/robot-human interactions, as well as the ethical and religious implications, are considered. Approaches for fruitfully managing the coexistence of humans and robots are evaluated. New forms of regulating AI and robotics are called for which serve the public good but also ensure proper data protection and personal privacy.

DID PUBLIC CASH TRANSFER CROWD OUT INTER-HOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS IN INDONESIA? EVIDENCE FROM "BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI /BLT"

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Corry Wulandari ◽  
Nadezhda Baryshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Government

In 2005 the Government of Indonesia introduced an unconditional cash transfer program called the ‘Bantuan Langsung Tunai’ (BLT), aimed at assisting poor people who were suffering from the removal of a fuel subsidy. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of a public transfer system can negatively affect inter-household transfers through the crowding-out effect, which exists when donor households reduce the amount of their transfers in line with public transfers received from the government. The poor may not therefore have received any meaningful impact from the public cash transfer, as they potentially receive fewer transfers from inter-household private donors. For the government to design a public transfer system, it is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of private transfer behaviour. Hence, this study evaluates whether there exists a crowding-out effect of public transfers on inter-household transfers in Indonesia.Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) and by applying Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches, this study found that the likelihood to receive transfers from other family members (non-co-resident) reduces when the household receives BLT. However, there is no significant impact of BLT on transfers from parents and friends.

scholarly journals On Professors and Poor People—A Jurisprudential Memoir

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-543
Author(s):  
Robert E. Rodes
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Preferential Option ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Security Deposits

But let the brother of low degree glory in his high estate: and the rich, in that he is made low.—James 1:9-10I am starting this paper after looking at the latest of a series of e-mails regarding people who cannot scrape up the security deposits required by the local gas company to turn their heat back on. They keep shivering in the corners of their bedrooms or burning their houses down with defective space heaters. The public agency that is supposed to relieve the poor refuses to pay security deposits, and the private charities that pay deposits are out of money. A bill that might improve matters has passed one House of the Legislature, and is about to die in a committee of the other House. I have a card on my desk from a former student I ran into the other day. She works in the field of utility regulation, and has promised to send me more e-mails on the subject. I also have a pile of student papers on whether a lawyer can encourage a client illegally in the country to marry her boyfriend in order not to be deported.What I am trying to do with all this material is exercise a preferential option for the poor. I am working at it in a large, comfortable chair in a large, comfortable office filled with large, comfortable books, and a large—but not so comfortable—collection of loose papers. At the end of the day, I will take some of the papers home with me to my large, comfortable, and well heated house.

scholarly journals The Public and Private Spirit of Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Young Teacher

From the early days of my career as an educator, I recall a discussion with students about their service-learning experiences in the community. “What I learned is that I really don’t like poor people,” one student said, without rancor. Chuckles of acknowledgment could be heard around the classroom. As a young teacher trying to learn how to facilitate reflection, I suddenly saw a space open up in the conversation for possibilities. One student’s honesty had allowed all of them to consider, without the anxiety of judgment, what they thought about what was going on inside themselves. Something had happened. That something was civic engagement.

scholarly journals "It feels like we're going back in time": rights of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome and their caregivers in the face of two epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Maria Moreira Valim ◽  
Barbara Marciano Marques ◽  
Raquel Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Common Profile

Over the past few months living and facing the COVID-19 pandemic, the fact that the virus and its spread are not democratic has already been proven: the most common profile among victims of the new disease are black, indigenous, and poor people. In addition, it is also racialized and people on the periphery have been experiencing the greatest economic and social impact of the pandemic. COVID-19, in this sense, seems to be consistent with other documented health crises, making its way along the wide avenues of inequality. In this article, we seek to describe how the paths of inequality traced by COVID-19 intersect with the paths of another epidemic, which is now almost invisible in the public eye: that of the Zika Virus. Based on field diaries from research carried out in Recife / PE between 2016 and 2020, we seek to show how families previously affected by Zika now face COVID-19, pointing to structural factors common to the two health crises that put the same people at greater risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Draft Law to Create the Green Card and Responses / Yet Another Modest Proposal

1970 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University ◽  
Brian Prescott-Decie
Keyword(s):  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Western World ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Card ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Nationality Law ◽  
Member Of Parliament

Draft Law to Create the Green CardThe following article is the translated text of the Green Card draft law endorsed by Member of Parliament Neematallah Abi Nasr and submitted to the Minister of Justice Ibrahim Najjar for review. Yet Another Modest ProposalWhen Jonathan Swift published his satirical essay “A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public” in 1729, he little knew that he was starting a chain of events that would in time become a common pastime – the writing of “Modest Proposals” on a vast range of subjects. Member of Parliament Neematallah Abi Nasr recently offered his own “modest proposal” with regard to the issue of Nationality Law in Lebanon, to wit that the state should offer the families of Lebanese women a Green Card similarto the system normally practiced in the USA and elsewhere in the western world.

scholarly journals The Public Perception of People's Housing Program (PPR) for Slum Settlement Handling in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Yurnal Yurnal ◽  
Anis Shafika Binti Saiful Adli
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Housing Programs

The purpose of this study was to describe public perceptions of people’s housing programs for handling slums in Malaysia. Malaysia has begun organizing and fostering communities that have lived in slums since 1998 in the 'slum-free Malaysia vision 2005' program, and today Malaysia can be said to have successfully resolved slums, through public housing programs. The type of research used is this research is descriptive qualitative, using accidental sampling as sampling technique. Data collection methods used are interview and documentation methods, with research instruments in the form of interview guidelines. The results showed that the community strongly agreed with the existence of The People’s Housing Program (PPR), especially for the lower middle class and poor people in Malaysia. This program is able to realize the dream of the poor to be able to have a place to live that is suitable for living with family. Furthermore, the program itself is acknowledged by the community as being able to deal with slum settlements in Malaysia, and the poor who are biased in occupying slum areas voluntarily move to the houses provided by this PPR. So, people's perception of the Public Housing Program is very supportive especially to deal with slums in Malaysia.

Introduction: Patchwork Leviathans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Erin Metz McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
Internal Variation

This introductory chapter goes beyond the stereotypical image of dysfunctional public service to argue that many seemingly weak state “leviathans” are instead patchworked. What this means is that they are cobbled together from scarce available resources. They have a wide range of internal variation in organizational capacities sewn loosely together into the semblance of unity. The chapter thus reveals a striking empirical observation with theoretical implications for how to conceptualize states and state capacity: amid general organizational weakness and neopatrimonial politics, there are a few spectacularly effective state agencies dedicating their full working capacity to the routine satisfaction of organizational goals in the public interest. These are the subcultural niches of the bureaucratic ethos that manage to thrive against impressive odds.

Introduction: Social Movements and Democratization in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Thushara Dibley ◽  
Michele Ford
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter focuses on the collective contribution of progressive social movements to Indonesia's transition to democracy and their collective fate in the decades since. This sets the scene for the case studies to follow. It also explains how the relationship between social movements and democratization is understood in this context. Social movements consist of networks involving a diverse range of actors, including individuals, groups, or organizations that may be loosely connected or tightly clustered. Democratization, meanwhile, is a process through which a polity moves toward “a system of governance in which rulers are held accountable for their actions in the public realm by citizens, acting indirectly through the competition and cooperation of their elected representatives.”

1. Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Barnard ◽  
Steve Peers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Input Legitimacy ◽  
Output Legitimacy ◽  
The Eu

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the development of EU law. It then sets out the text’s overarching themes.These can be introduced in the form of two questions: ‘What should the EU be doing?’ and ‘How should the EU go about doing it?’ The first question is linked to the concept of ‘output legitimacy’, that is, the EU proving its value to the public by showing that it is effective in contributing to the achievement of objectives which have wide public support (e.g. economic growth and job creation). The second question is linked to the concept of ‘input legitimacy’, that is, how fair and democratic is the process by which the EU takes decisions.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Olivier Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
The Public Sphere

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the debate over Europe's Christian identity. Since the Treaty of Rome, there have been two significant developments for Christianity in Europe. First, secularization has given way to the large-scale dechristianization of European societies in both religious and cultural terms, especially from the protests of 1968 onwards. Second, Islam has arrived in Europe, through immigration and, with Turkey's application for membership of the EU, the proposed expansion of the continent's borders. Thus, the debate over Europe's Christian identity does not rest on a binary opposition between Europe and Islam, but on a triangle whose three poles are: (1) the Christian religion; (2) Europe's secular values (even if they occasionally make reference to a Christian identity); (3) Islam as a religion. However, the debate over Islam are much deeper questions about the very nature of Europe and its relationship to religion in general. The notion that Europe would be fine if only Islam or immigration did not exist is, of course, an illusion. There is a serious crisis surrounding European identity and the place of religion in the public sphere, as can be seen both in Christian radicalization over the issues of abortion and same-sex marriage, and in secular radicalization over religious slaughter and circumcision. This is nothing short of a crisis in European culture.

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