scholarly journals Potassium Use Efficiency of Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Philip J. White ◽  
Michael J. Bell ◽  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Philippe Hinsinger ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nonrenewable Resources ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Potassium Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

AbstractThere are many terms used to define aspects of potassium (K) use efficiency of plants. The terms used most frequently in an agricultural context are (1) agronomic K use efficiency (KUE), which is defined as yield per unit K available to a crop and is numerically equal to the product of (2) the K uptake efficiency (KUpE) of the crop, which is defined as crop K content per unit K available and (3) its K utilization efficiency (KUtE), which is defined as yield per unit crop K content. There is considerable genetic variation between and within plant species in KUE, KUpE, and KUtE. Root systems of genotypes with greatest KUpE often have an ability (1) to exploit the soil volume effectively, (2) to manipulate the rhizosphere to release nonexchangeable K from soil, and (3) to take up K at low rhizosphere K concentrations. Genotypes with greatest KUtE have the ability (1) to redistribute K from older to younger tissues to maintain growth and photosynthesis and (2) to reduce vacuolar K concentration, while maintaining an appropriate K concentration in metabolically active subcellular compartments, either by anatomical adaptation or by greater substitution of K with other solutes in the vacuole. Genetic variation in traits related to KUpE and KUtE might be exploited in breeding crop genotypes that require less K fertilizer. This could reduce fertilizer costs, protect the environment, and slow the exhaustion of nonrenewable resources.

scholarly journals Screening of Sunflower Genotypes for Potassium Use Efficiency in Irrigated Soil Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Sobia Baby Jamro ◽  
Naheed Akhtar Talpur ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sootahar ◽  
Zial Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Mahendar Kumar Sootahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Potassium Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2016 to screen out sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) genotypes for their potassium (K) use efficiency ratio. Eight sunflower genotypes were tested; Samsung 20, Mehran 2, Ho-1, Melabour, Samsung 30, Valugur, Chinika and Sputnik in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with the two treatments comprised of potassium at (50 and 0 kg K ha-1) along with source (SOP) recommended dose fertilizer respectively. The results revealed that the treated and control plots (50 and 0 kg K ha-1) produced different values for of seeds (1763.1 and 1588.5 head-1), shoot dry weight (23.0 and 19.11 g), head diameter (17.45 and 15.72 cm), seed yields (2065.8 and 1918.7 kg ha-1), seed K % (0.60 and 0.30%) and diagnostic tissue % (3.54 and 2.65%) respectively. The considerable increase was found in seeds head-1(10.99%), shoot dry weight (20.35%), head diameter (11.01%), seed yields (11.31%) seed K % (100%), and leaf K % (33.58%). Among genotypes, Ho-1 was highly efficient to utilize added K fertilizer more seed (2039.7 head-1), shoot dry weight (25.86 g), plant height (188.66 cm), head diameter (20.20 cm), seed yields (2409.5 kg hat-1). Moreover seed K % and leaf K % was also high in variety Ho_1 (0.65% and (5.05%) respectively. Among all the sunflower tested genotypes Ho-1 showed significant response applied K but the variety Ho-1 and genotype Chinika were more efficient in utilization of K.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Nitrogen Use Efficiency Traits in Global Diversity Panel and Parents of Mapping Populations in Pearl Millet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Pujarula ◽  
Madhu Pusuluri ◽  
Srikanth Bollam ◽  
Roma Rani Das ◽  
Rambabu Ratnala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Global Diversity ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mapping Populations

Nitrogen (N) is one of the primary macronutrients required for crop growth and yield. This nutrient is especially limiting in the dry and low fertility soils where pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] is typically grown. Globally, pearl millet is the sixth most important cereal grown by subsistence farmers in the arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Most of these agro-ecologies have low N in the root zone soil strata. Therefore, there is an immense need to identify lines that use nitrogen efficiently. A set of 380 diverse pearl millet lines consisting of a global diversity panel (345), parents of mapping populations (20), and standard checks (15) were evaluated in an alpha-lattice design with two replications, 25 blocks, a three-row plot for 11 nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) related traits across three growing seasons (Summer 2017, Rainy 2017, and Summer 2018) in an N-depleted precision field under three different N levels (0%-N0, 50%-N50, 100%-N100 of recommended N, i.e., 100 kg ha–1). Analysis of variance revealed significant genetic variation for NUE-related traits across treatments and seasons. Nitrogen in limited condition (N0) resulted in a 27.6 and 17.6% reduction in grain yield (GY) and dry stover yield (DSY) compared to N50. Higher reduction in GY and DSY traits by 24.6 and 23.6% were observed under N0 compared to N100. Among the assessed traits, GY exhibited significant positive correlations with nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI). This indicated the pivotal role of N remobilization to the grain in enhancing yield levels. Top 25 N-insensitive (NIS-top grain yielders) and N-sensitive (NS-poor grain yielders) genotypes were identified under low N conditions. Out of 25 NIS lines, nine genotypes (IP 10820, IP 17720, ICMB 01222-P1, IP 10379, ICMB 89111-P2, IP 8069, ICMB 90111-P2, ICMV IS89305, and ICMV 221) were common with the top 25 lines for N100 level showing the genotype plasticity toward varying N levels. Low N tolerant genotypes identified from the current investigation may help in the identification of genomic regions responsible for NUE and its deployment in pearl millet breeding programs through marker-assisted selection (MAS).

Effect of Different Levels of Potassium and Green Manure on Available K, Uptake of K and Potassium Use Efficiency of Rice (Oryza Sativa. L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha D.V ◽  
◽  
Kavitha P ◽  
Naidu M.V.S ◽  
Uma Maheswari P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Potassium Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of different levels of potassium and green manure on yield, dry matter production, content, uptake of potassium, available K and potassium use efficiency of rice during kharif 2015. The results revealed that the yield, dry matter production, content, uptake of potassium, available K and potassium use efficiency were significantly increased with increase in K fertilizer application and also due to green manure incorporation. The highest yield, dry matter production, content and uptake of potassium, available K were obtained with incorporation of green manure (Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1) +120 kg K2 O ha-1 which was on par with (Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1) +80 kg K2 O ha-1and (Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1)+40 kg K2 O ha-1. Among all the treatments the highest KUE was observed with T6 ((Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1) +40 kg K2 O ha-1) followed by T7 ((Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1) + 80 kg K2 O ha-1) and T8 ((Dhaincha @ 5 t ha-1) +120 kg K2 O ha-1). Among the levels of K fertilizer, the highest potassium use efficiency was recorded at 100% RDK (80 kg K2 O ha-1) followed by 150% RDK (120 kg K2 O ha-1)

scholarly journals Reduced Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Rates for Intermediate-day Onion in Paddy Soil with Incorporated Rice Straw plus Manure

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongtae Lee ◽  
Jinseong Moon ◽  
Heedae Kim ◽  
Injong Ha ◽  
Sangdae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
N Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply on the growth and nutrient uptake of intermediate-day onions (Allium cepa L.) was investigated in a double cropping system of rice and onion in which rice straw had been annually applied. The experiment consisted of three sets of treatments: N (0, 120, 240, 360 kg·ha−1 N), P (0, 18, 35, 52 kg·ha−1), and K (0, 67, 133, 200 kg·ha−1) with the addition of 8.0 t·ha−1 of decomposed pig manure. The rice straw was incorporated with tillage after harvest. Foliage weight of the onion plant was affected by N rate on 21 Apr. and on 23 May. Bulb weight was also influenced by N rate on 23 May and at harvest. The only difference (P ≤ 0.05) in onion yield was observed between the zero N rate and all the other N levels. Soil pH was correlated with rate of N fertilization. Soil NO3-N for 240 and 360 kg·ha−1 N rates ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 and 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg−1, respectively, which was at least twice as high as that at 120 kg·ha−1 N rate. The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha−1 followed by 240 kg·ha−1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha−1 at 20.6%. There was no clear effect of P or K rates on P or K concentration in the onion bulbs. K concentration and uptake in the onion leaf tissue increased with higher K rates. In conclusion, compost and rice straw provided sufficient P and K to grow onions without additional P and K fertilizer, and under these conditions, the fertilizer level of 120 kg·ha−1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levels.

scholarly journals Corn Stover Removal Responses on Soil Test P and K Levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Novak ◽  
James R. Frederick ◽  
Don W. Watts ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Douglas L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
K Concentration

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available P and K concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impacts on topsoil P and K contents in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Ultisols. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by wt) were removed for five years from replicated plots. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1)-extractable P and K concentrations were used to monitor changes within the soils. Grain alone removed 13–15 kg ha−1 P and 15–18 kg ha−1 K each year, resulting in a cumulative removal of 70 and 85 kg ha−1 or 77 and 37% of the P and K fertilizer application, respectively. Harvesting stover increased nutrient removal such that when combined with grain removed, a cumulative total of 95% of the applied P and 126% of fertilizer K were taken away. This caused M1 P and K levels to decline significantly in the first year and even with annual fertilization to remain relatively static thereafter. For these Ultisols, we conclude that P and K fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned for P and K removed with grain and stover harvesting and that stover harvest of >50% by weight will significantly decrease soil test M1 P and K contents.

Study on Efficiency of Rainfall and Flood Water Resources Utilization in Coastal Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qin Chen ◽  
Xian Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

Due to the rich resources of urban rainwater and transit flood in coastal areas, rational utilization of rainfall and flood water resources can improve the sustainable utilization, to better serve the coastal development. In this paper, the available quantity of water rainfall and flood water resources in coastal are distributed to domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water and ecologic environmental water. Water price method is used to calculate domestic water efficiency. Energy synthesis is used to calculate the industrial and agricultural water-use efficiency. Ecologic environmental water-use efficiency-sharing coefficient method is used to calculate the ecologic environmental water-use efficiency. Finally, taking Lianyungang City, a Jiangsu coastal city as an example to analyze the rainfall and flood water resources utilization efficiency. The results provide reference to the research for Chinas plain area rainfall and flood water resources efficiency analysis.

scholarly journals Does Smart City Construction Improve the Green Utilization Efficiency of Urban Land?

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Aiping Wang ◽  
Weifen Lin ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Green Land

Frontier research primarily focuses on the effect of urban development models on land use efficiency, while ignoring the effect of new-type urban development on the green land use efficiency. Accordingly, this paper employs a super efficiency slacks-based measure (super-SBM) model with undesirable outputs to measure the green land use efficiency based on panel data from 152 prefecture-level cities for the period 2004–2017. We construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model in this paper to test the impact of smart city construction on the green utilization efficiency of urban land and its transmission mechanism. The results showed that: (1) The smart city construction significantly improved the green utilization efficiency of urban land, increasing the general efficiency by 15%. (2) There is significant city-size heterogeneity in the effect of smart city construction on improving green utilization efficiency of urban land. The policy effect is more obvious in mega cities and above than in very-large-sized cities. (3) The city-feature heterogeneity results reveal that, in cities with a higher level of human capital, financial development, and information infrastructure, the effectiveness of smart city construction in improving the green utilization efficiency of urban land are more obvious, and in cities with a higher level of financial development, the effects of the urban policy were more optimal. (4) The smart city construction promotes the green utilization efficiency of urban land through by the information industry development and the regional innovation capabilities.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

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