scholarly journals Between Origin and Destination: German Migrants and the Individual Consequences of Their Global Lives

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Marcel Erlinghagen ◽  
Andreas Ette ◽  
Norbert F. Schneider ◽  
Nils Witte
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Mobile Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractDuring the twentieth century, international migration was mainly understood as immigration into economically highly developed welfare states. This has changed over the course of recent decades because these countries are meanwhile also understood as important sources of international mobility. Whereas international mobility experiences have potentially far-reaching consequences for social inequalities and life chances, migration studies have only little experience in analysing international migration from those economically highly developed welfare states. This introduction frames the chapters in this volume that contribute to fill this gap by examining the individual consequences of global lives not only as a question of migrants’ integration into receiving societies (destination). Rather, the consequences of international mobility are also studied by comparing migrants with the non-mobile population of the country of origin (origin) and as results of specific trajectories (migration) in individual life courses during the migration process (Destination-Origin-Migration Approach). The introduction also provides an overview of how this approach is utilised by the different chapters of the book, all based on the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS), which provides a comprehensive empirical basis for studying the consequences of international migration along four dimensions of the life course: employment and social mobility, partner and family, wellbeing and health, as well as friends and social integration.

scholarly journals Surveying Across Borders: The Experiences of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Andreas Ette ◽  
Jean P. Décieux ◽  
Marcel Erlinghagen ◽  
Jean Guedes Auditor ◽  
Nikola Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractInternational migration is often characterised as a process of immigration from economically less developed to highly developed countries. Whereas the factors driving those flows and the integration of the respective ethnic groups are widely analysed, the international mobility of the populations of precisely those affluent societies is regularly missed and less-frequently studied. The chapter describes the research design of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study as one of the first endeavours to study the internationally mobile populations from prosperous welfare states. Following an origin-based probability sampling of internationally migrating German citizens, it offers survey data to study the consequences of emigration and remigration along the life course. The chapter discusses the quality of this new data infrastructure along the survey lifecycle and compares the distribution of central demographic characteristics in the survey with official reference statistics. The aim is to establish this approach as a new avenue for studying the global lives of internationally mobile populations.

Social inequalities and mental health

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Ruth Bell ◽  
Michael Marmot
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

This chapter discusses evidence linking social inequalities, across social, economic, and environmental dimensions to inequalities in mental health. A framework for thinking about the lifetime causes of inequalities in mental health is presented and used to discuss how experiences and conditions affect mental health across the life course. The chapter focuses particularly on factors that affect child development because of the importance of child developmental outcomes for future mental and physical health, and on life chances. Finally, the need for more attention to be focused on addressing the causes of social inequalities in mental health through multiple types of policies and interventions is discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Inequalities: Individual and Area Socioeconomic Factors (Aragón, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6607
Author(s):  
Isabel Aguilar-Palacio ◽  
Lina Maldonado ◽  
Sara Malo ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-Recio ◽  
Iván Marcos-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

It is essential to understand the impact of social inequalities on the risk of COVID-19 infection in order to mitigate the social consequences of the pandemic. With this aim, the objective of our study was to analyze the effect of socioeconomic inequalities, both at the individual and area of residence levels, on the probability of COVID-19 confirmed infection, and its variations across three pandemic waves. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and included data from all individuals tested for COVID-19 during the three waves of the pandemic, from March to December 2020 (357,989 individuals) in Aragón (Spain). We studied the effect of inequalities on the risk of having a COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis after being tested using multilevel analyses with two levels of aggregation: individuals and basic healthcare area of residence (deprivation level and type of zone). Inequalities in the risk of COVID-19 confirmed infection were observed at both the individual and area level. There was a predominance of low-paid employees living in deprived areas. Workers with low salaries, unemployed and people on minimum integration income or who no longer receive the unemployment allowance, had a higher probability of COVID-19 infection than workers with salaries ≥ €18,000 per year. Inequalities were greater in women and in the second wave. The deprivation level of areas of residence influenced the risk of COVID-19 infection, especially in the second wave. It is necessary to develop individual and area coordinated measures by areas in the control, diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic, in order to avoid an increase in the already existing inequalities.

“Documents, Please”

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Robert Brill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Infrastructure

A birth certificate is essential to exercising citizenship, yet vast numbers of poor people in developing countries have no official record of their existence. Few academic studies analyze the conditions under which governments come to document and certify births routinely, and those that do leave much to be explained, including why nontotalitarian governments at low to middle levels of economic development come to prioritize birth registration. This article draws attention to the impetus that welfare-building initiatives give to identity documentation. The empirical focus is on contemporary Latin America, where extensions in institutionalized social protection since the 1990s have increased the demand for and supply of birth registration, raising the life chances of the poor and building state infrastructure in the process. The authors' argument promises to have broader applicability as welfare states form in other developing regions.

Gendered and extended work: research and policy needs for work in later life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Debra Street ◽  
Áine Ní Léime ◽  
Clary Krekula
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Extended Work

The conclusion briefly summarises the contributions of each of the individual country chapters; to highlight major cross-national similarities and differences; to emphasise topics where more research is needed to better understand the myriad implications of extended working lives, and to consider some policy directions that could improve prospects for extended working life by countering the increasing polarisation of later life opportunities which current policy trajectories will create. While not denying the materially better conditions in Sweden or the United States than, say, Portugal or Ireland, there is not as much variation across the countries covered as might otherwise have been expected when extended working life is considered through a gendered lens. If older women's disadvantage is to be minimised or addressed, it is certain that the private sector alone cannot accomplish that. Only governments can redistribute resources and life chances in ways that would give future women (and vulnerable men) a fighting chance at good employment in later life and adequate income in old age.

scholarly journals Theorizing Cultural and Social Intersections of Age and Gender: The Approach of Anocriticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Roberta Maierhofer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Narrative Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension

Abstract This contribution discusses empirical applications of the approach of ‘anocriticism’ in interdisciplinary gerontological research. Despite the connection in terms of epistemology and ontology, the intersection of gender and age has been mostly ignored, privileging works focusing either on age or gender (Calasanti & Slevin 2001:27; Denninger & Schütze 2017:7). Age/ing Studies, however, would not have been established as a field without the theoretical and methodological approaches of feminist theory (Maierhofer (2019:2). Anocriticism was originally developed in order to investigate cultural representations of age/ing (Maierhofer 2003, 2004b, 2004a, 2007, 2012), but has recently been taken up in social sciences (Ratzenböck 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b; Gales and Loos 2020, forthcoming) in order to draw attention to four dimensions: (a) age and aging’s collective cultural construction and relation to gender, (b) the individual dimension of aging, (c) people’s interpretative power and narrative performance, and (d) age/ing’s potential for resistance and change.

Education and Health across Lives and Cohorts: A Study of Cumulative (Dis)advantage and Its Rising Importance in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya Leopold ◽  
Thomas Leopold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Educational Gaps

Research from the United States has supported two hypotheses. First, educational gaps in health widen with age—the cumulative (dis)advantage hypothesis. Second, this relationship has intensified across cohorts—the rising importance hypothesis. In this article, we used 23 waves of panel data (Socio-Economic Panel Study, 1992–2014) to examine both hypotheses in the German context. We considered individual and contextual influences on the association between education and health, and we assessed gender differences in health trajectories over the life course (ages 23 to 84) and across cohorts (born between 1930 and 1969). For women, we found no support for either hypothesis, as educational gaps in self-rated health remained stable with age and across cohorts. Among men, we found support for both hypotheses, as educational gaps in self-rated health widened with age and increasingly in newer cohorts.

Temporary Housing and Unsettled Population: Drivers of Urban Change in Early Modern Marseille and Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-140
Author(s):  
Eleonora Canepari
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Mobile Population ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper argues that unsettled people, far from being “marginal” individuals, played a key role in shaping early modern cities. It does so by going beyond the traditional binary between rooted and unstable people. Specifically, the paper takes the temporary places of residence of this “unsettled” population – notably inns (garnis in France, osterie in Italy) – as a vantage point to observe social change in early modern cities. The case studies are two cities which shared a growing and highly mobile population in the early modern period: Rome and Marseille. In the first section, the paper focuses on two semi-rural neighborhoods. This is to assess the impact of mobility in shaping demographic, urbanistic, and economic patterns in these areas. Moving from the neighborhood as a whole to the individual buildings which composed it, the second section outlines the biographies of two inns: Rome’s osteria d’Acquataccio and Marseille’s hôtel des Deux mondes. In turn, this is to evaluate changes and continuities over a longer period of time.

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