scholarly journals Abolitionist and Regulatory Arguments into Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Daniela Bandelli
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transnational Feminism ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
Self Objectification

AbstractSurrogacy is becoming a new cause for transnational feminism and the public debate is strongly influenced by the commodification and autonomy/choice frames used in other battles of feminism (abortion and prostitution). This chapter will discuss the scarce appeal of the defence of women from commodification in an individualistic society that legitimizes self-determination at any cost and self-objectification; it will also highlight female agency in choosing to participate in surrogacy, inviting to understand these decisions in light of some characteristics of contemporary society, including the imperative to individual choice as well as the human domination over nature through technology; in light of the limitations of women’s freedom during pregnancy for others, the claim of surrogacy as a space for expression of a woman’s autonomy will be questioned; the claim of surrogacy as empowerment will also be questioned, highlighting the negative impact on the social condition of women. Finally, it will be proposed to shift the focus of the debate from adults to children, and, in particular, to their separation at birth from the one they identify as mother: this removal, even if done without wanting to harm, could be framed as a form of violence.

scholarly journals Historical Significance of the Spanish Neutrality in the First World War

2014 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
I. Y. Mednikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

The article deals with an insufficiently studied problem, Spanish neutrality during the First World War. The author analyzes its historical significance in the international context, as well in the context of political, economical and social evolution of Spain. Spain was one of the few major European Powers that maintained its neutrality throughout the First World War. Although all Spanish governments during the conflict declared strict neutrality, it was, in actual fact, benevolent towards the Entente Powers, and by the end of hostilities Spain turned into "neutral ally" of Entente. This benevolence towards the future winners and a wide humanitarian campaign supported and headed by the King Alfonso XIII enabled Spain to improve her position in the postwar system of international relations; Spain became one of the non-permanent members of the League of Nations Council. Nevertheless the Spanish neutrality had a negative impact upon the social, political and economical evolution of Spain. The social stratification was increased, the public opinion was deeply divided and the social conflicts were aggravated, that considerably affected the further evolution of the Spanish society.

Refiguring the Language of Race

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Garloff
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Love Stories ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Final Verdict ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The One

This chapter jumps to the turn of the century, when the rise of racial antisemitism fostered a new Jewish self-awareness and rendered “interracial” love and marriage central to the public debates about German Jewish identity. It analyzes three German Jewish writers of different and paradigmatic political orientations, who used love stories to diagnose the reasons for the faltering of emancipation: the assimilationist Ludwig Jacobowski, the Zionist Max Nordau, and the mainstream liberal Georg Hermann. Their works, including Jacobowski's Werther the Jew (1892), Nordau's Doctor Kohn (1899), and Hermann's Jettchen Gebert (1906), show how love stories potentially escape the ideological constraints of increasingly racialized models of identity. On the one hand, the love plot affords an opportunity to expose the obstacles encountered by Jews seeking integration in times of rising antisemitism. On the other hand, the open endings of most love stories and the ambiguous use of racial language allow the authors to eschew a final verdict on the success or failure of integration. The chapter argues that the love plot generates a host of equivocations between the social and the biological, and the particular and the universal, creating a metaphorical surplus that opens up venues to rethink the project of Jewish emancipation and assimilation.

ONE HEALTH AND BIOSAFETY -NEED OF HARMONIZATION IN MONGOLIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Zayatiin Batsukh ◽  
Gonchigoogiin Battsetseg
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans is connected to the health of animals and the environment. The major aim of the One Health is to improve health and well-being through the prevention of risks and the mitigation of effects of crises that originate at the interface between humans, animals and their various environments.Regardless of which of the many definitions of One Health is used, the common theme is collaboration across sectors. Collaborating across sectors that have a direct or indirect impact on health involves thinking and working across silos and optimizing resources and efforts while respecting the autonomy of the various sectors. To improve the effectiveness of the One Health approach, there is a need to establish a better sectoral balance among existing groups and networks, especially between veterinarians and physicians, and to increase the participation of environmental and wildlife health practitioners, as well as social scientists and development actors.As this kind of collaboration newly introduced in Mongolia, there are numerous complications and difficulties may arise, that eventually could lead to the results, with higher negative impact to the public and personal health. From the technical perspective, it is undoubtfully important to evaluate the system and reveal the gap and weakness of each stakeholder in this important network and try to introduce common standard operational procedures for the handling and maintaining infective agents to avoid the unpleasant spill over the pathogen into the environment.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 146-152

From the Experience to Bearing Witness; From the Authority to Trust. Testimony, Historical Truth and Trust in Contemporary Collective Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Maria Pleskaczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Bear Witness

The last decades are the time of significant interest in the problem of witnesses and their testimonies, both in interdisciplinary discourse and practical activities and institutions. An important philosophical category of testimony, is gaining growing practical importance. New forms of collection and distribution of testimonies, significant increase of their quantity and release to the public discussion and a group of witnesses new participants, creates some new problems requiring reflection. The growing problem of institutionalization may disrupt the natural availability of bearing witness. Connecting testimonies with the historical truth and factual knowledge may lead to devaluation of testimonies and bearing witness. Ethics admits witnesses specific authority based on the personal experience and validity of the moral evaluations; this authority may explain who can (should) to bear witness. Meanwhile, the category of trust seems to explain the witnesses selection much better. The risk of numerous manipulations of testimonies is an important problem that has a negative impact on the reception of the social reception of testimonies and the situation of witnesses. In order to adequately respond to the experiences and needs of witnesses, an atmosphere of social trust should be build.

scholarly journals Somos nosotros, somos gobierno. Experiencia de movimientos sociales en Bolivia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 264-276
Author(s):  
María Virginia Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The One ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

The emergence of social movements in the public arena had to do with neoliberalism´s negative consequences. Different actors with different interests worked together against the system, which became their “common antagonist”.  On the one hand, after years of autonomous organization, these social movements won social recognition and increased their power. On the other, political parties and trade unions lost legitimacy.  In December 2005, a faction of the Bolivian social movements won the general elections, and Evo Morales (the cocalero movement´s leader) became the first Aymara president in Bolivian history. How to manage this government it is one of the majors challenges the social movements confront in today’s Bolivia. La emergencia de movimientos sociales en la esfera pública está ligada a las consecuencias negativas del neoliberalismo.  Actores sociales provenientes de distintos sectores y con intereses distintos unieron fuerzas contra un sistema que se convirtió en el “antagonista común”.  Después de años de organización autónoma, estos movimientos lograron reconocimiento político e incrementaron su poder de gestión, mientras los partidos políticos y los sindicatos perdían legitimidad.  En diciembre 2005 una facción de los movimientos sociales ganó las elecciones generales y Evo Morales (líder del movimiento cocalero) se convirtió en el primer Presidente aymara de la historia de Bolivia. Cómo gestionar este gobierno constituye hoy día uno de los mayores retos que enfrentan los movimientos sociales.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Sosial-Politik sebagai Praktik Hospitalitas Kaum Pentakostal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Irwan Widjaja ◽  
Harls Evan R. Siahaan ◽  
Nathanael Octavianus
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Abstract. The involvement of the church in social life outside the church is something that continues to struggle from time to time; the church, on the one hand, felt compelled to be involved in all aspects of life; on the other, it felt sufficient to focus on the spiritual dimension of life. Meanwhile, participation in the social domain is often articulated with religious mission activities that wish to win souls and increase the number of church members. This article aimed to present a theological reflection framework on hospitality in a Pentecostal perspective, as a spirituality that drives the participatory philosophy of Pentecostals in the public sphere, both socially and politically. The method used is descriptive analysis, with a literature study approach. The result is that the hospitality attitude of the early church in the Acts constructs a Pentecostal reflection of the participation of Pentecostals in the public sphere.Abstrak. Keterlibatan gereja dalam kehidupan sosial di luar gereja merupakan hal yang terus mengalami pergumulan dari waktu ke waktu; gereja di satu sisi merasa harus terlibat dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan, di sisi lain merasa cukup untuk memfokuskan pada dimensi kehidupan rohani. Sementara itu, partisipasi pada domain sosial tidak jarang diartikulasikan dengan kegiatan misi gerejawi yang ingin memenangkan jiwa dan menambahkan jumlah anggota gereja. Artikel ini bertujuan menyajikan sebuah kerangka refleksi teologis tentang hospitalitas dalam perspektif Pentakostal, sebagai spirtualitas yang menggerakkan sikap partisipatif kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik, baik secara sosial dan politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasilnya, sikap hospitalitas jemaat mula-mula pada narasi Kisah Para Rasul mengonstruksi sebuah perenungan Pentakostal mengenai partisipasi kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik.

scholarly journals A natureza (dos) nos fatos urbanos: produção do espaço e degradação ambiental

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislene PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Este trabalho pretende discutir a relação entre o processo de construção do espaço urbano, a segregação socioespacial e a degradação ambiental. A urbanização crescente da população no Brasil tem feito com que os problemas decorrentes desse processo (carência de infra-estrutura, densificação de áreas inadequadas, degradação ambiental, segregação socioespacial) centralizem nas últimas décadas as discussões de governantes, técnicos e cientistas sociais. Cabe, então, perguntar: por que nossas cidades não têm a qualidade que todos queremos, mesmo depois das inúmeras iniciativas preconizadas pelo poder público para reversão dessas tendências negativas? Nosso interesse aqui é discutir essas questões a partir do caso particular da cidade de Curitiba, a qual, apesar de vir se destacando por experiências bem sucedidas de planejamento, segue os padrões brasileiros no que se refere à segregação socioespacial. Entendemos que a discussão das questões urbanas deve ser centrada nos elementos que contribuem para a segregação socioespacial e nas possibilidades e limites das políticas públicas de controle do uso do solo respondendo de forma positiva para a sua superação. A partir do conhecimento da lógica da produção do espaço o trabalho pretende averiguar as possibilidades de integração das políticas urbanas, com o objetivo de promover a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. The nature (of) our urban facts: productions of space and environmental degradation Abstract This work intends to discuss the relation among the process of construction of the urban space, the social-spacial segregation and the environmental degradation. The growing urbanisation of the Brazilian population has led the problems which come from such process – lack of infrastructure, unsuitable densification of areas, environmental degradation, social-space segregation – to centralize the discussion of governmental rulings, technicians and social scientists. So, it’s worthy to ask: why our cities do not have the quality we want, even after several initiatives advocated by the public policies to revert these negative trends? Our interest here is to discuss such questions from the particular case of Curitiba city, the one which, despite of being standing out itself throughout well-succeded experiences of planning, follows the Brazilian patterns related to the social-spacial segregation. We understand that the discussion of urban questions must be focused on the elements which contribute to the social-spacial segregation and on the possibilities and limits of the public policies to answer in a positive way to their overcoming. From the knowledge of the production logic of the space, this work intends to check out the possibilities of integration of the urban policies, with the aim of promoting the increasing of the environmental quality.

Das russische Verfassungsexperiment 1906–1918: Zum Verhältnis von Tradition und Modernität

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-115
Author(s):  
Dietmar Neutatz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Relationship

The Russian Constitutional Experiment, 1906–1918: On the Relationship between Tradition and Modernity The revolution of 1905 turned the virtually unlimited autocracy of the Russian Empire into a constitutional monarchy. However, this experiment survived the fall of the Tsar in 1917 by only a few months and was obliged to give way to the Bolshevik dictatorship. This article investigates how far the failure of constitutionalism in Russia was due to the special circumstances surrounding the crisis of 1917, or whether it is better explained by the ill-conceived application of a notion imported from Western Europe that could not be grafted onto indigenous Russian traditions. The article discusses the competing concepts of Western-style parliamentarianism on the one hand and a ‹Russian› ideal of direct popular representation on the other (i.e. the ‹Zemskij Sobor› dating from the era before Peter the Great). It investigates the constraints within which the State Duma worked, and the social and political practice of Russian constitutionalism between 1906 and 1918, in order to analyse how deeply rooted constitutional concepts were in late Tsarist society. Special attention is paid to the following themes: the capacity of the Duma to address practical problems; the changing character of political culture; new forms of the public sphere and the growth of civil society; the relationship between parliament and the peasantry; the activities of both supporters of a parliamentary order and their right- and left-wing opponents; and finally the importance of ‹Russian›-style counter-proposals to ‹Western›-style constitutionalism during the crisis years of 1917/18.

Public School Elites in Early-Victorian England: The Boys at Harrow and Merchant Taylors' Schools from 1825 to 1850

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

Historians agree that the public schools played a central role in the creation of Victorian society and that in particular they were seminal in the construction of that “mid-Victorian compromise” which made the mid-century an era of “balance,” “equipoise,” and accommodation. There is further agreement that the cadre of boys produced by the newly reformed public schools became that mid-Victorian governing and social elite which was at once larger, more broadly based, more professional and, to many, more talented than the one which preceded it. The importance of the public schools in this regard was, as Asa Briggs affirms, twofold. They assimilated the “representatives of old families with the sons of the new middle classes,” thereby creating the “social amalgam” which, in Briggs' view, “cemented old and new ruling groups which had previously remained apart.” Secondly, the singular expression of that amalgamation was an elite type, the “Christian Gentleman”—the result of an “education in character” administered under the influence of Dr. Arnold. Arnold was able to do this because he “reconciled the serious classes” (that is, the commercial middle class) “to the public schools,” sharing as he did “their faith in progress, goodness, and their own vocation.” At first, the schools “attracted primarily the sons of the nobility, gentry and professional classes.” Later, it was the “sons of the leaders of industry” who were, like earlier generations of boys, amalgamated with “the sons of men of different traditions” in a broadened “conception of a gentleman.”

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