Regenerative Nodules and Liver Tumors in Vascular Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-236
Author(s):  
Valerie Paradis ◽  
Aurélie Beaufrère
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Regenerative Nodules

scholarly journals Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of liver diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (49) ◽  
pp. 1955-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Werling
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Autophagy is a self-digestion process that plays an important role in the development, differentiation and homeostasis of cells, helping their survival during starvation and hypoxia. Accumulated mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum can be degraded by autophagy in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatitis C and B virus may exploit the autophagy pathway to escape the innate immune response and to promote their own replication. Autophagy is decreased in response to chronic alcohol consumption, likely due to a decrease in 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, increase in mTOR activity and due to an alteration in vesicle transport in hepatocytes. In obesity and alcoholic liver disease the decreased function of autophagy causes formation of Mallory-Denk bodies and cell death. The deficient autophagy can contribute to liver steatosis, to endoplasmic reticulum stress, and to progression of liver disease. Autophagy defect in hepatocellular carcinoma suggests that it can serve a tumor-suppressor function. The autophagy protein Beclin-1 levels have prognostic significance in liver tumors. Understanding of the molecular mechanism and the role of autophagy may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies in liver diseases in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1955–1961.

scholarly journals The use of endoscopic cryoapplicator in liver and gallbladder surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
N. V. Merzlikin ◽  
M. A. Maksimov ◽  
V. F. Tskhai ◽  
V. N. Salo ◽  
P. S. Bushlanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Bile Leakage ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Local Destruction ◽  
Gallbladder Surgery

Purpose of the study. To investigate the efficacy of focal destruction tissues of local liver diseases, chole- and hemostasis of created endoscopic cryoapplicator in operations on the liver and gallbladder.Material and methods. Review the results of surgical treatment of 121 patients with various diseases of the liver (tumors, alveococcosis, parasitic and non-parasitic cysts) and gallbladder (chronic and acute cholecystitis) using a new endoscopic porous TiNi cryoapplicator. 49 patients were operated by an open method, 72 - laparoscopically. Hemo-and cholestatic control of the instrument was performed intraoperative and in postoperative period - by clinical condition of patient and by ultrasonography. Efficiency of destruction of focal liver diseases was investigated by histological examinations of surgical materials, is confirmed by the absence of relapses in the period from 4 to 6 years.The results. Cryoapplicator is simple in use, in sterilization, no energy consumption, can be used both in open surgery, particularly in arduous regions of the liver and laparoscopic procedures and, most importantly, patients with artificial cardiac pacemakers.Cryodestruction of the liver stump after its resection and the bed of the gallbladder after cholecystectomy reduces blood loss by 30-40%, and also helps to reduce the number of relapses of the disease. There were not observed bleeding and bile leakage in postoperative period. Histological examination proved picture of avascular necrosis, a violation of tissue structure of subjected to destruction liver focal diseases, death of epithelial lining of non-parasitic cysts and membranes of echinococcal cysts. There were not diseases recurrences in the period from 4 to 6 years.Conclusion. Endoscopic porous TiNi cryoapplicator is simple and convenient in use, it has a good hemo- and cholestatic effects, pronounced effect to local destruction of liver focal diseases, can be recommended for open and laparoscopic operations on liver.

Vergleich der klinischen Wertigkeit eines iterativen Rekonstruktionsverfahrens mit der gefilterten Rückprojektion bei der SPECT der Leber

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
W. Müller-Schauenburg ◽  
H. Luig ◽  
W. Eschner ◽  
U. Feine ◽  
P. Reuland
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Method ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Filtered Back Projection ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Multiple Metastases ◽  
Homogeneous Pattern

We have tested an iterative reconstruction procedure against the usual filtered back-projection in 14 patients with SPECT-examinations of various liver diseases. The aim of the examinations was to assess the presence of liver tumors in most cases. Further indications were Budd-Chiari syndromes and a liver malconfiguration in one case. Three of six haemangiomas and both liver metastases were better delineated with the iterative method, in one patient the haemangioma was visible only with this method. An irregular pattern after filtered back-projection led to misinterpretation as multiple metastases in another patient in whom there was no irregularity after iteration. Diagnostic improvement was not reached in the Budd-Chiari syndromes or in an atypical liver configuration, with a more homogeneous pattern after iteration however. The iterative reconstruction procedure was superior to the filtered back- projection method in the detection of small focal liver diseases.

scholarly journals Autophagy and liver cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Chao ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
Shaogui Wang ◽  
Sam Fulte ◽  
Wen-Xing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Catabolic Process

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that degrades cytosolic proteins and organelles via formation of autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, whereby autophagic cargos are degraded. Numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of liver physiology and homeostasis, and impaired autophagy leads to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, alcohol associated liver diseases (AALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy may play a dual role in liver cancer: inhibiting early tumor initiation while promoting progression and malignancy of already formed liver tumors. In this review, we summarized the progress of current understanding of how hepatic viral infection, alcohol consumption and diet-induced fatty liver diseases impair hepatic autophagy. We also discussed how impaired autophagy promotes liver tumorigenesis, and paradoxically how autophagy is required to promote the malignancy and progression of liver cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how autophagy differentially affects liver cancer development and progression may help to design better therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of liver cancer.

scholarly journals Proliferative polyploid cells give rise to tumors via ploidy reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Matsumoto ◽  
Leslie Wakefield ◽  
Alexander Peters ◽  
Myron Peto ◽  
Paul Spellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Polyploid Cells ◽  
Regenerative Nodules

AbstractPolyploidy is a hallmark of cancer, and closely related to chromosomal instability involved in cancer progression. Importantly, polyploid cells also exist in some normal tissues. Polyploid hepatocytes proliferate and dynamically reduce their ploidy during liver regeneration. This raises the question whether proliferating polyploids are prone to cancer via chromosome missegregation during mitosis and/or ploidy reduction. Conversely polyploids could be resistant to tumor development due to their redundant genomes. Therefore, the tumor-initiation risk of physiologic polyploidy and ploidy reduction is still unclear. Using in vivo lineage tracing we here show that polyploid hepatocytes readily form liver tumors via frequent ploidy reduction. Polyploid hepatocytes give rise to regenerative nodules with chromosome aberrations, which are enhanced by ploidy reduction. Although polyploidy should theoretically prevent tumor suppressor loss, the high frequency of ploidy reduction negates this protection. Importantly, polyploid hepatocytes that undergo multiple rounds of cell division become predominantly mononucleated and are resistant to ploidy reduction. Our results suggest that ploidy reduction is an early step in the initiation of carcinogenesis from polyploid hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Technique to Classify Cirrhotic Liver Using Texture Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
Mehrun Nisa ◽  
Saeed Ahmad Buzdar ◽  
Sadia Riaz ◽  
Mustansar Mahmood Warraich ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Malignant Liver ◽  
Almost All

Texture analysis is an outstanding and fundamental task being used in many medical and computer vision applications. Malfunctioning of the human liver upsets almost all the other organs in the human body. Usually liver infections are difficult to analyze because of inconclusive side effects. More often, the liver could be confronting critically but it may not be significantly unveiled. The main objective of this research work is to provide some standard liver diagnostic measures to minimize the risk factors, as better diagnosis is essential requirement in radiology. The Computerized Tomography (CT) contributes important information to the clinical evaluation of diffuse liver diseases. Haralick texture parameters have been computed on the selected Regions of Interest. B11 is used for discrimination and interpretation of normal and cirrhotic liver diseases. Normal and diseased Liver CT images were collected from Bahawal Victoria Hospital. Normal and cirrhotic liver samples of clinically verified patients were obtained and total 900 Regions of Interest (ROIs) were taken from the selected data. Training of the classes was next step after texture parameter computation. In this work, supervised classification method was used to classify the selected images. In this way, the classes were trained in a supervised manner. The maximum accuracy obtained during this research work was 100%, linear dimensionality was 1 and the linear separability was 0.99%. Results of this research work suggested that texture parameters have high degree of reliability to automatically discriminate similar tissue textures, when regions are obvious. This framework separates benign from malignant liver tumors with moderately high precision and is therefore link up the psychophysics with machine vision to outline, recognize, categorize or discriminate textures.

scholarly journals Liver tumors in children with chronic liver diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1680-1695
Author(s):  
Palittiya Sintusek ◽  
Teerasak Phewplung ◽  
Anapat Sanpavat ◽  
Yong Poovorawan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Total and Free Serum Sialic Acid Concentration in Liver Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gruszewska ◽  
Bogdan Cylwik ◽  
Anatol Panasiuk ◽  
Maciej Szmitkowski ◽  
Robert Flisiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Serum

Background. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of total (TSA) and free (FSA) sialic acid in acute and chronic liver diseases.Materials and Methods. The serum TSA and FSA levels were determined in 278 patients suffering from acute and chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. TSA was estimated by enzymatic method and FSA by the thiobarbituric method modified by Skoza and Mohos.Results. There were no significant differences in the serum TSA concentration between liver diseases of different etiologies, although in most of the liver diseases the mean TSA level was significantly lower than that in the control group. In contrast to TSA, the concentration of FSA appears to differ between liver diseases. In toxic hepatitis it was higher than that in nonalcoholic cirrhosis. However, neither of them differs between alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis or between liver tumors and tumors with cirrhosis.Conclusions. We conclude that the changes in concentrations of TSA and FSA during the same liver diseases indicate significant disturbances in sialylation of serum glycoproteins.

scholarly journals In vivo Hepatocyte Genome Manipulation via Intravenous Injection of Genome Editing Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nakamura ◽  
◽  
Naoko Ando ◽  
Masayuki Ishihara ◽  
Masahiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range

The liver is a major organ with a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production. Liver dysfunction causes liver diseases such as hepatic cirrhosis and hepatitis. To explore the pathogenesis of these liver diseases, and the therapeutic agents against them, mice have been widely used as animal models. Genetic manipulation is easy in mice via the administration of nucleic acids (NAs) in the tail-vein. In particular, hydrodynamics-based gene delivery (HGD) is a method based on the introduction of a large volume of NA-containing solution over a short period in the tail-vein. It is recognized as a powerful tool to efficiently transfect hepatocytes. Genome editing, as illustrated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) system, has also been recognized as a powerful tool to manipulate target genes in host genomes. Recently, studies have described the tail-vein-mediated introduction of genome editing components for the generation of liver tumors, correction of mutated genes causing liver dysfunction, and generation of mice with liver disease. More importantly, this HGD method can bypass the need to create mouse progeny carrying the targeted mutation in their germline. In this review, the past and present achievements of liver-targeted manipulation achieved via intravenous injection of genome editing components will be summarized.

scholarly journals Evidence of Tri-Exponential Decay for Liver Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI: A Review of Published Results and Limitations

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Olivier Chevallier ◽  
Yì Xiáng J. Wáng ◽  
Kévin Guillen ◽  
Julie Pellegrinelli ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cercueil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Motion Mri

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) have been explored to assess liver tumors and diffused liver diseases. IVIM reflects the microscopic translational motions that occur in voxels in magnetic resonance (MR) DWI. In biologic tissues, molecular diffusion of water and microcirculation of blood in the capillary network can be assessed using IVIM DWI. The most commonly applied model to describe the DWI signal is a bi-exponential model, with a slow compartment of diffusion linked to pure molecular diffusion (represented by the coefficient Dslow), and a fast compartment of diffusion, related to microperfusion (represented by the coefficient Dfast). However, high variance in Dfast estimates has been consistently shown in literature for liver IVIM, restricting its application in clinical practice. This variation could be explained by the presence of another very fast compartment of diffusion in the liver. Therefore, a tri-exponential model would be more suitable to describe the DWI signal. This article reviews the published evidence of the existence of this additional very fast diffusion compartment and discusses the performance and limitations of the tri-exponential model for liver IVIM in current clinical settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document