Diagnostic Approach According to More Frequent Metastatic Sites: Liver, Lung, Bone, and Lymph Nodes

2022 ◽  
pp. 335-379
Author(s):  
Anil Aysal ◽  
Betul Gundogdu ◽  
Burcin Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Sumeyye Ekmekci ◽  
M. Hasan Toper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Metastatic Sites

scholarly journals New insights in the expression of stromal caveolin 1 in breast cancer spread to axillary lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Giovanni Fanelli ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Michele Menicagli ◽  
Paolo Aretini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a loss of expression of caveolin in the stromal compartment (sCav-1) of human invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) may be a predictor of disease recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. At present, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of sCav-1 at the metastatic sites. We therefore studied sCav-1 expression in IBCs and in their axillary lymph nodes to seek a correlation with cancer metastasis. 189 consecutive invasive IBCs (53 with axillary lymph node metastases and 136 without) were studied by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Cav-1 antibody. In IBCs sCav-1 was evaluated in fibroblasts scattered in the tumor stroma whereas in lymph nodes sCav-1 was assessed in fibroblast-like stromal cells. For the first time, we observed a statistically significant progressive loss of sCav-1 from normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors limited to the breast to metastatic axillary lymph nodes, through normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors with axillary metastatic spread. These data indicate that Cav-1 expressed by the stromal compartment of lymph nodes, somehow, may possibly contribute to metastatic spread in IBC.

scholarly journals Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Urinary Bladder in the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1586-1590
Author(s):  
Saara Mohammed ◽  
Atiba Akii Bua
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Metastatic Sites

One of the most common cancers amongst women is breast cancer. The most common metastatic sites are the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bone. Metastatic spread to the urinary bladder is rare, and this case, as far as we are aware, is the first reported in the Caribbean. This patient developed urinary symptoms 4 years after her diagnosis of breast cancer. CT imaging showed thickening of the bladder wall, and histology confirmed metastatic breast cancer. As imaging modalities and cancer treatment improve, patients live longer with metastatic disease, and we will potentially see more unusual presentations of metastatic disease.

scholarly journals Prognostic markers of canine mammary tumours: Retrospective study of 142 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
M. S. Kovalenko ◽  
D. D. Bilyi ◽  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. N. Maslikov ◽  
N. I. Suslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Due to relevance of the problem, prediction of biological behaviour of neoplasias in mammary glands of dogs requires using contemporary approaches to the study, first of all, of ways of dissemination of tumour cells. One of them is studying the mechanisms of migration of cancer cells out of the neoplasm tissues with further dissemination and development of metastatic sites in the regional lymphatic nodes and remote tissues. We studied the survival period of bitches with tumours of the mammary glands following regional or unilateral mastectomy. Among malignant mammary tumours in bitches, the most often diagnosed were single tumours (57.5%), which histologically were classified to carcinomas – ductal (26.9%) and mixed type (21.9%). Probability of intratumoral invasion to blood vessels equaled 12.0%, to lymph vessels – 7.8%, lymph nodes – 12.8%. It depends on the histological type of the tumour, the most aggressive potentially being сomedocarcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Parameters of life expectancy and survival level after mastectomy depend on clinical stage of the disease (increase in the stage from the first to the third was characterized by decrease from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 9.4 ± 7.8 months), presence of angio/lymphatic invasions, presence of angiolymphatic invasion, but had no correlation with the size of the tumours. An important predictor of tumour-related death of dogs suffering neoplasias of the mammary glands is index vet-NPI, which has significant correlation with the clinical stage according to Owen and median survival. In particular, median survival in patients with the index lower than 4 exceeded the corresponding values in dogs with the index above 4 by 1.3 times. A promising direction of further research would be studying biological mechanisms of development of tumour emboli in the blood and lymph vessels, metastatic sites in lymph nodes, and also determining their role in pathogenesis of canine mammary tumours.

Trastuzumab and paclitaxel or vinorelbine for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective study and analysis of economic cost

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11517-11517
Author(s):  
A. Scola ◽  
H. Koussis ◽  
A. Jirillo ◽  
C. Ghiotto ◽  
S. Lonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Metastatic Sites

11517 Background: We analyses a mono institutional series of patients treated with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: From 2000 to 2006 forty consecutive patients affected by MBC were evaluated. The average age was 50 years (range: 30–79). All patients had HER2+ tumors (IHC 3+ or FISH+) and LVEF > 50%. Metastatic sites were: liver 18, lymph nodes 10, bone 9, skin 7, lung 5 pts. In 11 cases the sites of metastases were multiple (1–3). All patients were treated with Trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose and 2 mg/kg weekly thereafter with weekly Paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 or weekly Vinorelbine 25 mg/m2; specifically, Paclitaxel was used in 26 patients and Vinorelbine in 14 patients. The endpoints were time to progression (TTP), duration of response, toxicity (including cardiologic) and overall survival. Results: A total of 1271 courses of weekly Trastuzumab were administered (average 28 courses per patient: range 8–72). There were 22 complete and partial responses (CR+PR=55%). In the association of Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel were seen :11 CR, 6 PR, 3 SD and 6 PD, (RR 65.3%). In the combination of Trastuzumab and Vinorelbine: 2 CR, 3 PR, 4 SD and 5 PD (RR 35.7%) . The most responsive sites were: liver 15 CR+PR (37.5%), lung 11 CR+PR (27.5%), lymph nodes 8 CR+PR (20%), and skin 6 CR+PR (15%). TTP was 7 months (2–27 months) and response duration 6.7 months (2–26 months). Overall survival at 5 years was estimated at 26.4 months. Toxicity rates were: hematological grade 4 in 2 pts, grade 3 in 3 pts, neurological grade 3 in 19 pts. No important cardiologic toxicity was observed: LVEF was reduced to 40% in 4 pts. Seven patients developed brain metastasis during therapy. The patients in PD continued Trastuzumab with other chemotherapy, no responses were observed. The median cost of treatment with Trastuzumab for patient was 16.147 € (range 3.987–39.959 €. Conclusions: Treatment with Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated providing a good quality of life. The economic impact is important and is to define. The cost/benefit in this cohort of the patients is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Differences in Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Metastatic Sites of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjong Lee ◽  
Kwon Joong Na ◽  
Hongyoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Site ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lymph ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Introduction: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) promotes immune escape, allowing for tumor progression and metastasis. In spite of the current evidence of the complicated role of immune cells in promoting or suppressing cancer progression, the heterogeneity of TIME according to the tumor site has been scarcely investigated. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic profiles of metastatic breast cancer to understand how TIME varies according to tumor sites.Methods: Two gene expression datasets from metastatic breast cancer of various sites and a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of primary breast cancer and metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed. The immune cell-type enrichment of each tumor was estimated. Immune cell types were identified by clustering analysis, and the proportions of cell types in TIME were assessed according to the tumor site.Results: Metastatic bone lesions showed more neutrophils than breast lesions. Tumors clustered according to immune cell type were significantly associated with tumor site. In single-cell analyses, the TIMEs of metastatic lymph nodes showed fewer macrophages than those of primary tumors. Differentially expressed gene signatures in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes were associated with macrophage activation.Conclusion: We conclude that metastatic sites show variable enrichment patterns of immune cells, and that the TIME of metastatic lesions should be considered in precise immuno-oncology treatments.

scholarly journals Quantitative mass spectrometry to interrogate proteomic heterogeneity in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and validate a novel somatic mutation CDK12-G879V

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Khoa Dang Nguyen ◽  
Paul Rudnick ◽  
Nitin Roper ◽  
Emily Kawaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death both in men and women. Tumor heterogeneity is an impediment to targeted treatment of all cancers, including lung cancer. Here, we sought to characterize changes in tumor proteome and phosphoproteome by longitudinal, prospective collection of tumor tissue of an exceptional responder lung adenocarcinoma patient who survived with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma for more than seven years with HER2-directed therapy in combination with chemotherapy. We employed “Super-SILAC” and TMT labeling strategies to quantify the proteome and phosphoproteome of a lung metastatic site and ten different metastatic progressive lymph nodes collected across a span of seven years, including five lymph nodes procured at autopsy. We identified specific signaling networks enriched in lung compared to the lymph node metastatic sites. We correlated the changes in protein abundance with changes in copy number alteration (CNA) and transcript expression. To further interrogate the mass spectrometry data, patient-specific database was built incorporating all the somatic variants identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS) of genomic DNA from the lung, one lymph node metastatic site and blood. An extensive validation pipeline was built for confirmation of variant peptides. We validated 360 spectra corresponding to 55 germline and 6 somatic variant peptides. Targeted MRM assays demonstrated expression of two novel variant somatic peptides, CDK12-G879V and FASN-R1439Q, with expression in lung and lymph node metastatic sites, respectively. CDK12 G879V mutation likely results in a nonfunctional CDK12 kinase and chemotherapy susceptibility in lung metastatic sites. Knockdown of CDK12 in lung adenocarcinoma cells results in increased chemotherapy sensitivity, explaining the complete resolution of the lung metastatic sites in this patient.

Diagnostic Approach According to Uncovered Metastatic Sites: Mediastinum-Thymus, Peritoneum, Central Nervous System, and Soft Tissue

2022 ◽  
pp. 381-413
Author(s):  
M. Hasan Toper ◽  
Canan Kelten Talu ◽  
Burcin Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Yasemin Sahin ◽  
S. Mehtat Unlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Metastatic Sites
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