Association of Coral-Microbes, and the Ecological Roles of Microbial Symbionts in Corals

Aquatic and semi aquatic Hemiptera community of Sonebeel, the largest wetland of Assam, northeastern India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.3440.10.13.12792-12799 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 12792-12799

Author(s):

Anupama Saha ◽

Susmita Gupta

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Pest Control ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Northeastern India ◽

Ecological Roles

Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera bugs play significant ecological roles, and they are important indicators and pest control agents. Little information is currently available concerning its populations in southern Assam. This study assessed hemipterans in four sites of Sonebeel, the largest wetland in Assam (3458.12 ha at full storage level), situated in Karimganj District. The major inflow and outflow of the wetland are the rivers Singla and Kachua, respectively (the Kachua drains into the Kushiyara River). Samples were trapped with pond nets and were seasonally recorded. This study recorded a total of 28 species of aquatic and semiaquatic hemipterans belonging to 20 genera under nine families. Population, geographical and environmental data (e.g., rainfall) were used to assess the relative abundance of species, species richness and different diversity indices, and species distribution.

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Anabaenopeptins: What We Know So Far

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13080522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Patrick Romano Monteiro ◽

Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral ◽

Andrei Santos Siqueira ◽

Luciana Pereira Xavier ◽

Agenor Valadares Santos

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Important Class ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Peptide Synthetases ◽

Ecological Roles ◽

Cyclic Hexapeptides ◽

Key Features

Cyanobacteria are microorganisms with photosynthetic mechanisms capable of colonizing several distinct environments worldwide. They can produce a vast spectrum of bioactive compounds with different properties, resulting in an improved adaptative capacity. Their richness in secondary metabolites is related to their unique and diverse metabolic apparatus, such as Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs). One important class of peptides produced by the non-ribosomal pathway is anabaenopeptins. These cyclic hexapeptides demonstrated inhibitory activity towards phosphatases and proteases, which could be related to their toxicity and adaptiveness against zooplankters and crustaceans. Thus, this review aims to identify key features related to anabaenopeptins, including the diversity of their structure, occurrence, the biosynthetic steps for their production, ecological roles, and biotechnological applications.

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Genetic identity and genotype × genotype interactions between symbionts outweigh species level effects in an insect microbiome

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/s41396-021-00943-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie R. Smee ◽

Sally A. Raines ◽

Julia Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Species Interactions ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Parasitoid Wasp ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Genetic Identity ◽

Host Genotype ◽

Species Identity ◽

Microbial Symbionts ◽

And Performance ◽

Multiple Species

AbstractMicrobial symbionts often alter the phenotype of their host. Benefits and costs to hosts depend on many factors, including host genotype, symbiont species and genotype, and environmental conditions. Here, we present a study demonstrating genotype-by-genotype (G×G) interactions between multiple species of endosymbionts harboured by an insect, and the first to quantify the relative importance of G×G interactions compared with species interactions in such systems. In the most extensive study to date, we microinjected all possible combinations of five Hamiltonella defensa and five Fukatsuia symbiotica (X-type; PAXS) isolates into the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. We applied several ecological challenges: a parasitoid wasp, a fungal pathogen, heat shock, and performance on different host plants. Surprisingly, genetic identity and genotype × genotype interactions explained far more of the phenotypic variation (on average 22% and 31% respectively) than species identity or species interactions (on average 12% and 0.4%, respectively). We determined the costs and benefits associated with co-infection, and how these compared to corresponding single infections. All phenotypes were highly reliant on individual isolates or interactions between isolates of the co-infecting partners. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring the eco-evolutionary consequences of these highly specific interactions in communities of co-inherited species.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Yitayal S. Anteneh ◽

Qi Yang ◽

Melissa H. Brown ◽

Christopher M. M. Franco

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

South Australia ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Sponge Associated Bacteria ◽

Microbial Symbionts ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which decreases the chance of treating those infected with existing antibiotics. This resistance calls for the search of new antimicrobials from prolific producers of novel natural products including marine sponges. Many of the novel active compounds reported from sponges have originated from their microbial symbionts. Therefore, this study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites from bacteria isolated from sponges. Twelve sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments and grown on seven isolation media under four incubation conditions; a total of 1234 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of these, 169 bacteria were tested in media optimized for production of antimicrobial metabolites and screened against eleven human pathogens. Seventy bacteria were found to be active against at least one test bacterial or fungal pathogen, while 37% of the tested bacteria showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains and antifungal activity was produced by 21% the isolates. A potential novel active compound was purified possessing inhibitory activity against S. aureus. Using 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. Our study highlights that the marine sponges of South Australia are a rich source of abundant and diverse bacteria producing metabolites with antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

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Alien birds in Argentina: pathways, characteristics and ecological roles

Biological Invasions ◽

10.1007/s10530-020-02444-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariano Codesido ◽

Andrea Drozd

Keyword(s):

Ecological Roles

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Community composition and functional genes explain different ecological roles of heterotrophic bacteria attached to two bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

pp. 143850

Author(s):

Liu Yang ◽

Xiu-Yun Cao ◽

Xiao-Yan Chen ◽

Qing-Hui Deng ◽

Ling-Ling Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Functional Genes ◽

Ecological Roles

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH-1 significantly affects cucumber seedlings and the rhizosphere bacterial community but not soil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91399-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Song Xu ◽

Rong Yang ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

Dan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Ecological Roles ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

AbstractPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) inoculants have been applied worldwide. However, the ecological roles of PGPB under different soil conditions are still not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the ecological roles of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH-1 (FH) on cucumber seedlings, rhizosphere soil properties, and the bacterial community in pot experiments. The results showed that FH had significant effects on cucumber seedlings and the rhizosphere bacterial community but not on soil properties. The FH promoted cucumber seedlings growth, reduced the rhizosphere bacterial diversity, increased Proteobacteria, and decreased Acidobacteria. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed that FH enriched two taxa (GKS2_174 and Nannocystaceae) and inhibited 18 taxa (mainly Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, BRC1, Chloroflexi, Plantctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia). Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that FH increased bacteria-bacteria interactions and that Bacillus (genus of FH) had few interactions with the enriched and inhibited taxa. This might indicate that FH does not directly affect the enriched and inhibited taxa. Correlation analysis results displayed that cucumber seedlings’ weight and height/length (except root length) were significantly correlated with the 18 inhibited taxa and the enriched taxa Nannocystaceae. It was speculated that FH might promote cucumber seedling growth by indirectly enriching Nannocystaceae and inhibiting some taxa from Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, BRC1, Chloroflexi, Plantctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia.

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