Innate Immune System Response in Metal Allergy: Toll-Like Receptors

Metal Allergy ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schmidt ◽  
Matthias Goebeler
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
System Response ◽  
Metal Allergy ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Immune System Response

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Innate Immune System in Response to Ingestion of Chikungunya Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Barry W. Alto ◽  
Yongxing Jiang ◽  
Fahong Yu ◽  
Yanping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
System Response ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Immune System Response

Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of emergent mosquito-borne viruses, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. To understand how these viruses interact with their mosquito vectors, an analysis of the innate immune system response was conducted. The innate immune system is a conserved evolutionary defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to compare target transcriptomes of two Florida Ae. aegypti strains in response to chikungunya virus infection. We analyzed a strain collected from a field population in Key West, Florida, and a laboratory strain originating from Orlando. A total of 1835 transcripts were significantly expressed at different levels between the two Florida strains of Ae. aegypti. Gene Ontology analysis placed these genes into 12 categories of biological processes, including 856 transcripts (up/down regulated) with more than 1.8-fold (p-adj (p-adjust value) ≤ 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis and q-PCR data indicated that the members of the AaeCECH genes are important for chikungunya infection response in Ae. aegypti. These immune-related enzymes that the chikungunya virus infection induces may inform molecular-based strategies for interruption of arbovirus transmission by mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Human Monocytes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav A. Vasilichin ◽  
Sergey A. Tsymbal ◽  
Anna F. Fakhardo ◽  
Elizaveta I. Anastasova ◽  
Andrey S. Marchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Response ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Fragmented Data

For the widespread application of nanotechnology in biomedicine, it is necessary to obtain information about their safety. A critical problem is presented by the host immune responses to nanomaterials. It is assumed that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the interaction of nanomaterials with the host organism. However, there are only fragmented data on the activation of innate immune system factors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), by some nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we investigated TLRs’ activation by clinically relevant and promising NPs, such as Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, Ag2O, and AlOOH. Cytotoxicity and effects on innate immunity factors were studied in THP-1(Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1) cell culture. NPs caused an increase of TLR-4 and -6 expression, which was comparable with the LPS-induced level. This suggests that the studied NPs can stimulate the innate immune system response inside the host. The data obtained should be taken into account in future research and to create safe-by-design biomedical nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Lack of effect of glutamine administration to boost the innate immune system response in trauma patients in the intensive care unit

Critical Care ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. R233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Pérez-Bárcena ◽  
Catalina Crespí ◽  
Verónica Regueiro ◽  
Pedro Marsé ◽  
Joan M Raurich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
System Response ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Immune System Response

scholarly journals P0022INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES ELICITED BY TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ARE POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Tanaka ◽  
Ichiro Hada ◽  
Naoaki Mikami ◽  
Kunimasa Yan
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract Background and Aims Pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is yet to be fully elucidated. Immunological disorders are reported to be involved in the etiology of INS. Due to the efficacy of immunosuppressant agents such as calcineurin inhibitor and rituximab in treating nephrotic syndrome, aberrant activation of the acquired immune system through T and B cells are considered to be the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of INS. Nevertheless, there is a possibility that the innate immune system plays a key role in INS pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the involvement of innate immunity in INS pathogenesis by examining the expressions of toll-like receptors (TLRs). Method Kidney tissue samples from two INS patients were collected at two points of time: the first biopsy was performed during nephrosis and the second during remission. Total RNA was extracted from the kidney tissue samples, and RNA-sequencing was performed to investigate RNA expression profiles. The differences between RNA expression profiles of TLRs and molecules related to TLR pathways in the tissue samples collected during nephrosis and remission were analyzed. Results There was a significant decrease in RNA expression of TLR9 and TLR10 during remission compared to nephrosis: fold change in each patient was -2.12 and -2.12 for TLR9, and -2.51 and -2.09 for TLR10. RNA expression of TLR8 also decreased: fold change in each patient was -1.19 and -1.75. There were no significant changes in the RNA expression profiles of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. In addition, there were no differences in the RNA expression profiles of MYD88, IRAK family, and TRAF family molecules that are associated with TLR pathways. However, RNA expressions of IL6, IL1B, IL12B, and TNF, as well as the cytokines controlled by TLR8 and TLR9 pathways, which were activated during nephrosis, disappeared or decreased during remission. Conclusion The involvement of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome has been suggested in some reports. Based on the fact that the onset or recurrence of nephrosis is triggered by non-specific viral infection, it is highly possible that innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. TLRs play a key role in innate immunity as they elicit the innate immune system after detecting pathogens, induce inflammatory cytokine production, and trigger signaling pathways that activate lymphocytes via maturation of dendritic cells. Specifically, TLR8, 9, and 10 mediate pathways of the first immune response to viral infections. Our study reveals that TLRs play a pivotal role in innate immunity associated with renal tissue during the onset of nephrosis.

scholarly journals The innate immune system and neurogenesis as modulating mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in pre-clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097
Author(s):  
Juliette Giacobbe ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
Alessandra Borsini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
System Response ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful and fast-acting anti-depressant strategy, often used in treatment-resistant patients. In turn, patients with treatment-resistant depression often present an increased inflammatory response. The impact of ECT on several pathophysiological mechanisms of depression has been investigated, with a focus which has largely been on cellular and synaptic plasticity. Although changes in the immune system are known to influence neurogenesis, these processes have principally been explored independently from each other in the context of ECT. Objective: The aim of this review was to compare the time-dependent consequences of acute and chronic ECT on concomitant innate immune system and neurogenesis-related outcomes measured in the central nervous system in pre-clinical studies. Results: During the few hours following acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the expression of the astrocytic reactivity marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), were significantly increased together with the neurogenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cell proliferation. Similarly, chronic ECS caused an initial upregulation of the same astrocytic marker, immune genes, and neurogenic factors. Interestingly, over time, inflammation appeared to be dampened, while glial activation and neurogenesis were maintained, after either acute or chronic ECS. Conclusion: Regardless of treatment duration ECS would seemingly trigger a rapid increase in inflammatory molecules, dampened over time, as well as a long-lasting activation of astrocytes and production of growth and neurotrophic factors, leading to cell proliferation. This suggests that both innate immune system response and neurogenesis might contribute to the efficacy of ECT.

scholarly journals The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (25) ◽  
pp. 13766-13771 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozinsky ◽  
D. M. Underhill ◽  
J. D. Fontenot ◽  
A. M. Hajjar ◽  
K. D. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptors
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