Strengthening Students’ Self-Efficacy Through Reacting to the Past

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Schult ◽  
April Lidinsky ◽  
Lisa Fetheringill Zwicker ◽  
Elizabeth E. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Past

Self-efficacy and ability to read as factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence in an HIV-infected population

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1154-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Dworkin ◽  
Apurba Chakraborty ◽  
Diana Zychowski ◽  
Geri Donenberg ◽  
Richard Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Adherence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Determining the barriers and facilitators of antiretroviral adherence among former and current substance users may be useful in the creation of successful interventions that target this hard-to-reach population. We performed a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients (N = 123) prescribed antiretroviral therapy at four Chicago healthcare venues. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine factors associated with non-adherence based on definitions of non-adherence (any missed doses) within the past 4-day, 14-day, and 1-month time periods. Factors consistently associated with non-adherence in bivariate and multivariate analyses, regardless of duration of non-adherence definition, were lower confidence in taking medication consistently and less self-reported ability to read. These data reveal the importance of self-efficacy and ability to read (rather than specific knowledge of CD4 and viral load definitions) in the design of interventions in a population of HIV-infected persons with significant substance use.

scholarly journals Poster - Structured and Unstructured Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Victorino
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Goal

Self-regulation has been investigated on the past decades in many fields, and despite the fact thatcontributions have enlightened the understanding of a vast array of behaviors, the development ofgeneral explanatory models hardly reaches a consensus. A recent contribution on the field suggeststhat the presence or absence of a goal may lead to different self-regulatory states, in which theindividual would think and behave differently, facilitating goal achievement when there is a goal, orenvironmental adaptation, when there is not. Those states were defined as structured and unstructuredself-regulation and even though this line of research has potential to give significant contributions, it isimportant to develop a better description of those states, for example, in terms of which variables mayhave influence on the process. In an effort towards the development of a model based on the suggestedself-regulatory states, a sequence of experiments was conducted to test the moderation effects of selfcontrol(experiment 1) and self-efficacy (experiment 2) on the relation between goal presence/absenceand task performance. On experiment 1 participants were randomly selected for two groups, goal or nogoal, in which they had to perform a task with or without a specific goal. The performance on the taskwas measured and the moderation effects of self-control were investigated. On experiment 2, the sameprocedure was conducted but self-efficacy was tested as a moderator. On experiment 1 the task was tofinish a jigsaw puzzle and on experiment 2 it was the Tower of London task. At this point the resultssuggest that the model is feasible, with moderation effects found for self-control and self-efficacy. Also,the presence of a goal affected the performance on both tasks, suggesting that the model could be asignificant contribution to a better understanding of self-regulation.

scholarly journals Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Breast Cancer Fear, and Perceived Self-Efficacy With Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Middle-Aged Nigerian Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822342110436
Author(s):  
Rita Ngozi Ezema ◽  
Charles Chima Igbokwe ◽  
Tochi Emmanuel Iwuagwu ◽  
Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje ◽  
Justina Ifeoma Ofuebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cancer Fear

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem among women. However, BC screening uptake is abysmally low among Nigerian women. This study evaluated the association of BC fear and perceived self-efficacy with BC screening (clinical breast exam [CBE] and mammography) among middle-aged Nigerian women. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among middle-aged women in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. The data were collected between September 2019 and February 2020. The BC screening uptake, fear, and self-efficacy were assessed using the validated Breast Cancer Screening Questionnaire (BCSQ), Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS), and Champion’s Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale (CMSES). Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, chi-square test, and univariate analysis of variance. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine independent associations between selected sociodemographic factors, cancer fear, perceived self-efficacy, and BC screening. Results: The mean age of the participants was 55.3 years (SD: 5.75). More than half of the women (51%) reported having a BC screening in the past 12 months. However, only 12.5% and 16.9% reported having a CBE or mammogram in the past 12 months. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low level of fear was 68%, 22.3%, and 9.8%, respectively. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low self-efficacy level was 50.6%, 37.5%, and 12.0%, respectively. The multivariable logistics regression analysis showed that women aged 50-59 years and 60-64 years were 3.5 times (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07-5.89, P < .0001), and 5.92 times (AOR = 5.92 95% CI: 2.63-13.35, P < .0001), respectively, more likely to perform mammogram than those aged 40-49 years. Women with a high level of self-efficacy were 2.68 times (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.15-6.26, P < .0001) more likely to use mammographic screening than those with low self-efficacy. Although not statistically significant, women with a moderate level of BC fear were 0.56 times less likely to use mammogram than women with a low level of BC fear. Conclusion: A low proportion of women underwent CBE or mammography. Women had a high level of BC fear and a moderate level of self-efficacy for BC screening. The findings emphasize the need for health educational and psychosocial interventions that improve self-efficacy and promote regular BC screening among middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Pain Catastrophizing and Arthritis Self-Efficacy as Mediators of Sleep Disturbance and Osteoarthritis Symptom Severity

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Caitlan A Tighe ◽  
Ada Youk ◽  
Said A Ibrahim ◽  
Debra K Weiner ◽  
Ernest R Vina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Objective Sleep and pain-related experiences are consistently associated, but the pathways linking these experiences are not well understood. We evaluated whether pain catastrophizing and arthritis self-efficacy mediate the association between sleep disturbance and osteoarthritis (OA) symptom severity in patients with knee OA. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data collected from Veterans Affairs (VA) patients enrolled in a clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention in managing pain from knee OA. Participants indicated how often in the past two weeks they were bothered by trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much. We used validated scales to assess the primary outcome (OA symptom severity) and potential mediators (arthritis self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing). To test the proposed mediation model, we used parallel multiple mediation analyses with bootstrapping, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with bivariate associations with OA symptom severity. Results The sample included 517 patients (Mage = 64 years, 72.9% male, 52.2% African American). On average, participants reported experiencing sleep disturbance at least several days in the past two weeks (M = 1.41, SD = 1.18) and reported moderate OA symptom severity (M = 48.22, SD = 16.36). More frequent sleep disturbance was associated with higher OA symptom severity directly (b = 3.08, P &lt;0.001) and indirectly, through higher pain catastrophizing (b = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20 to 1.11) and lower arthritis self-efficacy (b = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.42 to 1.42). Conclusions Pain catastrophizing and arthritis self-efficacy partially mediated the association between sleep disturbance and OA symptom severity. Behavioral interventions that address pain catastrophizing and/or self-efficacy may buffer the association between sleep disturbance and OA symptom severity.

Contactless service encounters among Millennials and Generation Z: the effects of Millennials and Gen Z characteristics on technology self-efficacy and preference for contactless service

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songmee Kim ◽  
Seyoon Jang ◽  
Woojin Choi ◽  
Chorong Youn ◽  
Yuri Lee
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Use Of Technology

Purpose“Contactless service” refers to the use of technology in providing products or services without a salesperson. This study explores the mechanism underlying Millennial and Generation Z (M/Z generations) consumers' preference for contactless service over salespersons in retail stores. In addition, this study tests differences between the M/Z generations.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers predict characteristics to be antecedents of young consumer's preference for contactless service over salespersons and that the effects are mediated by technology self-efficacy. Next, a moderating variable (perceived consumer conformity) is added in the path between technology self-efficacy and the preference for contactless service. The hypotheses are tested among 142 Gen Z and 137 Millennial respondents.FindingsThe results show that M/Z generations’ characteristics significantly influence the preference for contactless service, except for security seeking. Also, interests in new technology and safety seeking are perceived higher by M/Z generations. The influence of technology self-efficacy on the preference for contactless service is moderated by social conformity.Originality/valueAs retail technology rapidly develops, the service industry is expected to change from the past, where salespersons played an important role, to contactless services. This study has academic and practical values, for the authors clarify the underlying psychological mechanisms of why young consumers prefer retail technology rather than communication with salespersons.

HIV testing self-efficacy is associated with higher HIV testing frequency and perceived likelihood to self-test among gay and bisexual men

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Jamil ◽  
Rebecca J. Guy ◽  
Benjamin R. Bavinton ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
The Past ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Self Test ◽  
And Bisexual

Background Regular testing of individuals at higher-risk of HIV is central to current prevention strategies. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which confidence in one’s perceived ability to undertake various aspects of HIV testing and self-testing (self-efficacy) affected HIV testing outcomes. We assessed factors, including self-efficacy, associated with HIV testing frequency and the likelihood to self-test among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Methods: Participants were HIV-negative GBM at an increased risk of HIV (more than five partners or condomless anal intercourse in the previous 3 months) enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of HIV self-testing. The baseline questionnaire captured data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, HIV and/or sexually transmissible infection testing history, sexual behaviour, beliefs and attitudes towards HIV and eight items capturing confidence in HIV testing ability that were combined as a single broad measure of HIV testing self-efficacy (α = 0.81). Factors associated with three or more HIV tests in the past year and the likelihood of self-testing in the future were determined using logistic regression. Results: Of 354 GBM, 34% reported three or more HIV tests in the past year, and 64% reported being ‘very likely’ to self-test. Factors independently associated with three or more HIV tests in the past year were: higher self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.08 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.14; P = 0.004); >10 male partners in the past 6 months (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.05–3.04; P = 0.031) and higher optimism regarding the effects of HIV treatments on HIV transmission (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00–1.29; P = 0.044). Only higher self-efficacy was independently associated with reporting a greater likelihood to self-test in the future (aOR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.15; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Improving self-efficacy by enhancing GBM’s knowledge and experience may lead to higher testing frequency. The self-efficacy measure used in the present study could be useful in identifying GBM likely to face difficulties with HIV testing and self-testing.

scholarly journals EFFICACIOUSLY SMUGGLING IDEAS: UNTANGLING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY, CREATIVE BOOTLEGGING AND EMBEDDED LEAD USERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150032
Author(s):  
KHATEREH GHASEMZADEH ◽  
ALDIJANA BUNJAK ◽  
GUIDO BORTOLUZZI ◽  
MATEJ ČERNE
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Lead Users ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The phenomenon of embedded lead userness has gained considerable attention in the past years. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and embedded lead userness when mediated by creative bootlegging. After analysing the data collected from 554 employees in 41 Italian and Croatian firms, our study unveils that entrepreneurial self-efficacy exerts a positive impact on embedded lead userness when mediated by creative bootlegging. Consistent with research on identity work, these results suggest that employees who show self-motivation and conviction in entrepreneurial activities tend to commit to unofficial innovation projects, which in turn, makes them act as lead users of the products and services. The study’s contributions and practical implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Mental health burden and self-efficacy among undergraduate students in the health sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
S Lioliou ◽  
V Kounali ◽  
A Liangou ◽  
J Chliaoutakis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
The Past

Abstract   Perceived professional competence and self-efficacy are complex terms, which have been widely identified in concurrent literature as predictive criteria of future development and settlement of higher education students. The current study aimed at exploring factors affecting perceived professional competence and self-efficacy of Social Work and Nursing students of the Hellenic Mediterranean University. The study employed a sample of 313 students (171 Social Work, 142 Nursing). The questionnaire explored participants' sociodemographic and academic factors, perceived professional competence and self-efficacy (Nursing Competency Self Efficacy (NCSE) Scale for Outgoing Nursing Students), mental health symptoms during the past month (Symptom Checklist List, SCL 90-R) and life stressors during the past year (Life Stress Inventory, LSI). A total of 67.3% of the participants reported life stressors during the past year, with 17.6% reporting the highest burden. All the mental health scales of SCL-90 were found to have a negative linear relationship with perceived professional competence and self-efficacy but no relationship was detected with regard to life stressors. Participants' age, working status, subject and year of studies, as well as prior knowledge and high preference of the study subject, were shown to be significantly related with perceived professional competence and self-efficacy. The study has several implications for the educational and the health policy. Key messages Mental illness is a major public health concern with significant impact on students’ academic achievement. University-based mental health services could reach students in need and facilitate early intervention.

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