Small State, Smart Influence: China’s Belt and Road Extended to New Zealand

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-197
Author(s):  
Jake Lin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small State ◽  
Belt And Road

scholarly journals Being a Small State: Discussion on the Role of Size

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Justinas Lingevičius
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State

This paper discusses theoretical debates regarding small states and their foreign policy and also argues that research should include more analysis of small states’ identities and the dominant meanings related to being a small state. Using poststructuralistic theoretical perspective and discourse analysis, two empirical cases – Lithuania and New Zealand – are analysed with attention paid to the meanings of smallness and the ways these meanings are constructed. Empirical analysis follows with suggestions for how future research of small states could be improved.

scholarly journals SINGAPORE ENGAGES THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: PERCEPTIONS, POLICIES, AND INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
HONG LIU ◽  
XIN FAN ◽  
GUANIE LIM
Keyword(s):  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Small State ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Belt And Road

This article argues that Singapore, courtesy of its strong state capacity and long-standing connections with China, has promoted effective polices and coordinated mutually reinforcing institutional mechanisms in engaging with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). While some of these institutions predate the BRI, they have been continuously enhanced or modified to meaningfully foster Singapore-China cooperation. In certain cases, new institutions have been created to fulfill specific demands the existing institutions cannot adequately serve. These two types of institutions not only complement each other but also promote cooperation between the bureaucrats, politicians, transnational corporations, government-linked corporations, small- and medium-sized private firms and business associations. The article also illustrates the flexibility of the ‘networked state’ in formulating collaborative ties linking key international and domestic actors, demonstrating how a small state like Singapore can partner China effectively and deepen its strategic importance to the BRI to enhance its own strategic and economic interests. Lastly, the article highlights the two key conditions in BRI-related nations for their successful engagement: the existence of mutual interests between China and a counterpart nation bolstered by conducive perceptions and policies, and the institutionalization of competent mechanisms to materialize and operationalize these interests.

Small State Intelligence: New Zealand in SEATO Security Affairs

Pacific Focus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
İ. Aytaç Kadıoğlu ◽  
Egemen B. Bezci
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small State ◽  
Security Affairs

scholarly journals Dinamika Kerjasama Keamanan Selandia Baru-Amerika Serikat Sejak Tahun 2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darang Sahdana Candra
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Small State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
International Structure ◽  
Balance Of Interest

New Zealand's security relations with the United States was halted when the former's antinuclear policies during late 1980s caused the US to suspend their security commitments. However, changes in international structure affected the once-broken security relations. Since the beginning of the 21st century, rapprochement in security cooperation has occurred between New Zealand and the US. This article analyzes the underlying causes of the rapprochement through Neoclassical Realism's paradigm and balance of interest theory. Changes in international structure, especially the reemergence of China, as well as New Zealand's domestic politics reactions concerning the said changes, are the factors that shape New Zealand's rapprochement to the US. As a small state, New Zealand's respond towards the changes in international structure is supposed to be either bandwagoning or distancing. However, New Zealand chooses to bandwagon the US as well as establishing the policies of engagement with China.

scholarly journals New Zealand Elite Perceptions on the EU: A Longitudinal Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Serena Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Small State ◽  
Agriculture Policy ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractSince the end of the cold war, the European Union’s (EU’s) global aspirations and capabilities have grown. This shift has seen the EU becoming an increasingly integral part of the international arena, both economically and politically. However, there has been a notable geopolitical shift in recent years towards the growing importance of Asia. New Zealand, geographically distant but traditionally culturally aligned with the EU, the nation that has traditionally enjoyed close economic, political and social relations with the EU but is increasingly focused on Asia, presents a unique perspective on this perceived realignment of power. This paper offers a unique perspective on the effectiveness of the EU’s international outreach. Using international relations’ ‘small state theory’ as an analytical tool, the paper draws on a series of longitudinal elite interviews conducted with New Zealand’s political, economic, civil society and media elites over a decade. The paper qualitatively and quantitatively assesses whether the EU remains perceived as a relevant, important global actor in the eyes of New Zealand’s elite. The paper makes a number of observations. Firstly, as a small state, New Zealand’s foreign policy focus has tended to be preoccupied with economics and this preoccupation has meant a notable shift away from Europe. Second, although over the course of the interviews negative discussions about the EU’s Common Agriculture Policy decreased, on the other hand there was increasingly less discussion about the EU’s potential and a more concerted discussion about the importance of Asia to the New Zealand’s economy and future. There are a number of reasons to account for this changing perception towards the EU,however, the internal friction currently facing the European Union and eurozone was consistently noted. Finally, although over time the interviewed elites believed that the EU’s importance is diminishing, this acknowledgement was often made with regret.

Joseph Burney Trapp 1925–2005

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McGrath
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Small State ◽  
Maternal Grandfather ◽  
University College

Joseph Burney Trapp (1925–2005), a Fellow of the British Academy, was librarian; editor and teacher; scholar of humanism, letters, and the humanities; and an enlightened but efficient administrator. His career, or rather his life from first encounter, was bound up with the Warburg Institute in London. Trapp was born in New Zealand, at Carterton, near Wellington, on July 16, 1925. His maternal grandfather had founded an agency there for registering and distributing land tenure, which his father, Burney Trapp, had joined. Trapp attended Dannevirke School, a small state boarding school where his elder sister Phyllis taught English. He went on, with a national scholarship, to Victoria University College, Wellington, graduating in 1946 in English and Greek, with subsidiary qualifications in Latin and French. From the late 1950s, Thomas More's work, both in English and Latin, became a preoccupation. It was at this time that Trapp was commissioned to edit the volume on the Apology for the Complete Works of More for Yale University Press.

China’s ‘Coercive Tourism’: motives, methods and consequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Paradise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Belt And Road

Abstract This article considers 13 instances in which China has used tourist sanctions as an instrument of its foreign policy. It finds that the effectiveness of those sanctions has been limited by target state considerations including the ability to diversify source markets, constraining effects of international alliances, and national security, sovereignty and territorial considerations, matters which are also of importance to China. The article highlights the ways in which the Chinese government regulates outbound travelers through directives, travel advisories, granting or denying countries Approved Destination Status and disseminating information through the state-owned media and indicates that social actors such as consumers and netizens play a role as well. It also investigates the goals of China’s actions which usually have to do with protecting core interests broadly defined. Among the cases covered are ones involving Japan, the Philippines, Turkey, Taiwan, South Korea, the Vatican, Palau, North Korea, Australia, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Sweden. Not covered are Belt and Road countries with whom China is practicing positive forms of tourist statecraft which may be more effective.

scholarly journals The Biden Administration and New Zealand’s Strategic Options: Asymmetric Hedging, Tight Five Eyes, Alignment and Armed Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Steff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Small State ◽  
New Era ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Strategic Options

New Zealand confronts a seemingly inescapable dilemma: its security interests link it to traditional partners – Australia and the US – while ties between these two and China, Wellington’s largest export market, are deteriorating. This article considers what this new era of competition means for New Zealand and assesses the risks, costs and benefits of three strategic options open to Wellington: (1) asymmetric hedge (the status quo), (2) tight Five Eyes alignments (hewing closer to traditional partners) and (3) armed neutrality (a bold proposition for greater self-reliance). It also addresses what the new Biden administration, which is portraying China to be a military and ideological threat to democracy and the international liberal rules-based order, means for New Zealand’s management of its ties between Washington and Beijing. Through its analysis, the article contributes to policy debates in New Zealand over its options and to the literature on small state alignments and hedging strategies.

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