Computational Theory of Meaning Articulation: A Human Estimation Approach to Fuzzy Arithmetic

2009 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Tero Joronen
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Arithmetic ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Human Estimation

A Computational Theory of Meaning

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-78
Author(s):  
Pieter Adriaans
Keyword(s):  
Kolmogorov Complexity ◽  
Theory Of Measurement ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Learning Agents ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Formal Framework

A computational theory of meaning tries to understand the phenomenon of meaning in terms of computation. Here we give an analysis in the context of Kolmogorov complexity. This theory measures the complexity of a data set in terms of the length of the smallest program that generates the data set on a universal computer. As a natural extension, the set of all programs that produce a data set on a computer can be interpreted as the set of meanings of the data set. We give an analysis of the Kolmogorov structure function and some other attempts to formulate a mathematical theory of meaning in terms of two-part optimal model selection. We show that such theories will always be context dependent: the invariance conditions that make Kolmogorov complexity a valid theory of measurement fail for this more general notion of meaning. One cause is the notion of polysemy: one data set (i.e., a string of symbols) can have different programs with no mutual information that compresses it. Another cause is the existence of recursive bijections between ℕ and ℕ2 for which the two-part code is always more efficient. This generates vacuous optimal two-part codes. We introduce a formal framework to study such contexts in the form of a theory that generalizes the concept of Turing machines to learning agents that have a memory and have access to each other’s functions in terms of a possible world semantics. In such a framework, the notions of randomness and informativeness become agent dependent. We show that such a rich framework explains many of the anomalies of the correct theory of algorithmic complexity. It also provides perspectives for, among other things, the study of cognitive and social processes. Finally, we sketch some application paradigms of the theory.

A Computational Theory of Language

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Pulman
Keyword(s):  
Computational Theory ◽  
Theory Of Language

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Tzohar
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Theory Of Meaning

This, the conclusion of this book, draws out those features and themes that are common to the various accounts of metaphor presented in the preceding chapters and examines their possible applications. The text also briefly examines further ways in which these features may be applied to deepen and enrich our understanding of the Buddhist and more generally Indian philosophical engagement with figurative language. As a quick case study, the final part of the discussion explores how the Yogācāra theory of meaning sheds light on the concrete use of distinct figures, focusing on a list of similes prevalent in the school’s literature.

A Yogācāra Buddhist Theory of Metaphor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Tzohar
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Philosophical Texts

This book is about what metaphors mean and do within Buddhist texts. More specifically, it is about the fundamental Buddhist ambivalence toward language, which is seen as obstructive and yet necessary for liberation, as well as the ingenious response to this tension that one Buddhist philosophical school—the early Indian Yogācāra (3rd–6th century CE)—proposed by arguing that all language use is in fact metaphorical (upacāra). Exploring the profound implications of this claim, the book presents the full-fledged Yogācāra theory of meaning—one that is not merely linguistic, but also perceptual.Despite the overwhelming visibility of figurative language in Buddhist philosophical texts, its role and use have received relatively little attention in scholarship to date. This book is the first sustained and systematic attempt to present an indigenous Buddhist philosophical theory of metaphor. By grounding the Yogācāra’s pan-metaphorical claim in its broader intellectual context, both Buddhist and non-Buddhist, the discussion reveals an intense Indian philosophical conversation about metaphor and language that reached across sectarian lines, and it also demonstrates its potential contribution to contemporary philosophical discussions of related topics. The analysis of this theory of metaphor radically reframes the Yogācāra controversy with the Madhyamaka; sheds light on the school’s application of particular metaphors, as well as its unique understanding of experience; and establishes the place of Sthiramati as an original Buddhist thinker of note in his own right, alongside Asaṅga and Vasubandhu.

Events and framing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Pietroski
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Adverbial Modification ◽  
Plausible Theory

Examples of adverbial modification, as in ‘Alvin chased Theodore gleefully yesterday’, were supposed to illustrate virtues of the Davidsonian conjecture reviewed in chapter four. But it is argued that such examples provide further evidence against the conjecture. A theory of meaning, for an expression-generating procedure that children can acquire, is concerned with how expressions like ‘Alvin chased Theodore’ are understood (not how the expressions are related to the events that occurred). A theory of truth is concerned with how expressions are related to the events that occurred (not how the expressions are understood). If one forces a plausible theory of meaning to also serve as a theory of truth, then ordinary action reports present deep metaphysical puzzles, as opposed to mundane “framing effects” that reveal the representational format that humans use to understand linguistic expressions.

The Structure of Truth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Truth Theory ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
First Time

Donald Davidson’s 1970 Locke Lectures appear in print for the first time in this volume, accompanied by an introduction highlighting their significance as a snapshot of his evolving views in the philosophy of language and describing their relationship to the work he published during his lifetime. The lectures comprise an invaluable historical document that illuminates how Davidson was thinking about the theory of meaning, the role of a truth theory therein, the ontological commitments of a truth theory, the notion of logical form, and so on, at a pivotal moment in the development of his thought. Unlike Davidson’s previously published work, they are written so as to be presented to an audience as a fully organized and coherent exposition of his program in the philosophy of language. Had these lectures been widely available in the years following 1970, the reception of Davidson’s work, especially in the philosophy of language, might have been very different. Given the systematic nature of the presentation of Davidson’s semantic program in these lectures, it is hoped that they will be of use to those encountering his thought for the first time.

scholarly journals Vibro-Acoustical Sensitivities of Stiffened Aircraft Structures Due to Attached Mass-Spring-Dampers with Uncertain Parameters

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Johannes Seidel ◽  
Stephan Lippert ◽  
Otto von Estorff
Keyword(s):  
System Response ◽  
Fuzzy Arithmetic ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances ◽  
Suitable Framework ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
The Impact

The slightest manufacturing tolerances and variances of material properties can indeed have a significant impact on structural modes. An unintentional shift of eigenfrequencies towards dominant excitation frequencies may lead to increased vibration amplitudes of the structure resulting in radiated noise, e.g., reducing passenger comfort inside an aircraft’s cabin. This paper focuses on so-called non-structural masses of an aircraft, also known as the secondary structure that are attached to the primary structure via clips, brackets, and shock mounts and constitute a significant part of the overall mass of an aircraft’s structure. Using the example of a simplified fuselage panel, the vibro-acoustical consequences of parameter uncertainties in linking elements are studied. Here, the fuzzy arithmetic provides a suitable framework to describe uncertainties, create combination matrices, and evaluate the simulation results regarding target quantities and the impact of each parameter on the overall system response. To assess the vibrations of the fuzzy structure and by taking into account the excitation spectra of engine noise, modal and frequency response analyses are conducted.

scholarly journals Indexicality, meaning, use

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Ciecierski
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe article presents two concepts of indexicality. The first, more standard and narrow, identifies indexicality with systematic (meaning controlled) context-sensitivity. The second, broader (derived from the work of Jerzy Pelc), conceives indexicality in terms of the potential variability of the general semiotic characteristics expressions (with respect to the context of use). The text introduces the concept of a pragmatic matrix that serves for a schematic representation of contextual variation. I also recapitulate briefly the views of Jerzy Pelc on the meaning (manner of use) and use of expressions, and briefly indicate its relationship approaches with contemporary debates around contextualism and status of non-sentential speech acts. Finally, the relationship between the broader notion of indexicality and the directival theory of meaning is analyzed.

Towards a computational theory of social groups: A finite set of cognitive primitives for representing any and all social groups in the context of conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
David Pietraszewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Mistaken Belief ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract We don't yet have adequate theories of what the human mind is representing when it represents a social group. Worse still, many people think we do. This mistaken belief is a consequence of the state of play: Until now, researchers have relied on their own intuitions to link up the concept social group on the one hand, and the results of particular studies or models on the other. While necessary, this reliance on intuition has been purchased at considerable cost. When looked at soberly, existing theories of social groups are either (i) literal, but not remotely adequate (such as models built atop economic games), or (ii) simply metaphorical (typically a subsumption or containment metaphor). Intuition is filling in the gaps of an explicit theory. This paper presents a computational theory of what, literally, a group representation is in the context of conflict: it is the assignment of agents to specific roles within a small number of triadic interaction types. This “mental definition” of a group paves the way for a computational theory of social groups—in that it provides a theory of what exactly the information-processing problem of representing and reasoning about a group is. For psychologists, this paper offers a different way to conceptualize and study groups, and suggests that a non-tautological definition of a social group is possible. For cognitive scientists, this paper provides a computational benchmark against which natural and artificial intelligences can be held.

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