The Structure of Truth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Truth Theory ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
First Time

Donald Davidson’s 1970 Locke Lectures appear in print for the first time in this volume, accompanied by an introduction highlighting their significance as a snapshot of his evolving views in the philosophy of language and describing their relationship to the work he published during his lifetime. The lectures comprise an invaluable historical document that illuminates how Davidson was thinking about the theory of meaning, the role of a truth theory therein, the ontological commitments of a truth theory, the notion of logical form, and so on, at a pivotal moment in the development of his thought. Unlike Davidson’s previously published work, they are written so as to be presented to an audience as a fully organized and coherent exposition of his program in the philosophy of language. Had these lectures been widely available in the years following 1970, the reception of Davidson’s work, especially in the philosophy of language, might have been very different. Given the systematic nature of the presentation of Davidson’s semantic program in these lectures, it is hoped that they will be of use to those encountering his thought for the first time.

Exploring Gregory of Nyssa

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Trinity

This collection brings together an interdisciplinary team of historians, classicists, philosophers, and theologians for a holistic exploration of the thought of Gregory of Nyssa. Topics covered—some here examined for the first time—include: Gregory’s role in the main philosophical and religious controversies of his era, such as his ecclesiastical involvement in the Neo-Nicene apologetical movement; his complex relationships—for example with his brother Basil of Caesarea and with Gregory of Nazianzus; Gregory’s debt to Origen, but also the divergence between the two thinkers, and their relationships to Platonism; his wider philosophy and metaphysics; deep questions in philosophy of language such as the nature of predication and singular terms that inform our understanding of Gregory’s thought; the role of metaphysical concepts such as the nature of powers and identity; the nature of the soul, and connection to theological issues such as resurrection; questions that are still of interest in the philosophy of religion today, such as divine impassibility and the nature of the Trinity; returning to more immediately humane concerns, Gregory also has profound thoughts on topics such as vulnerability and self-direction. All of this paints a picture of Gregory as a groundbreaking philosopher-theologian.

scholarly journals Anaphoric Dependence and Logical Form

Disputatio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Manuel García-Carpintero
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Referential Expressions

Abstract In the core chapters 4–6, Iacona (2018) argues against the “Uniqueness Thesis” (UT), stating that “there is a unique notion of logical form that fulfils both the logical role and the semantic role” (39), where the former “concerns the formal explanation of logical properties and logical relations, such as validity or contradiction” (37), and the latter “concerns the formulation of a compositional theory of meaning” (ibid.). He argues for this on the basis of relations of coreference among referential expressions, names and indexicals. From what I take to be a fundamental agreement on most relevant issues, here I will nonetheless press him to clarify the notions of intrinsicness and the logical and semantic role of logical form on which he relies.

It’s a Bear . . . No, It’s a Man . . . No, It’s a Metaphor!

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Tzohar
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
First Time

This chapter deals with the Yogācāra understanding of metaphor as expressed in one of the school’s earliest sources: the Tattvārthapaṭalaṃ chapter of the Bodhisattvabhūmi (BBh), along with its commentarial sections in the Viniścayasaṃgrahaṇī (VS), both ascribed to Asaṅga. The analysis of the metaphor-related passages in both texts—some of which are translated here into English for the first time—serves to present a unique Buddhist understanding of the performative philosophical role of figurative language and of its relation to the possibility of the ineffable. The chapter demonstrates that the writings attributed to Asaṅga put forth an influential philosophy of language that anticipates and lays the foundation for the school’s subsequent pan-metaphorical claim.

Mark Platts. Introduction. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 1–18. - Colin McGinn. Truth and use. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 19–40. - Christopher Peacocke. Causal modalities and realism. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 41–68. - Hartry Field. Tarski's theory of truth. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 83–110. (Reprinted from The journal of philosophy, vol. 69 (1972), pp. 347–375.) - John McDowell. Physicalism and primitive denotation: Field on Tarski. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 111–130. (Reprinted from Erkenntnis, vol. 13 (1978), pp. 131–152.) - Donald Davidson. Reality without reference. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 131–140. (Reprinted from Dialectica, vol. 31 (1977), pp. 247–258.) - John McDowell. On the sense and reference of a proper name. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 141–166. (Reprinted from Mind, n.s. vol. 86 (1977), pp. 159–185.) - Tyler Burge. Truth and singular terms. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 167–181. (Reprinted with slight changes from Noûs, vol. 8 (1974), pp. 309–325.) - Barry Taylor. Truth-theory for indexical languages. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 182–198. - Colin McGinn. Operators, predicates and truth-theory. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 199–205. - John McDowell. Quotation and saying that. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 206–237. - Gareth Evans. Pronouns, quantifiers and relative clauses (I). Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 255–317. (Reprinted with slight changes from Canadian journal of philosophy, vol. 7 (1977), pp. 467–536.) - David Wiggins. ‘Most’ and ‘all’: some comments on a familiar programme, and on the logical form of quantified sentences. Reference, truth and reality, Essays on the philosophy of language, edited by Mark Platts, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, Boston, and Henley, 1980, pp. 318–346.

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Adam Morton
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
John Mcdowell ◽  
Truth Theory ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Gareth Evans ◽  
Hartry Field ◽  
Christopher Peacocke ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Sense And Reference

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Aboutness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yablo
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Made In

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. However, it has played no real role in philosophical semantics, which is surprising. This is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection—about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. This book maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results—directed content—is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. The book represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Physical Warmth Attenuates Ethnocentric Bias under Mortality Salience: An Embodied Terror Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Margaux Renoux ◽  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
First Time

Research indicates that individuals often deal with mortality salience by affirming beliefs in national or cultural superiority (worldview defense). Because worldview defense may be associated with negative consequences (discrimination), it is important to identify alternative means to deal with death-related thoughts. In line with an embodied terror management perspective, we evaluate for the first time the role of physical warmth in reducing defensive reaction to mortality salience. We predicted that, like social affiliation (social warmth), physical warmth could reduce worldview defense when mortality is salient. In this exploratory (preregistered) study, 202 French participants were primed with death-related thoughts, or an aversive control topic, in a heated room or a non-heated room. The main outcome was worldview defense (ethnocentric bias). We found no main effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. However, physical warmth reduced worldview defense when mortality was salient. Implications for an embodied terror management perspective are discussed.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

Smolensk Proper Names in A.T. Tvardovsky’s Poems

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Inna A. Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
Long Poems ◽  
First Time

This article is dedicated to the 110th birthday anniversary of a great Russian poet, native of Smolensk, one of the founders of the Smolensk Poetic School Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971). It examines how Smolensk motifs and Tvardovsky’s love for his home town are reflected in his works at the onomastic level. Smolensk-onyms reflected in long poems are analysed here, the focus being on anthroponyms and toponyms naming the characters and indicating the locations associated with Smolensk region. A close connection between the choice of proper names and Tvardovsky’s biography is established. An attempt is made to demonstrate how, using onomastic units introduced by the author into the storyline of his artistic text, the general principles of autobiography and chronotopy are realized, which have been noted earlier in critiques of Tvardovsky’s literary works. The onomastic component of the poems is analysed thoroughly and comprehensively, which helps us to decode the conceptual chain writer – name – text – reader and identify the author’s attitude to the characters and the ideological and thematic content of the works, as well as some of the author’s personal characteristics, tastes and passions. At the onomastic level, the thesis about the role of Smolensk motifs in Tvardovsky’s literary works is once more substantiated. A review is presented of onomastic studies analysing proper names of different categories in Tvardovsky’s poems (mainly conducted by the representatives of the Voronezh Onomastic School and the author of this article). It should be noted that Smolensk proper names in the entire body of Tvardovsky’s poetry are analysed for the first time.

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