Microbial Antagonists in Animal Health Promotion and Plant Protection

2009 ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Klose ◽  
Markus Neureiter ◽  
Michaela Mohnl ◽  
Herbert Danner ◽  
Christina Donat
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

scholarly journals Solid Dispersions of Anthelmintics and Plant Protection Preparations

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Salavat S. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Because of the rapid development of nanotechnologies, materials, in particular, solid dispersions (SDs), which are actively introduced into the life of modern man, have been obtained. Special progress in this area is observed in industry and medicine. The use of SDs in agriculture is lagging far behind, despite the growing number of scientific papers on this topic. At the same time, the prospects for the introduction of SDs in the agro-industrial complex are obvious. The review presents the results of research on the development of innovative preparations based on SD to protect plants from diseases and pests of cultivated plants, as well as parasiticides to protect animal health based on modern achievements of nanotechnology. One of these technologies is the methods of mechanochemistry, which improve the properties of poorly soluble biologically active substances by their joint mechanical treatment with water-soluble polymers and auxiliary substances.

scholarly journals Federal legal authorities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Subnational Governance

AbstractThe ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

scholarly journals Health principles as one of the major factors affecting the development of organic agriculture in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
Yevhen Mylovanov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Major Factors

Taking into account some of the important parameters of human health, the study presents a comparative analysis of organic and conventional agricultural production, and highlights how organic management practices affect balanced food systems. It is pointed out that consumption of organic food can reduce the risk of developing allergies, overweight and obesity. Even though organic food products are much healthier to eat, there is still a need to provide more evidence why organic food is more beneficial. The author considers research experiments on animals and concludes that animal feed from organic and conventional agricultural production influences animals differently. It is noted that in organic agricultural production the use of synthetic pesticides is prohibited, whereas in conventional agricultural production pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables are the main source of chemicals affecting human health. The study reviews changes in the use of plant protection products by domestic farms and compares the intensity of pesticide consumption in Ukraine and other countries of the world in recent years. According to epidemiological studies, pesticides have an adverse effect on cognitive development of children and carcinogenic risks to public health. However, this data has not been used in official risk assessments for individual pesticides. It is also stressed that promoting organic agricultural production reduces the professional impact of pesticides on agricultural workers and rural residents. Particular attention is drawn to the issue of using antibiotics in conventional animal farming, which is considered to be one of the major factors explaining why people have developed resistance to antibiotics, as opposed to organic animal farming, where the use of antibiotics is very limited. The author claims that organic agricultural production has a number of documented and potential advantages for human health, and is therefore more likely to improve health outcomes. Based on the findings that production and consumption of organic food has a potential positive effect on people’s health, a number of recommendations are made concerning guidelines for further research that will contribute to promoting and maintaining human health, animal health, protecting the earth and environment.

scholarly journals Prawne instrumenty ochrony środowiska przed skutkami nadmiernej chemizacji w rolnictwie na przykładzie regulacji środków ochrony roślin

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Monika Anna Król
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Made In

<p class="Default">Chemical plant protection products used in agricultural production have an impact on human health and life, but also undeniably on the state of individual elements of the environment, including biodiversity. Pollinating insects are representative of the animal world particularly sensitive to modern environmental threats generated by agriculture. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the legal regulation relating to plant protection products, made in terms of preventing excessive chemisation in agriculture, and consequently ensuring food safety. The subject of the study are the legal conditions for the admission and use of substances that ensure simultaneous benefits for plant production, in the absence of harmful effects on human and animal health and unacceptable effects on the environment. Particular attention has been paid to the authorization, on special terms, of preparations containing neonicotinoids.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 884-893
Author(s):  
Monika Grzanka ◽  
Łukasz Sobiech ◽  
Jakub Danielewicz ◽  
Joanna Horoszkiewicz-Janka ◽  
Grzegorz Skrzypczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield of agricultural crops, especially cereals. One of the most dangerous are pathogens of the Fusarium genus. They contribute to the infestation of plants, reduction of yields, and contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human beings and animal health. The absence of active substances, the problem of pathogen resistance to fungicides, and the pressure of society to limit the use of chemical plant protection products are the most important issues in agriculture. This has resulted in research aimed at finding natural methods to control plant pathogens gaining importance. One of them is the use of essential oils. In laboratory experiments, clove essential oil and pine essential oil were used. The influence of different concentrations of the above-mentioned substances on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium species (F. equiseti, F. poae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum) was analyzed and the germination of wheat and maize seeds infected with the pathogens of the genus Fusarium was assessed. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of the Fusarium species and reduced germination parameters than pine oil.

scholarly journals The Concentration-Dependent Effects of Essential Oils on the Growth of Fusarium graminearum and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis in Wheat and Maize Grain

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Daniela Gwiazdowska ◽  
Katarzyna Marchwińska ◽  
Krzysztof Juś ◽  
Pascaline Aimee Uwineza ◽  
Romuald Gwiazdowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The presence of Fusarium fungi and their toxic metabolites in agricultural crops contributes to significant quantitative and qualitative losses of crops, causing a direct threat to human and animal health and life. Modern strategies for reducing the level of fungi and mycotoxins in the food chain tend to rely on natural methods, including plant substances. Essential oils (EOs), due to their complex chemical composition, show high biological activity, including fungistatic properties, which means that they exhibit high potential as a biological plant protection factor. The aim of this study was to determine the fungistatic activity of three EOs against F. graminearum, and the reduction of mycotoxin biosynthesis in corn and wheat grain. All tested EOs effectively suppressed the growth of F. graminearum in concentrations of 5% and 10%. Cinnamon and verbena EOs also effectively reduced the ergosterol (ERG) content in both grains at the concentration of 1%, while at the 0.1% EO concentration, the reduction in the ERG amount depended on the EO type as well as on the grain. The degree of zearalenone (ZEA) reduction was consistent with the inhibition of ERG biosynthesis, while the reduction in deoxynivalenol (DON) was not consistent with this parameter.

scholarly journals Official controls on food safety: Competent Authority measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rossi ◽  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Alfonso Rosamilia ◽  
Massimo Renato Micheli
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

Since December 14th, 2019, Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 has been replaced by Regulation (EU) 2017/625, which sets the activity of the official control on food safety, extending the scope of the previous regulation. The broader scope of the new regulation aims to ensure compliance across the European Member States in the Union in the fields of food, feed, animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products. The administrative measures that the Competent Authorities adopt following the finding of a non-compliance regarding food hygiene, should be take into account not only the risk assessment, but a series of criteria dictated by both European and national legislation and comply with the generals principles governing administrative action. The aim of this study is to conduct a legal analysis of: (i) the provisions set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/625 concerning executive actions in the case of noncompliance, and (ii) the criteria used to assess the appropriate remedial measures. The study was completed by analysing recent legal cases on food safety, which in many cases have censure the work of the Local Competent Authority, and has brought to light a distorted and uneven application of the legislation on food safety, especially in cases in which drastic measures had been adopted, such as the closure of the productive activities, which has a heavy impact on the food business operators in the food sector concerned. In addition to an incorrect application of the specific health legislation, there is also a violation of the principle of proportionality, of community origin. Indeed, the principle of proportionality, an essential factor in administrative review, which has been used as a leading criterion in the adoption of administrative measures by of the Health Authorities of the Competent Authority.

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