scholarly journals Steerable Intravitreal Inserts for Drug Delivery: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Mobility Experiments

2011 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Bergeles ◽  
Michael P. Kummer ◽  
Bradley E. Kratochvil ◽  
Carsten Framme ◽  
Bradley J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo

scholarly journals Polymer-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Application and Demonstration of Stimuli-Responsiveness

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Louise Van Gheluwe ◽  
Igor Chourpa ◽  
Coline Gaigne ◽  
Emilie Munnier
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

Progress in recent years in the field of stimuli-responsive polymers, whose properties change depending on the intensity of a signal, permitted an increase in smart drug delivery systems (SDDS). SDDS have attracted the attention of the scientific community because they can help meet two current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry: targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine. Controlled release of the active ingredient can be achieved through various stimuli, among which are temperature, pH, redox potential or even enzymes. SDDS, hitherto explored mainly in oncology, are now developed in the fields of dermatology and cosmetics. They are mostly hydrogels or nanosystems, and the most-used stimuli are pH and temperature. This review offers an overview of polymer-based SDDS developed to trigger the release of active ingredients intended to treat skin conditions or pathologies. The methods used to attest to stimuli-responsiveness in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo are discussed.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL MODIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE POTENTIALITY OF ASSAM BORA RICE STARCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Baquee Ahmed ◽  
Iman Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Ft Ir

Objective: The objective of the present study was to chemical modification, characterization and evaluation of mucoadhesive potentiality of Assam bora rice starch as potential excipients in the sustained release drug delivery system. Methods: The starch was isolated from Assam bora rice and esterified using thioglycolic acid and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The 10% w/v gel formulation based on modified bora rice starch loaded with irinotecan (0.6%) was prepared and evaluated for various rheological properties, ex-vivo mucoadhesion using goat intestine and in vitro drug release study in phosphate buffer pH 6.8.Results: The chemical modification was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR studies with the presence of the peak at 2626.74 cm-1 and a singlet at 2.51 respectively due to–SH group. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion studies showed 6.6 fold increases in mucoadhesion of the modified starch with compared to native starch (46.3±6.79g for native starch; 308.7±95.31g for modified starch). In vitro study showed 89.12±0.84 % of drug release after 6 h in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and the release kinetics followed Non-Fickian diffusion.Conclusion: The modified Assam bora rice starch enhanced a mucoadhesive property of the native starch and thus, can be explored in future as a potential excipient for the sustained release mucoadhesive drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Development of Piperine-Loaded Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Optimization, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, and In-Vivo Evaluation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Ameeduzzafar Zafar ◽  
Syed Sarim Imam ◽  
Nabil K. Alruwaili ◽  
Omar Awad Alsaidan ◽  
Mohammed H. Elkomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Globule Size

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that needs long-term medication. Oral delivery is the most common route for the administration of drugs. The present research is to develop piperine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PE-SNEDDS) using glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), poloxamer 188, and transcutol HP as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The formulation was optimized by three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. PE-SNEDDs were characterized for globule size, emulsification time, stability, in-vitro release, and ex-vivo intestinal permeation study. The optimized PE-SNEDDS (OF3) showed the globule size of 70.34 ± 3.27 nm, percentage transmittance of 99.02 ± 2.02%, and emulsification time of 53 ± 2 s Finally, the formulation OF3 was transformed into solid PE-SNEDDS (S-PE-SNEDDS) using avicel PH-101 as adsorbent. The reconstituted SOF3 showed a globule size of 73.56 ± 3.54 nm, PDI of 0.35 ± 0.03, and zeta potential of −28.12 ± 2.54 mV. SEM image exhibited the PE-SNEDDS completely adsorbed on avicel. Thermal analysis showed the drug was solubilized in oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. S-PE-SNEDDS formulation showed a more significant (p < 0.05) release (97.87 ± 4.89% in 1 h) than pure PE (27.87 ± 2.65% in 1 h). It also exhibited better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and antioxidant activity as compared to PE dispersion. The in vivo activity in rats exhibited better (p < 0.05) antihypertensive activity as well as 4.92-fold higher relative bioavailability than pure PE dispersion. Finally, from the results it can be concluded that S-PE-SNEDDS might be a better approach for the oral delivery to improve the absorption and therapeutic activity.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Intranasal Administration of Olanzapine in the management of Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbjot Kaur ◽  
Ujjwal Nautiyal ◽  
Pooja A. Chawla ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Ex Vivo Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Vitro Release

Background: Background: Olanzapine belongs to a new class of dual spectrum antipsychotic agents. It is known to show promise in managing both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Drug delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are expected to provide rapid nose-to-brain transport of this drug and improved distribution into and within the brain. Objective: The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of olanzapine loaded NLC via the intranasal route for schizophrenia. Methods: Olanzapine-NLC were formulated through the solvent injection method using isopropyl alcohol as the solvent, stearic acid as solid lipid, and oleic acid as liquid lipid, chitosan as a coating agent, and Poloxamer 407 as a surfactant. NLC were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, pH, viscosity, X-ray diffraction studies, in-vitro mucoadhesion study, in- vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies. The shape and surface morphology of the prepared NLC was determined through transmission electron microscopy. To detect the interaction of the drug with carriers, compatibility studies were also carried out. Results: Average size and polydispersity index of developed formulation S6 was 227.0±6.3 nm and 0.460 respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of formulation S6 was found to be 87.25 %. The pH, viscosity, in-vitro mucoadhesion study, and in- vitro release of optimized olanzapine loaded NLC were recorded as 5.7 ± 0.05, 78 centipoise, 15±2 min, and 91.96 % respectively. In ex-vivo permeation studies, the percent drug permeated after 210 min was found to be 84.03%. Conclusion: These results reveal potential application of novel olanzapine-NLC in intranasal drug delivery system for treatment of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Verification of P-Glycoprotein Function at the Dermal Barrier in Diffusion Cells and Dynamic “Skin-On-A-Chip” Microfluidic Device

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Ágnes Bajza ◽  
Dorottya Kocsis ◽  
Orsolya Berezvai ◽  
András József Laki ◽  
Bence Lukács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Transdermal Absorption ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Diffusion Cells ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Dermal Drug Delivery

The efficacy of transdermal absorption of drugs and the irritation or corrosion potential of topically applied formulations are important areas of investigation in pharmaceutical, military and cosmetic research. The aim of the present experiments is to test the role of P-glycoprotein in dermal drug delivery in various ex vivo and in vitro platforms, including a novel microchip technology developed by Pázmány Péter Catholic University. A further question is whether the freezing of excised skin and age have any influence on P-glycoprotein-mediated dermal drug absorption. Two P-glycoprotein substrate model drugs (quinidine and erythromycin) were investigated via topical administration in diffusion cells, a skin-on-a-chip device and transdermal microdialysis in rat skin. The transdermal absorption of both model drugs was reduced by P-glycoprotein inhibition, and both aging and freezing increased the permeability of the tissues. Based on our findings, it is concluded that the process of freezing leads to reduced function of efflux transporters, and increases the porosity of skin. P-glycoprotein has an absorptive orientation in the skin, and topical inhibitors can modify its action. The defensive role of the skin seems to be diminished in aged individuals, partly due to reduced thickness of the dermis. The novel microfluidic microchip seems to be an appropriate tool to investigate dermal drug delivery.

scholarly journals Quaternary Ammonium Chitosans: The Importance of the Positive Fixed Charge of the Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Fabiano ◽  
Denise Beconcini ◽  
Chiara Migone ◽  
Anna Maria Piras ◽  
Ylenia Zambito
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Fixed Charge ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
The Impact

As a natural polysaccharide, chitosan has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biosecurity. The hydroxyl and amino groups present in its structure make it an extremely versatile and chemically modifiable material. In recent years, various synthetic strategies have been used to modify chitosan, mainly to solve the problem of its insolubility in neutral physiological fluids. Thus, derivatives with negative or positive fixed charge were synthesized and used to prepare innovative drug delivery systems. Positively charged conjugates showed improved properties compared to unmodified chitosan. In this review the main quaternary ammonium derivatives of chitosan will be considered, their preparation and their applications will be described to evaluate the impact of the positive fixed charge on the improvement of the properties of the drug delivery systems based on these polymers. Furthermore, the performances of the proposed systems resulting from in vitro and ex vivo experiments will be taken into consideration, with particular attention to cytotoxicity of systems, and their ability to promote drug absorption.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells Pre-Pulsed with Wilms’ Tumor 1 in Optimized Culture for Cancer Vaccination

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutsugu Koya ◽  
Ippei Date ◽  
Haruhiko Kawaguchi ◽  
Asuka Watanabe ◽  
Takuya Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
Dc Vaccine

With recent advances in cancer vaccination therapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to play a central role as a cell-based drug delivery system in the bioactive immune environment. Ex vivo generation of monocyte-derived DCs has been conventionally applied in adherent manufacturing systems with separate loading of TAAs before clinical use. We developed DCs pre-pulsed with Wilms’ tumor (WT1) peptides in low-adhesion culture maturation (WT1-DCs). Quality tests (viability, phenotype, and functions) of WT1-DCs were performed for process validation, and findings were compared with those for conventional DCs (cDCs). In comparative analyses, WT1-DCs showed an increase in viability and recovery of the DC/monocyte ratio, displaying lower levels of IL-10 (an immune suppressive cytokine) and a similar antigen-presenting ability in an in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) assay with cytomegalovirus, despite lower levels of CD80 and PD-L2. A clinical study revealed that WT1-specific CTLs (WT1-CTLs) were detected upon using the WT1-DCs vaccine in patients with cancer. A DC vaccine containing TAAs produced under an optimized manufacturing protocol is a potentially promising cell-based drug delivery system to induce acquired immunity.

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