Fostering Economic Competitiveness in China and the US: Untangling the Web of Competing Regulations and Interests

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Jason E. Lane ◽  
Taya L. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Web

scholarly journals Of Smart Phone Wars and Software Patents

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Graham ◽  
Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Software Patents ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Web

Among the main criticisms currently confronting the US Patent and Trademark Office are concerns about software patents and what role they play in the web of litigation now proceeding in the smart phone industry. We will examine the evidence on the litigation and the treatment by the Patent Office of patents that include software elements. We present specific empirical evidence regarding the examination by the Patent Office of software patents, their validity, and their role in the smart phone wars. More broadly, this article discusses the competing values at work in the patent system and how the system has dealt with disputes that, like the smart phone wars, routinely erupt over time, in fact dating back to the very founding of the United States. The article concludes with an outlook for systematic policymaking within the patent system in the wake of major recent legislative and administrative reforms. Principally, the article highlights how the US Patent Office acts responsibly when it engages constructively with principled criticisms and calls for reform, as it has during the passage and now implementation of the landmark Leahy–Smith America Invents Act of 2011.

Competitive industry clusters and transportation in Minnesota

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Munnich ◽  
Michael Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industry Clusters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Competitive Industry ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
The Us ◽  
Employment Location ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Purpose – This study aims to advance the state of knowledge of the relationship between transportation and economic development by investigating how firms in competitive industry clusters use transportation networks and what role those networks play in the competitiveness of these clusters. Design/methodology/approach – The approach combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to geographically identify competitive industry clusters and to investigate the role of transportation. The US Cluster Mapping tool is used to identify competitive clusters by employment location quotients in 25 Minnesota metropolitan and micropolitan regions. A total of 12 competitive clusters were selected for further study, and in-depth interviews and site visits were conducted with businesses in each cluster to explore the competitive importance of different modes of transportation. Findings – Minnesota’s economic competitiveness is dependent on a well-functioning transportation system in all modes – truck, air, rail, and water. Access to global markets requires rail and truck to reach coastal ports. Air transportation is critical for high-value, low-weight, time-sensitive products such as medical devices or Mayo lab testing samples. Air service is important for customers at Minneapolis – St. Paul, St. Cloud, and Rochester, Duluth, as well as other Minnesota cities. Highway access and reliability is critical for key statewide clusters such as processed food and heavy machinery. Research limitations/implications – Study limitations include the representativeness of company interviews in generalizing for a cluster and industry employment as a measure of competitiveness. Practical implications – These methods can yield valuable insights into how transportation functions as an input within competitive industry clusters and how it can inform economic development strategies tailored to certain locations and industries. Originality/value – This is a first-of-its kind study using industry clusters as a framework for examining the role that transportation plays in economic competitiveness.

Sustainability marketing: US hotels vs. international hotel chains

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Brackett ◽  
B. Nathaniel Carr II
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hotel Chains ◽  
The Web

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether US-only hotels and US-based international hotel chains similarly promote sustainability marketing. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative exploratory research study reviewing the web site marketing of the US-only hotels and US-based international hotel chains. Findings – The research indicates that there are differences in the sustainability marketing of US-only and US-based international hotel chains. Originality/value – This is a unique research study. The hotel industry has a diverse body of stateholders due to its large market and impact on sustainability.

Compliance of accessibility in tourism websites: a pledge towards disability

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Abid Ismail ◽  
Sibi PS ◽  
Dipendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Web Content ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us States ◽  
Section 508 ◽  
Wcag 2.0 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
Tourism Websites ◽  
The Web

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the US states and territories’ official tourism information websites based on the Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG) and Section 508 guidelines to identify the compliance of websites towards disabilities policies and their behaviour pattern.Design/methodology/approachThe official tourism websites of 57 states and territories were analysed through the TAW tool for WCAG 2.0 and AChecker for Section 508. Cluster analysis was used to produce a group of websites underlying the accessibility issues obtained from the online tool to understand the common pattern of behaviour.FindingsThe result revealed that websites have serious and significant accessibility issues underlying the prescribed guidelines that would interfere with the use of the website by disabled people. The main issues that make the website least accessible focussed on the following guideline of WCAG 2.0: compatible, navigable, text alternative, distinguishable and adaptable.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical results provide the US states and territories’ tourism authority to better understand web accessibility in their websites and its impact on disabled people.Originality/valueAs the web plays an important role in individual lives, this study highlights the accessibility issues which need immediately focussed and technically planned actions from the respective states and territories to ensure that designed web content should communicate effectively and universally.

Electronic communications and communities

Antiquity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (274) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Barriers To Communication ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Web

The barriers to communication between scholars and between scholars and the public have been falling as the Internet has grown. Although most of the publicity goes to the web, surveys show that the email is used by more people. Since it is based on characters rather than graphics, bandwidth and modem speed are less problematic than they are for web pages. In addition, while the web is the best way to disseminate information on the internet, electronic conferences and newsgroups are still the best way to interact on the internet. Electronic conferences for archaeologists began in 1986 when Sebastian Rahtz and Kris Lockyear created the ‘Archaeological Information Exchange.’ Four years later AIE begat ARCH-L and the number of archaeologists participating has grown steadily. Today ARCH-L has about 1800 subscribers in 44 different countries; most subscribers are in the US and the UK. ARCH-L now averages about 16 messages a day; just under 3000 messages were posted in the first 6 months of 1997. In addition to ARCH-L, there now are at least 40 other electronic conferences and newsgroups covering different aspects of archaeology.

THE TOPOLOGY OF A LOCAL TRADE WEB AND IMPACTS OF THE US FINANCIAL CRISIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOBING FENG ◽  
HAIBO HU ◽  
XIAOFAN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Us Financial Crisis ◽  
The Web

In this paper a local trade web (LTW) in the Asia-Pacific region is examined using the data derived from the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. The topology of the LTW has been specified, based upon which the impacts of US financial crisis on the structural and behavior pattern of the LTW are further investigated. The major findings are given as follows. Firstly, the LTW is much more integrated than the global trade web; secondly, after the financial crisis, the fundamental structure of the network remains relatively stable but the strength of the web has been changed and the structure of the web has evolved over time. Economic implications for what have been observed are also discussed.

scholarly journals Trading Emerging Technologies: Export Controls Meet Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Scott A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
The Us ◽  
Controls Systems

Abstract “Emerging technologies” and the growing inventory of their dual-use applications increasingly challenge policymakers with how to balance technological development, economic competitiveness, and national security priorities. While dual-use export control regulators have always struggled with balancing economic and security interests, emerging technologies are challenging controls systems ill-equipped to define or practically control them. As the most advanced case, the US export control effort is an instructive regarding the challenges of deploying conventional controls over defining and controlling rapidly developing technology sets. This article reviews the US case in light of the current challenges posed by emerging and foundational technologies.

Freedom of the Press

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
William F. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Dramatic Fall ◽  
The Web

The US media are undergoing a massive transformation, approaching a crisis in journalism, which may portend similar issues in Europe and the rest of the world. Historically, most professional journalism has been done by the print media, especially newspapers. Today, American newspapers are in a state of collapse with circulation dropping at a rapid rate and profitability going to nil or negative. This business is leading to an information crisis that is already having effects on the society and will likely become even more profound, polarizing and perhaps misinforming an entire nation. Print journalists have been the primary suppliers to the electronic media, including television and the internet. This article supplements a speech given at the American Academy in Berlin in May, 2008. It summarizes US media metrics and raises issues of concern about the sustainability of serious journalism in America. While the internet has been the cause of this dilemma, the author sees no economic model that will allow the web in the short term to support major, serious reporting at a large scale. Is the rest of the world about to experience a similar crisis or are media models different enough to avoid such a dramatic fall? This article reflects Baker’s view as a longtime media executive and an academic.

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