Patenting Living Organisms and Their Parts: The Point of View of Science Administration

1994 ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
R. Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Organisms

scholarly journals A Review on Coordination Properties of Al(III) and Fe(III) toward Natural Antioxidant Molecules: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2603
Author(s):  
Luana Malacaria ◽  
Giuseppina Anna Corrente ◽  
Amerigo Beneduci ◽  
Emilia Furia ◽  
Tiziana Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Coordination Properties ◽  
Soluble Molecule ◽  
Living Organisms

This review focuses on the ability of some natural antioxidant molecules (i.e., hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, quercetin, luteolin and curcumin) to form Al(III)- and Fe(III)-complexes with the aim of evaluating the coordination properties from a combined experimental and theoretical point of view. Despite the contributions of previous studies on the chemical properties and biological activity of these metal complexes involving such natural antioxidants, further detailed relationships between the structure and properties are still required. In this context, the investigation on the coordination properties of Al(III) and Fe(III) toward these natural antioxidant molecules might deserve high interest to design water soluble molecule-based metal carriers that can improve the metal’s intake and/or its removal in living organisms.

Bioinspired Algorithms in Solving Three-Dimensional Protein Structure Prediction Problems

2017 ◽  
pp. 316-337
Author(s):  
Raghunath Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Protein Structure Prediction ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Prediction Problems

Proteins play a vital molecular role in all living organisms. Experimentally, it is difficult to predict the protein structure, however alternatively theoretical prediction method holds good for it. The 3D structure prediction of proteins is very much important in biology and this leads to the discovery of different useful drugs, enzymes, and currently this is considered as an important research domain. The prediction of proteins is related to identification of its tertiary structure. From the computational point of view, different models (protein representations) have been developed along with certain efficient optimization methods to predict the protein structure. The bio-inspired computation is used mostly for optimization process during solving protein structure. These algorithms now a days has received great interests and attention in the literature. This chapter aim basically for discussing the key features of recently developed five different types of bio-inspired computational algorithms, applied in protein structure prediction problems.

Water, Source of ‘Genesis’ and the End Macro and Micro Viṣṇu in the Hymns of the Āḻvārs

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-331
Author(s):  
R. K. K. Rajarajan
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Noah's Ark

The pañcabhūtas convoked are pṛthvi ‘earth’, ap ‘water’, tejas ‘fire’, vāyu ‘air or wind’ and ākāśa ‘ether’. They are the five elements of nature in Hindu mythology. These are considered the abstractions of Viṣṇu (Figures 1–3, 6 and 10), Śiva (Figure 11) or Dēvī (Figures 7 and 15) as the case may be. Most virile among the five are ‘water’ and ‘fire’, the symbols of creation and destruction. Water from the Darwinian point of view is the creative force in which living organisms originate and survive. It is the sustaining principle, for example, the Mother feeding the child with milk as rain for the plant kingdom. Water is the symbol of destruction at the time of deluge, the mahāpraḷaya ; cf. trees on the banks felled when rivers inundate (PTM 11.8.1). Fire creates when channelised through the oven; for example, Kumāra’s birth as also Mīnākṣī (Figure 16) and Draupadī emerging through yajñas. These ideas are best exemplified by the avatāras, aṃśāvatāras and other emanations of Viṣṇu. Śiva destroys the worlds by the power generated by his third eye (e.g., Sodom and Gomorrah in case of Biblical mythology), the God of Love, Kāmadeva symbolic of the seed of creation (Priapus in Roman mythology; Beard, 2008. Pompeii: The Life of a Roman Town. London: Profile Books Ltd: 104, figure 36). We are concerned in this article with water as the creative and destructive force, an idea that is as old as the Vedic and Biblical times. The focus is on the Āḻvārs’ Nālāyirativviyappirapantam. The Biblical myth of ‘Noah’s Ark’ may be of value for inter-religious dialogue. Several hundreds of the Tamil hymns have something to say on the symbolism of water. We cite a few examples hereunder. The emphasis is on water and Viśvarūpa.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins as Homeostatic Nanoparticles of Blood Plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8737
Author(s):  
Vasily A. Kudinov ◽  
Olga Yu. Alekseeva ◽  
Tatiana I. Torkhovskaya ◽  
Konstantin K. Baskaev ◽  
Rafael I. Artyushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Living Organisms

It is well known that blood lipoproteins (LPs) are multimolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that play a crucial role in lipid transport. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a class of blood plasma LPs that mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)—cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver. Due to this ability to promote cholesterol uptake from cell membranes, HDL possess antiatherogenic properties. This function was first observed at the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s, resulting in high interest in this class of LPs. It was shown that HDL are the prevalent class of LPs in several types of living organisms (from fishes to monkeys) with high resistance to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Lately, understanding of the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL has significantly expanded. Besides the contribution to RCT, HDL have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes, blood clotting, and vasomotor responses. These particles also possess antioxidant properties and contribute to immune reactions and intercellular signaling. Herein, we review data on the structure and mechanisms of the pleiotropic biological functions of HDL from the point of view of their evolutionary role and complex dynamic nature.

scholarly journals The Biophysics is a Borderlan Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Technium Editor-in-chief ◽  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Tools And Methods

From the philosophical point of view, the real world is of stratified construction. It contains five main strata: the inorganic, the organic, the social, the intellectual and the spiritual one. The specific character of the respective strata is constituted by their governing principles, categories which are fundamental predicates related to the existing entity as such, determinants (definitenesses) but not simple intellectual concepts or statements. Biophysics, by virtue of its character, creates connections between the inorganic, organic and spiritual stratum searching for their regularities. The predicamental (categorical) laws may be of horizontal type, connecting fields within the same stratum, and of vertical type when they create connections between different strata. The biophysics is moving in vertical dimensions which, however is not characteristic for every borderline science. Biophysics is a border science which deals with physical processes taking place in the living organisms and systems as well as with tools and methods used of their study.

scholarly journals Mettere in questione l’ornamento attraverso un approccio morfologico al visibile

Itinera ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza Macaluso
Keyword(s):  
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
As If

The paper investigates the question of the ornament starting from a parallelism between biological- architectural ornaments and decorative-artistic ones. The element of innovation and the emergency of the ornament allow to consider images as if they were living organisms and to highlight their becoming through new forms. Starting from a morphological point of view, from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to the contemporary morphology, the ornament is strictly connected to the dynamics of forms and to a particular approach to the visible. The ornamental dynamics, according to the binomial form-function, open the dimension of the visible to new perspectives and foreshadow potentially infinite changes. The essay analyzes the consequences in the production of visible forms and in the attribution of meanings, but also the political function of images, with particular reference to the idea of an economy of visible forms.

scholarly journals Evolution of Shock-Induced Pressure in Laser Bioprinting

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Evgenii Mareev ◽  
Nikita Minaev ◽  
Vyacheslav Zhigarkov ◽  
Vladimir Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Thin Metal Film ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Laser Transfer ◽  
Laser Engineering ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Microbial Systems

Laser bioprinting with gel microdroplets that contain living cells is a promising method for use in microbiology, biotechnology, and medicine. Laser engineering of microbial systems (LEMS) technology by laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is highly effective in isolating difficult-to-cultivate and uncultured microorganisms, which are essential for modern bioscience. In LEMS the transfer of a microdroplet of a gel substrate containing living cell occurs due to the rapid heating under the tight focusing of a nanosecond infrared laser pulse onto thin metal film with the substrate layer. During laser transfer, living organisms are affected by temperature and pressure jumps, high dynamic loads, and several others. The study of these factors’ role is important both for improving laser printing technology itself and from a purely theoretical point of view in relation to understanding the mechanisms of LEMS action. This article presents the results of an experimental study of bubbles, gel jets, and shock waves arising in liquid media during nanosecond laser heating of a Ti film obtained using time-resolving shadow microscopy. Estimates of the pressure jumps experienced by microorganisms in the process of laser transfer are performed: in the operating range of laser energies for bioprinting LEMS technology, pressure jumps near the absorbing film of the donor plate is about 30 MPa. The efficiency of laser pulse energy conversion to mechanical post-effects is about 10%. The estimates obtained are of great importance for microbiology, biotechnology, and medicine, particularly for improving the technologies related to laser bioprinting and the laser engineering of microbial systems.

String and graph reduction systems for gene assembly in ciliates

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRZEJ EHRENFEUCHT ◽  
ION PETRE ◽  
DAVID M. PRESCOTT ◽  
GRZEGORZ ROZENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Graph Reduction ◽  
Gene Assembly ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Way

Ciliates have developed a unique nuclear dualism, having two nuclei of different functionality: the germline micronucleus and the somatic macronucleus. The way that ciliates assemble the macronuclear genes after cell mating constitutes one of the most intricate DNA processings in living organisms. This processing is also very interesting from the computational point of view. In this paper, we investigate the operations of loop excision and hairpin excision/reinsertion used in the assembly process. In particular, we consider three levels of formalization of this process, culminating in graph reduction systems.

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