Surveillance on Plague in Natural Foci in Georgia

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lela Bakanidze ◽  
Paata Imnadze ◽  
Svetlana Chubinidze ◽  
Nikoloz Tsertsvadze ◽  
Gela Mgeladze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Foci

TBE in China

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western China ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
West China ◽  
North West ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Viral Subtype ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Brain

The first TBE patients in China were reported in 1943, and the TBEV was isolated from the brain tissues of 2 patients in 1944 by Japanese military scientists,1 and from patients and ticks (Ixodes persulcatus and Haemaphysalis concinna) in 1952 by Chinese researchers.2 The Far Eastern viral subtype (TBEV-FE) is the endemic subtype that has been isolated from all 3 known natural foci (northeastern China, western China, and southwestern China).14 Recently a new “Himalayan subtype” of the TBEV (TBEV-HIM) was isolated from wild rodent Marmoata himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau15. The main vector of the TBEV in China is I. persulcatus.3 One recent report suggests that the TBEV-SIB is prevalent in the Uygur region (North West China)13 but epidemiological modelling indicates that the TBEV may occur even widely all over China (Figure 3).4 Likely, the disease is often missed by clinicians due to a lack of the availability of specific diagnostic assays16.

TBE in Romania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Adriana Hristea ◽  
Wilhelm Erber ◽  
Tamara Vuković Janković
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey performed, human TBE- virus neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.

TBE in Romania

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey,1 human TBEV neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.2,3 TBE has been a notifiable disease since 1996. Surveillance of TBE is not done at the country level, only regionally in some counties (northern/central/western part, close to Hungary). The passive surveillance system was implemented in 2008. However, there is no regular screening and the relative risk of contracting this disease is unknown. In 1999, an outbreak of TBE in humans was recorded with a total of at least 38 human cases.4

Chapter 11: General epidemiology of TBE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) exists in natural foci, which are areas where TBEV is circulating among its vectors (ticks of different species and genera) and reservoir hosts (usually rodents and small mammals). Based on phylogenetic studies, four TBEV subtypes (Far-Eastern, Siberian, European, Baikalian) and two putative subtypes (Himalayan and “178-79” group) are known. Within each subtype, some genetic lineages are described. The European subtype (TBEV-EU) (formerly known also as the “Western subtype”) of TBEV is prevalent in Europe, but it was also isolated in Western and Eastern Siberia in Russia and South Korea. The Far-Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE) was preferably found in the territory of the far-eastern part of Eurasia, but some strains were isolated in other regions of Eurasia. The Siberian (TBEV-SIB) subtype is the most common and has been found in almost all TBEV habitat areas. The Baikalian subtype is prevalent around Lake Baikal and was isolated several times from ticks and rodents. In addition to the four TBEV subtypes, one single isolate of TBEV (178-79) and two genetic sequences (Himalayan) supposed to be new TBEV subtypes were described in Eastern Siberia and China. The data on TBEV seroprevalence in humans and animals can serve as an indication for the presence or absence of TBEV in studied area.

On complex treatment and ways of preventing deaths in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
T. A. Bashkirev
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Active Natural

In recent years, the most active natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been identified in the regions of the Middle Volga and Ural regions, where more than 70% of registered diseases occur in the RSFSR and a tendency to further growth is observed.

scholarly journals Environment, arbovirus transmission and control of epidemics

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cordellier ◽  
Nicolas Degallier
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Control Of Epidemics ◽  
And Control

In order to illustrate the relationships between the biotopes (or phytogeographical zones), arbovirus vectors and vertebrate hosts (including man), and epidemiology, current knowledge on the transmission of Yellow Fever virus in West Africa is reported. A dynamic scheme has been devised to integrate the observed geographical distribution of cases and the timing of their occurrence. Two principal areas, endemicity and epidetnicity, were defined according to the presence or absence of sylvatic monkey-mosquito transmission. The intensity and potential of contacts between humans and vectors depends on the degree of man-made changes in the environment, often increasing the extension of ecotone areas where the mosquitoes are easily biting at the ground level. Prevention and/or control of arbovirus diseases require detailed eco-epidemiological studies to determine: (1) the effective role of each potential vector in each phytogeographical region; (2) the risk factors for the people living in or near areas with a sylvatic transmission cycle; (3) the priorities - vaccination and/or control - for preventing the expansion of natural foci.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC AND EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF NATURAL-FOCAL ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS IN VLADIMIR REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. A. Martsev ◽  
V. M. Rudakova ◽  
A. V. Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Aim. Assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation and the degree of danger of the territory of Vladimir region in terms of a complex of natural focal zoonotic infections. Materials and methods. In the work, a retrospective analysis of statistical data on the incidence of zooanthroponosis in the population, obtained from Reporting Form No. 2 «Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases» of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region for the period 1958 - 2016 was conducted. Studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural focal and especially dangerous infections of Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region. Results. It is established that the following natural focal diseases are registered in the territory of the Vladimir region: rabies, heemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), tick-borne borreliosis (ТВВ), leptospirosis, pseudotuberculosis and tularemia. The largest share in the structure of morbidity falls on HFRS and ТВВ. Annual laboratory studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among rodent mice, the dominant species among which is the red vole. The ratio of men to women with HFRS is about 3 to 1, the main risk factors for transmission are harvesting in summer cottages and visiting forest areas. As for the ТВВ, in the region there are persistent natural foci of this infection. It was established that there is no territorial dependence between the incidence and «riches» of the territory, and the main epidemiological significance is the iksodid mites I.ricinus and I.persulcatus. Conclusion. The cartographic mapping of the registered incidence allowed to show the territories with different degree of epidemic manifestation for individual natural-focal diseases and for a complex of morbidity in general. Positive laboratory results indicate epizootic activity and a constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation of zooanthroponous infections, and the absence of human morbidity over a number of years is not evidence of the attenuation of the natural focus of infection and the basis for the curtailment of preventive measures.

scholarly journals REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne borreliosis in the Krasnodar Krai

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
M. G. Avdeeva ◽  
D. Yu. Moshkova ◽  
L. P. Blazhnyaya ◽  
V. N. Gorodin ◽  
S. V Zotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study the improvement of early diagnostics of Lyme disease on the based of clinical and epidemiological analysis of the main clinical forms of the acute course of the disease in new natural foci in the Krasnodar Krai. Patients and methods. There was analyzed the clinical course of disease and epidemiological data for 207 patients in the early period of acute course of Lyme disease within the period from 2004 to 2013. Results. In the territory of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea there has formed a set of foci of tick-borne borreliosis (TB), i.e. Lyme disease (LD). The infection of cases is observed not only in the natural foci of disease, but also within the city limits. The disease is registered mainly in the erythematous form (74% of patients), non-erythematous form accounts for 26%. The average age of patients was 41,1±1,83, years, males 38%, females 62%. In the non-erythematous form initial clinical symptoms are recorded in average in 11,6 ± 2,20 days after tick suction; in the erythematous form in 6,4 ± 0,70 days ( p

scholarly journals Vaccination of cattle in the system of antiepizootic measures in Buryatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Republic

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, six nosological forms of infectious diseases have epizootic significance among cattle. The most widespread are leptospirosis, rabies, and isolated cases of pasteurellosis. Natural foci of rabies were formed, confined to the environmental conditions of the neighboring territories of Mongolia and the TRANS-Baikal territory. Epizootic process tends to polyhostal manifestation with the threat of expanding the focus and complicating the epidemic situation in the entire region of Siberia and the Far East. In 2018 169 heads of cattle were identified with a positive reaction to leptospirosis in 13 administrative districts. Preventive immunization of animals with the control of immunity tension in areas with a high risk of introduction of infectious diseases is the basis for maintaining epizootic well-being throughout the region.

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