scholarly journals EPIDEMIC AND EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF NATURAL-FOCAL ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS IN VLADIMIR REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. A. Martsev ◽  
V. M. Rudakova ◽  
A. V. Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Aim. Assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation and the degree of danger of the territory of Vladimir region in terms of a complex of natural focal zoonotic infections. Materials and methods. In the work, a retrospective analysis of statistical data on the incidence of zooanthroponosis in the population, obtained from Reporting Form No. 2 «Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases» of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region for the period 1958 - 2016 was conducted. Studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural focal and especially dangerous infections of Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region. Results. It is established that the following natural focal diseases are registered in the territory of the Vladimir region: rabies, heemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), tick-borne borreliosis (ТВВ), leptospirosis, pseudotuberculosis and tularemia. The largest share in the structure of morbidity falls on HFRS and ТВВ. Annual laboratory studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among rodent mice, the dominant species among which is the red vole. The ratio of men to women with HFRS is about 3 to 1, the main risk factors for transmission are harvesting in summer cottages and visiting forest areas. As for the ТВВ, in the region there are persistent natural foci of this infection. It was established that there is no territorial dependence between the incidence and «riches» of the territory, and the main epidemiological significance is the iksodid mites I.ricinus and I.persulcatus. Conclusion. The cartographic mapping of the registered incidence allowed to show the territories with different degree of epidemic manifestation for individual natural-focal diseases and for a complex of morbidity in general. Positive laboratory results indicate epizootic activity and a constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation of zooanthroponous infections, and the absence of human morbidity over a number of years is not evidence of the attenuation of the natural focus of infection and the basis for the curtailment of preventive measures.

scholarly journals Natural focal infections as one of the risk factors for the agricultural workers health

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Anton Martsev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Infection Focus ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Positive Results

The research deals with the assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation in the Vladimir region, concerning natural focal infections in the context of agricultural activities. The retrospective analysis of statistical data on morbidity anthropozoonoses taken from the Report forms №2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” FBUZ “Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Vladimir region” of Rospotrebnadzor Department of the Vladimir region during the period of 1958 – 2016. The study of the biological material in respect of pathogen the natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural-focal and especially dangerous infections FBUZ “Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Vladimir region” Rospotrebnadzor Department of the Vladimir region. The following natural-focal diseases have been stated to be registered as important in the context of agriculture in the Vladimir region: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), leptospirosis and tularemia. HFRS domonates in the morbidity structure. Annual laboratory tests of the biological material regarding the pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among mouse-like rodents, red vole (M. glareolus) being the dominant species among them. The ratio of HFRS male to female is approximately 3 to 1 Positive results of the laboratory studies indicate epizootic activity and constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation regarding zooanthroponotic infections, and zero human morbidity during a number of years does not speak of the attenuation of the natural infection focus and the basis for stopping the preventive measures.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
N. A. Ostapenko ◽  
I. I. Kozlova ◽  
M. G. Solovieva ◽  
T. F. Stepanova ◽  
V. V. Mefodiev
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.

scholarly journals Results of Epizootiological Monitoring of Small Mammals Habitant in Crimea Over the Period of 2015–2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Kovalenko ◽  
L. S. Zinich ◽  
S. N. Yakunin ◽  
O. A. Poluektova ◽  
O. Yu. Ramenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci

Objective of this work is to analyze the spatial distribution of various species of small mammals, caught between 2015 and 2017, and to identify the dominant species in different landscape areas, as well as their role in functioning of natural foci of zoonotic infections (tularemia, leptospirosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus infection) in the territory of Crimea. Materials and methods. Small mammals were caught during the period of 2015–2017 and investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and direct hemagglutination reaction. Results and conclusions. The dominant species of small mammals, containing the causative agents of some or other natural-focal infection are ubiquitous species, i.e. disseminated across the territory of the whole peninsula. In the presence of concomitant favorable conditions, they may contribute to the expansion of the natural foci of these infections. Positive tests for Lyme disease detected not only in small mammals caught in mountain-forest areas, but in steppe zone too may testify to the fact that the border of the natural focus of this infection is expanded. To clarify the boundaries of the natural foci of infections circulating in the territory of Crimea, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive analysis of distribution of small mammals, blood-sucking ectoparasites, and also epidemic manifestations in different natural areas of Crimea.

scholarly journals REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. N. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Official Sources

An analysis of epidemiology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russia and the world was carried out to identify the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Statistical data were used from official sources (Rospotrebnadzor, WHO, US CDC, China NHC, ECDC, DXY). Research information from different countries about the course, outcomes, spread, and risk factors of the disease is presented.The study of epidemiology, risk factors, causes of increased incidence of COVID-19, mortality rate is of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

TBE in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tserennorov Damdindorj ◽  
Uyanga Baasandagva ◽  
Tsogbadrakh Nyamdorj ◽  
Burmaajav Badrakh
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Natural Foci

Since the 1980s, Mongolian scientists worked together with researchers from the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Irkutsk, Russia to investigate the spread of ticks carrying the TBEV in the forest areas of Khuvsgul, Khentii, Bulgan, Selenge, Orkhon, Tuv, Dornod, Arkhangai and Uvurkhangai provinces, which had been identified as TBEV-endemic regions.1 Finally in 1989, following available local information on diseases suspected to be TBE, Abmed et al. documented natural foci of the TBEV in the administrative districts of Zelter, Bugant and Khuder in the Selenge province and noted that it is important to plan and implement preventive measures.2

Selected Problems of Police Preventive Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Robert Gwardyński
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Intervention Service ◽  
Police Activity

The article presents in a synthetic way the issues of one of the demanding areas of Polish Police activity, which are preventive measures. These activities were discussed through the prism of: the essence and scope of these activities, the implementation of official tasks by the district and other police officers performing patrol and intervention service. The study uses commonly available statistical data documenting Poles ‘opinions about the Police and the dynamics of changes regarding Poles’ opinions about the Police. These data reflect statistical data from 2012–2017. The presented considerations relate to issues of public security, which were presented on the basis of legal provisions and organizational solutions applied in the Police.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR SAFETY MEANS BY STATISTICAL GAMES

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Petras Čyras ◽  
Sigutė Vakrinienė
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Matrix Game ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Safe Control ◽  
Definite Period ◽  
Statistical Game

Statistical data regarding causes and number of accidents in enterprises and organisations allow to foresee the average number of traumas for a definite period when no additional means for trauma prevention have been provided. The trauma prevention means differ because they require different financing and decreasing the number of traumas. The suggested mathematical methods give the possibility to appraise the means of trauma prevention according to the definite sum invested. Some accidents are related to individual miss-steps/mistakes at work. Trying to find out the ways for optimal trauma prevention we can take the latter causes as statistical game of “nature” state and certain possible situations of existing in determination. They are impossible to be changed, though some preventive means applied by employees may decrease the trauma cases caused by individual safe control violation. As soon as the optimal strategy of the aforementioned matrix game is found, the most important preventive means could be determined. They could guarantee the real decrease of the trauma cases in spite of any violations by employees. A certain modification of the straightforward programme making task allows us to get an optimal allocation of means necessary for trauma prevention, thus evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures when the optimal financing is found as the means are increasing.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Epidemiologic Risks of Tularemia in the Natural Focus of a Steppe Type in the Stavropol Krai in 2003–2018 and Ways of Their Minimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
AA Zaitsev ◽  
DS Agapitov ◽  
OA Gnusareva ◽  
VV Ostapovich ◽  
AV Sazonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Stavropol Krai

Our purpose was to study epidemiologic risks of people getting infected with tularemia in the natural focus of the steppe type in the Stavropol Krai during the periods of epidemic manifestations of varying intensity in 2003-2018 in order to develop the tactics of their minimization by means of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using statistical data and materials of the annual state reports on the sanitary and epidemiologic situation in the Stavropol Krai for 2003–2018. We analyzed all local cases of tularemia registered during the study period (100 cases). Results. The hunting and foodborne (38.0%), household (30.0%) and waterborne (30.0%) epidemiologic types of tularemia were identified. The increased incidence rate was observed in January – March 2017 (42 people). During this period, 47.6% of cases were of hunting-related and foodborne, 30.9% – of waterborne, and 21.5% – of household epidemiologic types of human tularemia. Discussion. In 2003-2018, not only local cases of hunting-related, foodborne and household epidemiologic types of tularemia were registered at the sporadic level, but waterborne tularemia began to prevail in people. There were multiple cases of the disease induced by infected water of local water supply systems. This must be taken into account when carrying out preventive measures. In individuals involved in hunting and cutting hares, vaccination should be carried out additionally in existing enzootic areas of the focus, where the pathogen is currently not detected in the biocenosis. The minimization of epidemiologic risks to public health is facilitated by the constant control of rodent access to local water pipelines in places of increased epizootic activity and epidemic hazard. Timely elimination of design drawbacks in the areas of water intake and sewage treatment plants and preventive disinfestation significantly reduce the risk of multiple incident cases of tularemia.

scholarly journals The epidemiological significance of parasites of fishes in the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict (Astrakhan region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Anna V. Konkova ◽  
V. V. Volodina ◽  
E. A. Voronina ◽  
N. Yu. Terpugova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
State Control ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
Pike Perch ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
White Bream ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Caspian Roach

Introduction. The epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases among the population of the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict within the Astrakhan region continues to be stressful. To cancel or prolong the restrictions on biohelminthoses in the region, it is necessary to conduct regular studies on the parasitic purity of fish and fish raw materials. Material and methods. In accordance with methods generally accepted in parasitology, in the period of 2013-2017, 7,671 mature specimens of thirteen species of fish of five families (carps, pikes, sheatfishes, perches, herrings) were examined. Results. In the parasitic fauna of all types of hydrobionts examined there were sanitary-significant parasites, represented by eight types of systematic groups: nematodes (Anisakis schupakovi, Contracaecum bidentat, Estrongylides excisus), trematodes (Apophallus muehlingi, Rossicotr.ema donutses), acanthocephalans (Corynosoma strumosum). The dominant group in prevalence in the population of the Volga fish were roundworms, small - acanthocephalus. The maximum quantitative indices were characterized by trematodes, the number of which in the single fish amounted to thousands. Discussion. The level of infestation of pike, catfish, bream, carp, pike-perch, perch, white bream, rud, roach, Caspian roach, sichel, Caspian anadromous shad, blue bream, parasites dangerous to humans has remained relatively stable for a number of years. The majority of fish in the eastern part of the delta (with respect to the western part) have a higher percentage of infected individuals, and therefore, aquatic animals caught in the first specified area should be subjected to more thorough veterinary examination when preparing it for sale to the population. Conclusion. The data on the annual invasions of fish and people (along with other warm-blooded animals) with epidemiologically significant parasites indicate the active functioning of natural foci of apophallosis, rosicotremosis, opisthorchiasis, pevdoamphistomosis, anizakiosis, contratsekoleza, eustrongilidosis, and corynozomosis in the Volga delta. For the prevention of biohelminthoses, it is necessary, in addition to state control (ensuring proper product quality), to establish a direct informational notification of the population in order to clarify the importance of the issue of parasitic invasions transmitted through fish.

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