School Attachment Among Taiwanese Adolescents: The Roles of Individual Characteristics, Peer Relationships, and Teacher Well-Being

Social norms are vital for the functioning of adolescent peer groups; they can protect the well-being of groups and individual members, often by deterring harmful behaviors, such as aggression, through enforcement mechanisms like peer victimization; in adolescent peer groups, those who violate aggression norms are often subject to victimization. However, adolescents are nested within several levels of peer group contexts, ranging from small proximal groups, to larger distal groups, and social norms operate within each. This study assessed whether there are differences in the enforcement of aggression norms at different levels. Self-report and peer-nomination data were collected four times over the course of a school year from 1,454 early adolescents ( M age = 10.27; 53.9% boys) from Bogota, Colombia. Multilevel modeling provided support for social regulation of both physical aggression and relational aggression via peer victimization, as a function of gender, grade-level, proximal (friend) or distal (class) injunctive norms of aggression (perceptions of group-level attitudes), and descriptive norms of aggression. Overall, violation of proximal norms appears to be more powerfully enforced by adolescent peer groups. The findings are framed within an ecological systems theory of adolescent peer relationships.

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Mental health and wellbeing implications of the COVID-19 quarantine for disabled and disadvantaged children and young people: evidence from a cross-cultural study in Zambia and Sierra Leone

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00583-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Darren Sharpe ◽

Mohsen Rajabi ◽

Clement Chileshe ◽

Sitali Mayamba Joseph ◽

Ibrahim Sesay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young People ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Well Being ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Planning Tool ◽

Income Loss ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Children And Young People

Abstract Background The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantining on children and young people (CYP) living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has yet to be fully comprehended. CYP in LMICs are at utmost risk, given the COVID-19-related restrictions and social distancing measures, resulting in reduced access to school-based services for nutritional and mental health needs. This study examined mental health of CYP during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Zambia and Sierra Leone. Method A total of 468 disabled and disadvantaged CYP aged 12 to 25 completed a planning tool that comprised the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), as well as open-ended questions covering social connectedness, physical distancing and educational challenges during the lockdown. The community coaches screened individuals and families who could be eligible to receive emergency aid, and based on a convenience sample following distribution of aid, recipients were invited to complete the planning tool. Results The data showed that participants in the global south have increasing anxieties and fears centred on accessing offline educational resources and income loss in the family effecting food security and their ability to return to education. Mean (SD) SWEMWBS scores for all participants in Zambia and Sierra Leone, were 19.61 (3.45) and 21.65 (2.84), respectively. Mental well-being scores were lower in females, children aged 12–14 and participants with two or more disabilities. Factors significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing in the sample were: type of disability, nationality, peer relationships, connection to others during the pandemic, knowledge about COVID-19, worry about the long-term impact of COVID-19, and the types of self-isolating. Conclusion The study shows that participants who self-reported low levels of COVID-19 health literacy also scored low on the mental wellbeing self-assessment. Yet, despite undoubted limited resources, these CYP are doing well in identifying their needs and maintaining hope in the face of the problems associated with COVID-19 in countries where stigma persists around mental ill-health.

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Depression and loneliness of older adults in Europe and Israel after the first wave of covid-19

European Journal of Ageing ◽

10.1007/s10433-021-00640-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Josefine Atzendorf ◽

Stefan Gruber

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Well Being ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Control Measures ◽

Epidemic Control ◽

Government Response ◽

Country Level ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Share Data ◽

Using Data

AbstractEpidemic control measures that aim to introduce social distancing help to decelerate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their consequences in terms of mental well-being might be negative, especially for older adults. While existing studies mainly focus on the time during the first lockdown, we look at the weeks afterward in order to measure the medium-term consequences of the first wave of the pandemic. Using data from the SHARE Corona Survey, we include retired respondents aged 60 and above from 25 European countries plus Israel. Combining SHARE data with macro-data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker allows us to include macro-indicators at the country level, namely the number of deaths per 100,000 and the number of days with stringent epidemic control measures, in addition to individual characteristics. The findings show that both macro-indicators are influential for increased feelings of sadness/depression, but that individual factors are crucial for explaining increased feelings of loneliness in the time after the first lockdown. Models with interaction terms reveal that the included macro-indicators have negative well-being consequences, particularly for the oldest survey participants. Additionally, the results reveal that especially those living alone had a higher risk for increased loneliness in the time after the first COVID-19 wave.

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Bullying and Cyberbullying among Italian Adolescents: The Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Violent Behaviours

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1558

Author(s):

Antonio Tintori ◽

Giulia Ciancimino ◽

Giorgio Giovanelli ◽

Loredana Cerbara

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Social Discomfort ◽

Individual Variables ◽

Statistical Sample

Background: The study of adolescents’ behaviours and attitudes is crucial to define interventions for the containment of deviance and social discomfort. New ways of social interaction are crystallising violent behaviours which are moving more than ever on a virtual sphere. Bullying and cyberbullying share a common behavioural matrix that has been outlined through specific environmental and individual characteristics. Methods: A survey carried out in Italy in 2019 on a statistical sample of 3273 students highlighted the influence of several social and individual variables on deviant phenomena. Risk and protective factors in relation to the probability of involvement in bullying and cyberbullying have been shown through a bivariate analysis and a binary logistic regression model. Results: The study shows that presence of stereotypes and social prejudices, tolerance to violence and high levels of self-esteem have resulted as the main risk factors. On the other hand, low levels of tolerance related to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, high levels of trust towards family and friends and being female have been identified as protective factors. Conclusions: This research confirms the validity of several theories on bullying and cyberbullying phenomena. Furthermore, it identifies specific risk and protective factors and their influence on deviant behaviours, with a focus on environmental characteristics which appear as the key field of work to enhance adolescents’ well-being.

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Influence of Parenting Styles and Peer Attachment on Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/10664807211009807 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106648072110098

Author(s):

Mudasir Aziz ◽

Waheeda Khan ◽

Faseeh Amin ◽

Mohammad Furqan Khan

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Peer Attachment ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Functional Responses ◽

The Relationship

Both parenting and peer relationship are essential in the formation of self-esteem among the adolescents which lead to overall psychological development. Life satisfaction is another outcome that describes the subjective well-being of any person and the quality of one’s life. Literature has already suggested the importance of parenting and peer relationships in the development of self-esteem which may lead to life satisfaction among adolescents. However, the relationship between three styles of parenting as well as peer attachment and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem seems to be missing from the literature. This work is an important attempt toward fulfilling this research gap with respect to adolescents. The data were collected from 500 respondents which resulted in 412 functional responses. Structural equation modeling method was used to test the relationship in the study. The results revealed that both authoritative and permissive parenting have a positive influence on self-esteem in comparison to the negative influence of authoritarian parenting. Peer attachment also has an affirmative impact on self-esteem. Self-esteem also positively influences life satisfaction. Mediation results revealed that self-esteem partially mediates the association between three parenting styles, peer attachment, and life satisfaction. This study may offer unique insights to family counselors, couple counselors, and family educators about the role of different parenting styles and peer attachment with respect to the development of children’s self-esteem and life satisfaction. These results are also important for psychologists, sociologists, and other specialists with respect to understanding these factors for the well-being of adolescents.

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Multidimensional aspects related to shiftworkers' health and well-being

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102004000700013 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (suppl) ◽

pp. 86-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Giovanni Costa

Keyword(s):

Family Relations ◽

Biological Rhythms ◽

Well Being ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Human Dimensions ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Specific Work ◽

The Impact ◽

Health And Well Being

The impact of shift and night work on health shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability, both in terms of kind of troubles and temporal occurrence, related to various intervening factors dealing with individual characteristics, lifestyles, work demands, company organisation, family relations and social conditions. The way we define "health" and "well-being" can significantly influence appraisals, outcomes and interventions. As the goal is the optimisation of shiftworkers' health, it is necessary to go beyond the health protection and to act for health promotion. In this perspective, not only people related to medical sciences, but many other actors (ergonomists, psychologists, sociologists, educators, legislators), as well as shiftworkers themselves. Many models have been proposed aimed at describing the intervening variables mediating and/or moderating the effects; they try to define the interactions and the pathways connecting risk factors and outcomes through several human dimensions, which refer to physiology, psychology, pathology, sociology, ergonomics, economics, politics, and ethics. So, different criteria can be used to evaluate shiftworkers' health and well-being, starting from biological rhythms and ending in severe health disorders, passing through psychological strain, job dissatisfaction, family perturbation and social dis-adaptation, both in the short- and long-term. Consequently, it appears rather arbitrary to focus the problem of shiftworkers' health and tolerance only on specific aspects (e.g. individual characteristics), but a systemic approach appears more appropriate, able to match as many variables as possible, and aimed at defining which factors are the most relevant for those specific work and social conditions. This can support a more effective and profitable (for individuals, companies, and society) adoption of preventive and compensative measures, that must refer more to "countervalues" rather than to "counterweights".

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Navigating Music Teaching in Uncertain Times

General Music Today ◽

10.1177/1048371320961384 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104837132096138

Author(s):

Chiao-Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Peer Relationships ◽

Classroom Climate ◽

Music Teachers ◽

Well Being ◽

Thinking Skills ◽

Virtual Classroom ◽

Critical Thinking Skills ◽

Music Teaching ◽

Music Learning ◽

Teacher Student

As schools reopen and students return back to the classrooms, music teachers are faced with the challenge of how and what we could do (and continue to do) to support the well-being and music learning of our students in crises. I suggest that teachers take into consideration the various elements involved in creating engaging learning experiences. Recognize the changing classroom climate and student-teacher/student-peer relationships in the virtual classroom, it is necessary that we consider how to spark students’ motivation and generate meaningful dialogue, what strategies we apply to help our students develop critical thinking skills; how we connect with our students and address their emotional well-being while being physically separated from each other. As trivial as these ideas may appear on the surface, I believe that only when we truly listen and attend to the needs of our students will we provide the space for our students to flourish.

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Employee Well-Being Profiles During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Profile Analysis of French and UK Employees

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lotta K. Harju ◽

Joonas Rokka ◽

Maíra Magalhães Lopes ◽

Massimo Airoldi ◽

Karine Raïes

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

General Level ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Financial Situation ◽

Mixed Feelings ◽

Cross National ◽

Latent Profile

The coronavirus pandemic, social distancing, and lockdown measures have had an impact on employee well-being. This study uses Latent Profile Analysis to examine subjective well-being among employees during the first lockdown based on a cross-national survey in UK and France (n = 652). We identify five distinct well-being profiles, namely Moderately positive (67%), Languishing (18%), Flourishing (8%), Mixed feelings (4%), and Apathetic (3%). The results showed that while some employees were suffering, others managed to thrive and cope with the stresses of the lockdown. We also found that the profiles could be distinguished by perceived changes in financial situation and physical health as well as experienced boredom. Our study complements prior studies that examine the relations between individual characteristics and well-being during the pandemic on a general level by showing that employee well-being under lockdown is not the same across the board.

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