Introductory Chapter: Disability Within Contemporary Inclusion Dynamics: A Global Point of View

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vassilios Argyropoulos ◽  
Santoshi Halder
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View

History and Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Writing ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Current Return ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Three Phases

This introductory chapter assesses the role of theory in history and traces the developments in the discipline of history. Theoretical reflection about the ‘true nature’ of history fulfils three interrelated practical functions. First, theory legitimizes a specific historical practice—a specific way of ‘doing history’—as the best one from an epistemological and a methodological point of view. Second, theory sketches a specific programme of doing history. Third, theoretical reflections demarcate a specific way of ‘doing history’ from other ways of ‘doing history’, which are excluded or degraded. The chapter then considers three phases of theoretical changes from analytical to narrative philosophy of history, and then on to ‘history from below’ and the ‘presence’ of history, ultimately leading to the current return of fundamental ontological and normative questions concerning the status of history and history-writing.

Face, Image, and Analysis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Zhang ◽  
Yu-Jin Zhang ◽  
J.L. Molina ◽  
R. Giordano ◽  
J. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Face Image ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Face Image Analysis ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
General Technical

Face image analysis, consisting of automatic investigation of images of (human) faces, is a hot research topic and a fruitful field. This introductory chapter discusses several aspects of the history and scope of face image analysis and provides an outline of research development publications of this domain. More prominently, different modules and some typical techniques for face image analysis are listed, explained, described, or summarized from a general technical point of view. One picture of the advancements and the front of this complex and prominent field is provided. Finally, several challenges and prominent development directions for the future are identified.

The Publishing Profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Alison Rice
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maryse Conde ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Maryse Condé

The Introductory chapter examines the recent resurgence of the author in the Parisian literary landscape, approximately fifty years after critics like Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault put into question the centrality—indeed, the very concept—of this figure. Maryse Condé asserts that this is a development with great potential, for it allows the author to express her point of view in ways that she hadn’t felt authorized to do previously. There is also, however, the parallel possibility of according too much significance to the author, an option that becomes problematic when critics and readers concentrate on the identity of writers at the expense of a concern with the content of their work. Women writers from outside France are particularly susceptible to classification that sometimes permits a single trait (birthplace, ethnicity, gender) to determine how their texts are received. The “publishing profile” is a notion that refers in this analysis to the complicated and nuanced images of contemporary authors as they are currently composed. Their involvement in a number of undertakings—ranging from contributions to a book publication’s paratextual apparatus to public appearances such as television interviews and book festivals—means that authors are increasingly engaged in efforts to shape a composite impression of themselves. They thereby take advantage of diverse opportunities to contribute to carving out a profile that is made up of additive attributes that ultimately contradict reductive labels and restore to each author her complexity.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Music ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
Political Songs

This introductory chapter offers a scholarly glimpse into the world of southern gospel music from both a sacred and secular point of view. Here the author positions himself as both a gospel-music insider and outsider in discussing methods for how this book approaches and understands southern gospel's cultural functions. In addition, this chapter also functions as a primer on southern gospel music. Broadly defined, southern gospel songs fall into four general types. There are songs of celebration, as well as more commonplace toe-tappers and other upbeat feel-good songs; patriotic and political songs; songs of supplication; and songs of surrender. Across all song styles and types, a tension persists between the music's function as an instrument of conversion and as a vehicle of aesthetic satisfaction.

Introduction

Prejudice ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Endre Begby
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Order ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View ◽  
Moral Responsibilities ◽  
Epistemological Point

This introductory chapter seeks a preliminary clarification of what prejudice is and why it is a cause of persistent normative concern. It then distinguishes between two normative vocabularies in which that concern can be framed: the moral and the epistemic. When we consider prejudice from a moral point of view, we are concerned with the harms suffered by people who are targeted by prejudiced beliefs, and the moral responsibilities incurred by those who hold these beliefs. When we consider prejudice from an epistemological point of view we are concerned with the cognitive processes by which people come to hold these beliefs. This book is primarily focused on the epistemology of prejudice: the first order of the day is to explain why we should not hope to ground our account of the moral wrongs flowing from prejudice in an account of the epistemic wrongs committed by those who hold these beliefs.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Rod Downey ◽  
Noam Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Computability Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Algorithmic Complexity ◽  
Turing Degrees ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of computability theory. The roots of computability theory go back to the work of Borel, Dedekind, Hermann, Dehn, and others in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From a modern point of view, these authors were highly interested in algorithmic procedures in algebra. What does it take to perform a certain construction? In computability theory, this question is the basis of a long-term programme which seeks to understand the relationship between dynamic properties of sets and their algorithmic complexity. The main thesis of this book is that where the computably enumerable (c.e.) Turing degrees are concerned, a degree can compute complicated objects if and only if some functions in the degree are difficult to approximate. Computability-theoretic tools allow one to quantify precisely what is meant by “difficult to approximate,”

Production and Users

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Swift
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Relationship

There have been many previous studies of Roman production, most notably with regard to pottery vessels such as Samian, but also examinations of the production methods of other industries such as glass manufacture or bone-working. Most of these studies have entailed the consideration of detailed evidence from production sites such as kilns or furnaces, and the study of part-made objects and the debris that results from the production process. Finished objects have also been studied with a view to reconstructing some aspects of production, particularly the relationship between artefact features such as stamps and particular workshops or production areas. The production process has, therefore, normally been studied either as an end in itself, or as a means to understand provenance and patterns of trade. In this chapter, I take a different approach, focusing instead on the relationship between production processes and user experience. This has of course already been considered in an indirect way in the previous chapters, in which particular artefact features produced by various production methods have been analysed from the point of view of users. Yet as outlined in the introductory chapter, there is also scope for a more explicit consideration of the relationship between users and production processes, particularly in relation to scales of production and issues such as standardization. We can also examine how constraints on production (for instance those that result from the use of specific materials) in turn impact on the finished product, and so on user experience. Firstly, we will examine the production process of dice, and secondly, production methods for some types of glass vessels. The production process of bone dice is well understood since evidence survives of manufacturing waste as well as the finished product. For bone carving in general, the metapodial bones were favoured, as they were relatively straight. Although they were hollow in the centre, they offered a reasonable volume of solid material. Large dice were made from the complete bone, with a hollow core that had to be plugged at either end.

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