Effect of Welding Processes on the Mechanical Properties of Hardox 400 Steel Welded Joints

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Ranbir Singh Multani ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Ajay Gupta ◽  
Jaswant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Processes

Characterization of Dissimilar Welded Joints Between Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Grades for Liquid Tank Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ubertalli ◽  
M. Ferraris ◽  
P. Matteis ◽  
D. Di Saverio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Welding Processes

Lean duplex stainless steels have similar corrosion and better mechanical properties than the austenitic grades, which ensure their extensive spreading in industrial applications as a substitute of austenitic grades. In the construction of liquid tanks, however, it is often necessary to weld such steels with a range of fittings which are commonly fabricated with austenitic stainless steel grades. Therefore, this paper examines dissimilar welded joints between LDX 2101 (or X2CrMnNiN22-5-2) lean duplex stainless steels plates and austenitic stainless steel pipes, carried out by different arc welding processes. The investigation focuses on the correlation between the welding procedures and the microstructural and mechanical properties of the welded joints.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Selected Properties of Welded Joints in High-Strength Steels

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Lechosław Tuz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Welding Processes

The use of technologically advanced structural materials entails the necessity of adjusting typical welding processes to special requirements resulting from the limited weldability of certain material groups. Difficulties obtaining high-quality joints may be the consequence of deteriorated mechanical properties and structural changes in materials (beyond requirements of related standards). One of the aforementioned materials is steel characterised by a guaranteed yield point of 1300 MPa, where high strength is obtained through the addition of slight amounts of carbide-forming elements and the application of complex heat treatment processes. A heat input during welding may worsen the aforesaid properties not only in the weld but also in the adjacent material. The tests discussed in the article revealed that the crucial area was that heated below a temperature of 600°C, where the hardness of the material decreased from approximately 520 HV to 330 HV.

Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum AA-6061 Butt-Welded Joints

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay A. Kardak ◽  
M. A. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Weld Heat

Aluminum alloys because of their high strength to weight ratio have various applications as structural material in railways, ship building, aeronautics, construction, and consumer appliances. This increased use of aluminum alloys calls for more efficient and reliable welding processes which has always represented a great challenge for designers and technologists. AA-6061 Aluminum Alloy (Al-Mg-Si) is widely used in the aircraft industry and has gathered wider acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures. The preferred welding process for this alloy is Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process due to their comparatively easier applicability, high yield, and better economy. Major difficulties are associated with this type of welding process, such as, the presence of tenacious oxide layer, high coefficient of thermal expansion, solidification shrinkage, solubility of hydrogen, and other gases in the molten state. Furthermore, problems such as decay of mechanical properties due to phase transformation and softening can occur in the heat-affected-zone (HAZ). Post weld heat treatment can be used to improve the strength of the HAZ for heat-treatable alloys like AA-6061. Hence, the major objectives of this work was to conduct a systematic study and gain an in-depth understanding of the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of these joints on tensile properties, micro hardness, microstructure, and fracture surface morphology of butt-welded joints. It was found that of all the PWHT processes, Age-hardening (AH) resulted in superior mechanical properties and hardness. The reason for this enhanced strength has also been studied from metallurgical point of view. Microstructure and fracture surface of the tensile tested specimens were studied using light microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Correlation has been drawn between the tensile test results, microhardness and the metallurgical results. It was found that the uniformly dense precipitation of fine Mg2Si, and the lack of precipitate-free zone could be the reason for the superior results found.

Effect of Different Arc Welding Processes on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Ramor 500 Armor Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Günen ◽  
Selçuk Bayar ◽  
Mustafa Serdar Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Armor Steel ◽  
Welding Processes

Abstract In the present study, Ramor 500 armor steel plates were automatically welded using cold metal transfer arc welding (CMT), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and hybrid plasma arc welding (HPAW) methods. To investigate the effects of three different fusion welding methods on metallurgical and mechanical properties, the welded joints were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and also subjected to radiographic, hardness, tensile, and notched impact tests. The weld metal (WM) region of the GMAW and HPAW joints consisted of massive austenite. In the CMT welded joint, the WM consisted mainly of dendritic austenite and a minor amount of δ-ferrite. Regardless of the welding process, the hardness of both the WM and heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions was found to be higher than the base metal (BM). The tensile strengths obtained by CMT, GMAW, and HPAW were 45%, 50%, and 65% of the BM, respectively. Cleavage-type brittle fractures occurred in the GMAW and HPAW welded joints, while localized ductile fractures occurred in the CMT joints. Tensile test specimens of the CMT joints fractured in the WM, while the GMAW and HPAW joints fractured in the HAZ. In terms of notch toughness, the CMT joints exhibited better impact resistance compared with the BM. GMAW and HPAW joints displayed less impact resistance than the BM, with values comparable with previous studies in the literature.

scholarly journals Structural Aspects of Execution and Thermal Treatment of Welded Joints of Hardox Extreme Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Structural Aspects

The paper presents structure and mechanical properties of welded joints of the high-strength, abrasive-wear resistant steel Hardox Extreme. It was shown that, as a result of welding this steel, structures conducive to lowering its abrasion-wear resistance are created in the heat-affected zone. Width of the zone exceeds 60 mm, which results in accelerated wear in the planned applications. On the grounds of the carried-out examinations of structures and selected mechanical properties, a welding technology followed by heat treatment of heat-affected zones was suggested, leading to reconstruction of HAZ structures that is morphologically close to the base material structure. In spite of high carbon equivalent (CEV) of Hardox Extreme, the executed welding processes and heat treatment did not result in the appearance, in laboratory conditions, of welding imperfections in the welded joints.

scholarly journals Combined Calorimetry, Thermo-Mechanical Analysis and Tensile Test on Welded EN AW-6082 Joints

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Wiechmann ◽  
Hannes Panwitt ◽  
Horst Heyer ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Manuela Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Welding Processes

Wide softening zones are typical for welded joints of age hardened aluminium alloys. In this study, the microstructure evolution and distribution of mechanical properties resulting from welding processes of the aluminium alloy EN AW-6082 (AlSi1MgMn) was analysed by both in-situ and ex-situ investigations. The in-situ thermal analyses included differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which was used to characterise the dissolution and precipitation behaviour in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of welded joints. Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) by means of compression tests was used to determine the mechanical properties of various states of the microstructure after the welding heat input. The necessary temperature–time courses in the HAZ for these methods were measured using thermocouples during welding. Additionally, ex-situ tensile tests were done both on specimens from the fusion zone and on welded joints, and their in-depth analysis with digital image correlation (DIC) accompanied by finite element simulations serve for the description of flow curves in different areas of the weld. The combination of these methods and the discussion of their results make an essential contribution to understand the influence of welding heat on the material properties, particularly on the softening behaviour. Furthermore, the distributed strength characteristic of the welded connections is required for an applicable estimation of the load-bearing capacity of welded aluminium structures by numerical methods.

scholarly journals Effect of TIG and FSW Welding Processes on Mechanical Properties of Al-4.2Mg-0.6Mn-0.4Sc-0.1Zr Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Mallipudi ◽  
Tangudu Sai Shankar ◽  
Perumalla Srikar ◽  
Uppda Bhanoji Rao ◽  
Yandra Chandrasekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Processes

Abstract In this study, friction stir welding (FSW) and Tungsten gas welding (TIG) processes were used to weld 5 mm thick Al-4.2Mg-0.6Mn-0.4Sc-0.1Zr alloy plates. The FSwelds and TIG welds were tested for mechanical properties (hardness, ultimate tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength) by means of vicker’s hardness machine, universal testing machine and impact test machine respectively. The strength of the base material was higher, compared to the strength of the FSW and TIG welded joints. The strength of the TIG welded joint decreased, compared to the strength of the FSW welded joint. The microstructure features were also observed for base material with the aid of metallurgical microscope and compared the same with the microstructures of FSW and TIG welded joints. FSW change the material strength due to fine-grain refinement in the stir zone in Al-4.2Mg-0.6Mn-0.4Sc-0.1Zr alloy and therefore FS welded joint exhibited 91.6% joint efficiency followed by the TIG welded joint of 69.8%.

Prediction of heat affected zone and other mechanical properties of welded joints of HSLA A588-B of jet blast deflector

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Waghmare ◽  
A.S. Dhoble ◽  
Ravindra Taiwade ◽  
Jagesvar Verma ◽  
Himanshu Vashishtha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict and optimize the width of heat affected zone (HAZ) with better mechanical properties using suitable welding process and parameters for the fabrication of jet blast deflector (JBD) (high strength low alloy material of grade A588-B was used for fabrication) so that the JBD can sustain high exhaust parameters, because there are different welding zones formed due to the rapid cooling of weld metals. Out of the various zones of welding, HAZ remains the weakest zone in the entire weldment. Design/methodology/approach The present work describes the modeling, simulation, Modeling of three-dimensional plate and mess generation process are carried out using ICEM CFD software. FLUENT 16.0 software is used for ANSYS simulation where various models are used for analysis and results are validated with the experimental outcomes. High strength low alloy plates are welded by using shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes with two different electrodes. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for metallurgical study. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength test, vickers microhardness test and impact test. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by performing the potentiodynamic polarization test. Findings The present study indicated for better mechanical properties and improved corrosion resistance for TIG welded joints with type 308 L filler. Practical implications In aeronautical, defense, space and research organizations. Originality/value It can be shown from the scanning electron microscope technique that sound weld joint is produced with very good mechanical properties and joint also showed better corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Welding Capabilities of Nanostructured Carbide-Free Bainite: Review of Welding Methods, Materials, Problems, and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Królicka ◽  
Andrzej Ambroziak ◽  
Andrzej Żak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Welding Processes

This article presents state-of-the-art welding methods and the weldability aspect of steels, particularly high-carbon nanobainitic (NB) steels, without carbide precipitates (CFB—carbide-free bainite). On the basis of research conducted to date, all welding methods with parameters and weld metals for NB CFB are presented. It was found that the process parameters significantly affected the mechanical properties of the welds, which were determined primarily by the properties of the low-temperature heat-affected zone. The microstructures of welded joints in the heat-affected and fusion zones are also described. The general requirements for welding processes, as well as problems and perspectives for further research, are presented.

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