scholarly journals Biobordering as a Concept

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Nina Amelung ◽  
Rafaela Granja ◽  
Helena Machado
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
State Autonomy ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
National State ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This chapter introduces the concept of ‘biobordering’. Taking the nationally grown crime control regimes into account, we argue that the proposed concept of bioborders is useful in capturing how the territorial foundations of national state autonomy are partially reclaimed (what we call rebordering) and at the same time partially purposefully suspended (what we call debordering). The concept of biobordering is particularly fruitful for understanding how modes of bordering entangle with large-scale IT database infrastructures for the exchange of biometric data in the context of crime control. It highlights in particular the legal, scientific, technical, political and ethical dimensions of data exchange across borders across the EU. The chapter reviews recent insights from border studies and continues by outlining components and dynamics of biobordering that make bioborders more or less permeable for expansive biometric data exchange.

scholarly journals Biometric Data Sharing in Addressing Irregular Migration and Security Issues within The Bali Process Framework for Indonesia and ASEAN Member States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Masitoh Indriani ◽  
Amira Paripurna
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Asean Member

The Bali Process Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime acknowledges the large scale and complexity of irregular migration challenges both within and outside the Asia Pacific region. As one of the efforts to decrease irregular migration in this region, the Regional Support Office of the Bali Process (RSO) was established in 2012 to support the implementation of the Bali Process. In this regard, the Bali Process led to an opportunity to develop the use of technology and biometrics data sharing in migration and border management. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the law and policy in addressing the issue of irregular migration in Indonesia. It also explores the development of the utilization of technology and biometrics in the area of migration, security and border management, as a measure in addressing the problem of irregular migration. The discussion focuses on the role and challenges of technology and biometrics data exchange in border management as one of the most important agreements on the Bali Process. This study finds that the gaps within the ASEAN member states in regulating privacy rights and data protection have caused the difficulties in sharing and exchange data/information particularly biometric data. The method used in this research is the doctrinal legal research, which is mainly referred to as library-based research.

scholarly journals Criminal Justice and Global Public Goods

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This article places sharing forensic biometric data for international criminal justice cooperation purposes within the domain of global public goods. Such cooperation is a rational response to globalisation, but faces several obstacles. These range from sociocultural and political concerns about national legal and criminal justice autonomy to the potential impact of market fundamentalism on scientific standardisation and cooperation mechanism delivery. The significance of such inhibitors will vary as societal and personal perceptions of stability change. These issues are examined by analysing the progress achieved with the EU Prüm forensic biometric data exchange model. Shocks to European stability, such as the increased scale of terrorist crimes and the UK EU referendum result will inevitably test the resilience of Prüm. Combining insights from global public goods and criminal law scholarship, however, may help to identify how reactions to such shocks, including questions about future UK participation in Prüm, might be managed.

scholarly journals Recent developments of interoperability in the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Regulations (EU) 2019/817 and 2019/818

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Alexandre Au-Yong Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Present Context ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Regulation 2019/817 and Regulation 2019/818 establish a framework for the interoperability between EU large scale information systems in the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice. The new rules on interoperability aim at providing easier information sharing and to improve security in the EU, while safeguarding fundamental rights. This presupposes that the data is fully trustworthy and only accessed in legitimate ways. Due to the nature of the data, especially biometric data, and the scale of the databases, security is an obvious concern. These problems imply a high level of trust between the Member States, persons and entities that will use the information systems. Trust between Member States is not an axiom in the present context of the EU as recent CJEU decisions reveal and imply, among other aspects, a common institutional background.

scholarly journals Study of efficiency of simplication of customs formalities on the digitalization basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4(57)) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Lebid ◽  
Tetyana Anufriyeva ◽  
Hanna Savenko ◽  
Viktoriia Skrypnyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transit System ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Eu

The object of research is the processes of data exchange between subjects of foreign economic activity when performing customs procedures, namely, the introduction of a new computerized transit system NCTS within the framework of improving and harmonizing customs procedures. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of knowledge and awareness in the implementation of reforms on trade facilitation measures, and therefore there is a need to be able to reduce costs at the border, and costs associated with foreign trade transactions. The perspective is considered and the assessment of the state of modern customs policy is carried out on the example of Ukraine, the mechanisms of application of customs instruments for regulating foreign trade during the digitalization of customs are determined. The dynamics of export-import operations of Ukraine with other countries is analyzed. In 2020, exporting companies estimate the work of customs significantly better by 15 % compared to 2019. Among enterprises of various sizes, micro-enterprises often report problems at customs, and the greatest problems are considered to be overstatement of customs value of goods and outdated equipment of customs control zones. It is shown that one of the ways to improve the efficiency of customs procedures is to minimize personal contacts between the customs officer and the client, transfer most of the transactions online, use electronic services and mobile applications. Also, in the near future, a large-scale reconstruction of checkpoints is planned to reduce queues. It is found that the customs clearance procedures are not sufficiently automated, and the customs authorities are entrusted with many obligations. Thus, the customs authorities of Ukraine are forced to control goods during customs clearance more carefully than in the EU countries. The average duration of customs clearance of imported goods by the customs authorities of Ukraine is from 1 to 4 hours, depending on the region, while in developed countries such clearance takes only a few minutes. The conducted research is interesting for the participants of the international transport market. Since for business enterprises the use of one transit declaration for the delivery of goods from one country to another (from the customs office of departure to the customs office of destination), according to the general transit procedure, reduces the cost of customs procedures and the time required for their passage. Consequently, it reduces queues at the border, which means a faster flow of goods.

scholarly journals Portugal

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Nina Amelung ◽  
Rafaela Granja ◽  
Helena Machado
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Ethical Oversight ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The Portuguese DNA database was established in 2008 and is one of the smallest DNA databases in the EU. Portugal has one of the most restrictive regulatory frameworks in the EU in relation to the criteria for the entry and deletion of DNA profiles. The country started connecting with the Prüm system’s genetic data exchange in 2015. In terms of bordering practices, Portugal serves as an example of latent rebordering dynamics. This is because the requirements of the EU regulations regarding Prüm have been fully implemented in Portugal in terms of techno-scientific and operational infrastructures, yet Portugal simultaneously severely restricts access to biometric data. This situation derives from particularities of Portugal’s national policy regulations on data protection and its judicial traditions as well as regulations on ethical oversight.

THE SOME QUESTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS MOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND-MOBILE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN GROUND FORCESE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. Кravchuk ◽  
V. Symonenkov ◽  
I. Symonenkova ◽  
O. Hryhorev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Aneta Zakrzewska ◽  
Piotr Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

Borders as penal transplants: Control of territory, mobility and illegality in West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062199545
Author(s):  
Eva Magdalena Stambøl
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Political Technology ◽  
Geographical Scope

This article explores an increasingly significant trend in crime and mobility control that has received scant criminological attention: border externalization, specifically scrutinizing land border security-building by international actors in West Africa. Going beyond the usual focus on migration in border studies, it develops a criminologically grounded theorization of the border as a political technology of crime control and its relationship to the state. This is done by arguing that borders, theorized as ‘penal transplants’ embodying specific (western) visions of state, political power, social control/order and territoriality, are transformed and often distorted when performed in ‘heterarchical’ contexts in the global South. Further, empirically based concepts from ‘the periphery’ are suggested to enrich border criminology, broadening its geographical scope and spatial awareness.

scholarly journals Robots for Elderly Care in the Home: A Landscape Analysis and Co-Design Toolkit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Bardaro ◽  
Alessio Antonini ◽  
Enrico Motta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractOver the last two decades, several deployments of robots for in-house assistance of older adults have been trialled. However, these solutions are mostly prototypes and remain unused in real-life scenarios. In this work, we review the historical and current landscape of the field, to try and understand why robots have yet to succeed as personal assistants in daily life. Our analysis focuses on two complementary aspects: the capabilities of the physical platform and the logic of the deployment. The former analysis shows regularities in hardware configurations and functionalities, leading to the definition of a set of six application-level capabilities (exploration, identification, remote control, communication, manipulation, and digital situatedness). The latter focuses on the impact of robots on the daily life of users and categorises the deployment of robots for healthcare interventions using three types of services: support, mitigation, and response. Our investigation reveals that the value of healthcare interventions is limited by a stagnation of functionalities and a disconnection between the robotic platform and the design of the intervention. To address this issue, we propose a novel co-design toolkit, which uses an ecological framework for robot interventions in the healthcare domain. Our approach connects robot capabilities with known geriatric factors, to create a holistic view encompassing both the physical platform and the logic of the deployment. As a case study-based validation, we discuss the use of the toolkit in the pre-design of the robotic platform for an pilot intervention, part of the EU large-scale pilot of the EU H2020 GATEKEEPER project.

scholarly journals An intelligent management system for aquaponics

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Divas Karimanzira ◽  
Thomas Rauschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Intelligent Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aquaculture Production ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and food security require efficient and sustainable food production. Aquaponics is a highly efficient way of farming and is becoming increasingly popular. However, large scale aquaponics still lack stability, standardization and proof of economical profitability. The EU-INAPRO project helps to overcome these limitations by introducing digitization, enhanced technology, and developing standardized modular scalable solutions and demonstrating the viability of large aquaponics. INAPRO is based on an innovation a double water recirculation system (DRAPS), one for fish, and the other one for crops. In DRAPS, optimum conditions can be set up individually for fish and crops to increase productivity of both. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies and data management in the aquaculture production and processing systems will enable full traceability and transparency in the processes, increasing consumers’ trust in aquaculture products. In this paper, the innovations and the digitization approach will be introduced and explained and the key benefits of the system will be emphasized.

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