scholarly journals Civil Society and Latent Mobilisation Under Authoritarian Neoliberal Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
Bilge Yabancı
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Left Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Civic Space

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the impact of Turkey’s authoritarian neoliberal governance on the transformation of civil society with a particular focus on latent counter-mobilisation. The first section focuses on how Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP) has transformed civic space through a selective approach that switches between repression and facilitation. The AKP represses autonomous and dissident organisations and activists through judicial harassment and new regulations while facilitating the growth of a government-oriented civil society sector (GONGOs). The GONGOs fulfil two aims: softening the immediate effects of the state’s withdrawal from social provision and generating bottom-up consent for authoritarian neoliberal governance. The second section analyses resistance against the AKP’s authoritarian neoliberalism by focusing on the case of a unique social movement, Müslüman Sol hareket (Muslim Left movement), which fuses class politics with Islamic social justice. Based on insights from original fieldwork and interviews with activists conducted in 2018–2019 in Turkey, the discussion demonstrates that the syncretic amalgamation of socialism with Islamic justice has emerged at the unexpected intersections of ideologies and everyday experiences and challenges simultaneously the AKP’s neoliberal exploitation, instrumentalisation and politicisation of religion, and authoritarian governance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neoliberalism on Civil Society and Nonprofit Advocacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Alexander ◽  
Kandyce Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Political Advocacy ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Civic Space ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Nonprofit Advocacy

AbstractThe following manuscript employs critical inquiry to analyze the effects of neoliberalism on nonprofits in the U.S. and their capacity to engage in political advocacy and the production of meaning, a pivotal role for civil society institutions. Three false narratives of how nonprofits support democracy are presented followed by a discussion of how neoliberalism and the economization of the sector has delimited their capacity to fulfill their roles of engaging in emancipatory projects or social change. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of how nonprofits can reclaim civic space and empower citizens in a representative democracy.

Optimalisasi Peran Perempuan Sebagai Strategi Alternatif Kebijakan Publik Dalam Menekan Penyebaran Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-736
Author(s):  
Ida Susilowati ◽  
Fadhlan Nur Hakiem
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a hot topic since the end of 2019.  The virus, which was first discovered in Wuhan, has become a global security pandemic, namely health security that has an impact on economic security. The significance of the increase in covid-19 cases cannot be underestimated because it has caused hundreds of thousands of victims to die in approximately 6 months. Various national policies are implemented in each country to deal with it. This article seeks to present alternative policies for the government through a bottom up pattern, namely through the strength of civil society as the impact of the pandemic, which is integrated with local government policies, considering society as the foundation of a country's strength. The role of civil society here is focused on the role of women as one of the strategic agents of public policy dissemination, to increase public awareness of Covid-19 as an effort to reduce the number of Covid-19 cases. Women are considered to be able to play a dual role in a pandemic situation and have a strategic role through their families in increasing public awareness of Covid-19. So that by optimizing the role of women, it is hoped that they will be able to help the government in reducing the number of Covid-19 cases.Keywords: Role of Women, Covid-19 Pandemic, Alternative Policy, Civil Society AbstrakCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) menjadi trending topik sejak akhir 2019 hingga saat ini. Virus yang pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan ini menjadi sebuah pandemi keamanan global, yaitu keamanan kesehatan yang berdampak terhadap keamanan ekonomi. Signifikansi peningkatan kasus covid-19 menjadi hal yang tidak dapat dianggap remeh karena telah menyebabkan ratusan ribu korban meninggal dalam waktu kurang lebih 6 bulan. Berbagai kebijakan nasional diterapkan di setiap negara untuk menghadapinya. Artikel ini berusaha untuk menyuguhkan kebijakan alternatif bagi pemerintah melalui pola bottom up, yaitu melalui kekuatan masyarakat sipil sebagai terdampak pandemi, yang diintegrasikan dengan kebijakan pemerintah setempat, mengingat masyarakat sebagai pondasi kekuatan suatu negara. Peran civil society disini difokuskan pada peran perempuan sebagai salah satu agen strategis sosialisasi kebijakan publik, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap covid-19 sebagai upaya menekan angka kasus covid-19. Perempuan dinilai mampu berperan ganda dalam situasi pandemi dan memiliki peran strategis melalui keluarga dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap covid-19. Sehingga dengan mengoptimalkan peran perempuan, diharap mampu membantu pemerintah dalam menekan angka kasus covid-19.Kata Kunci: Peran Perempuan, Pandemi Covid-19, Kebijakan Alternatif, Civil Society

The ‘movementisation’ of the Labour Party and the future of labour organising

2018 ◽  
pp. 254-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Avril
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
The Future ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Movement Activities ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Drawing from political science and organisational studies, but also from social movement analysis, this chapter examines the current terms of the debate on the future of Labour organising and tracks the emergence of hybrid forms of political parties with emphasis now placed on social movement activities alongside traditional election campaigning. This process of ‘movementisation’ is couched by some in optimistic terms as a way to reconnect the party with civil society, while others point on the contrary to the dangers such an evolution may entail, arguing that radicalisation will alienate the party further from the interests of the wider electorate. The analysis starts with some methodological considerations, continues with a presentation of Labour supporting groups and movements, with particular focus on the most recent one – Momentum – and then leads to an appraisal of the impact which this process is having on the structure and mobilising power of the Labour party.

THE NEW-NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: ARE SOCIAL MEDIA CHANGING THE ONTOLOGY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Bart Cammaerts
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
The Impact

Our hypermediated societies affect the very nature of what a social movement is. This article identifies five core nodal points of what constitutes a social movement: Program claims, Identity construction, Connections, Actions, and Resolve (PICAR). Primarily using France’s yellow vest movement case, I assess the impact of social media on these nodal points. I find that social media afford opportunities as well as present challenges for contemporary movements which taken together amounts to a newly emerging ontology. This new-new social movement ontology is characterized by processes of discontinuity (open ideological positioning, fluid collective identities, weak ties, an online repertoire of action, and relative ephemerality) co-existing with continuity (the return of a class politics of redistribution, the continued importance of collective identity, offline repertoires, and cycles of protest). This analysis demonstrates the dynamic interplay between political and mediation opportunity structures, producing new emancipatory potentials and challenging constraints.

scholarly journals Foreign investment in emerging legal medicinal cannabis markets: the Jamaica case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rychert ◽  
Machel Anthony Emanuel ◽  
Chris Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The establishment of a legal market for medicinal cannabis under the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2015 has positioned Jamaica at the forefront of cannabis law reform in the developing world. Many local cannabis businesses have attracted investment from overseas, including from Canada, US and Europe. Aim To explore the opportunities and risks of foreign investment in an emerging domestic legal cannabis market in a developing country. Methods Thematic analysis of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 22 key informants (KIs) from the Jamaican government, local cannabis industry, academia and civil society, and field observations of legal and illegal cannabis cultivators. Results KIs from the Jamaican public agencies and domestic cannabis entrepreneurs saw foreign investment as an essential source of capital to finance the start-up costs of legal cannabis businesses. Local cannabis entrepreneurs prioritised investors with the greatest financial resources, brand reputation and export networks. They also considered how allied an investor was with their business vision (e.g., organic cultivation, medical vs. recreational). The key benefits of partnering with a foreign investor included transfer of technical knowledge and financial capital, which enhanced production, quality assurance and seed-to-sale tracking. Some KIs expressed concern over investors’ focus on increasing production efficiency and scale at the expense of funding research and development (R&D) and clinical trials. KIs from the local industry, government agencies and civil society highlighted the risks of ‘predatory’ shareholder agreements and domestic political interference. Concerns were raised about the impact of foreign investment on the diversity of the domestic cannabis sector in Jamaica, including the commitment to transition traditional illegal small-scale cannabis cultivators to the legal sector. Conclusion While foreign investment has facilitated the commercialisation of the cannabis sector in Jamaica, regulatory measures are also needed to protect the domestic industry and support the transition of small-scale illegal cultivators to the legal regime. Foreign investments may alter the economic, social and political determinants of health in transitioning from illegal to legal cannabis market economy.

scholarly journals Attrition as a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110192
Author(s):  
Trix van Mierlo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
System A ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Democratic System

Oftentimes, democracy is not spread out evenly over the territory of a country. Instead, pockets of authoritarianism can persist within a democratic system. A growing body of literature questions how such subnational authoritarian enclaves can be democratized. Despite fascinating insights, all existing pathways rely on the actions of elites and are therefore top-down. This article seeks to kick-start the discussion on a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization, by proposing the attrition mechanism. This mechanism consists of four parts and is the product of abductive inference through theory-building causal process tracing. The building blocks consist of subnational democratization literature, social movement theory, and original empirical data gathered during extensive field research. This case study focuses on the ‘Dynasty Slayer’ in the province of Isabela, the Philippines, where civil society actors used the attrition mechanism to facilitate subnational democratization. This study implies that civil society actors in subnational authoritarian enclaves have agency.

scholarly journals When Authenticity Goes Missing: How Monocultural Children’s Literature Is Silencing the Voices and Contributing to Invisibility of Children from Minority Backgrounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Helen Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Impact

The importance of recognising, valuing and respecting a child’s family, culture, language and values is central to socially just education and is increasingly articulated in educational policy worldwide. Inclusive children’s literature can support children’s human rights and contribute to equitable and socially just outcomes for all children. However, evidence suggests many educational settings provide monocultural book collections which are counterproductive to principles of diversity and social justice. Further, that educators’ understandings and beliefs about diversity can contribute to inequitable provision and use of diverse books and to inequitable outcomes of book sharing for many children. This paper reports on a larger study investigating factors and relationships influencing the use of children’s literature to support principles of cultural diversity in the kindergarten rooms of long day care centres. The study was conducted within an ontological perspective of constructivism and an epistemological perspective of interpretivism informed by sociocultural theory. A mixed methods approach was adopted, and convergent design was employed interpret significant relationships and their meanings. Twenty-four educators and 110 children from four long day care centres in Western Australia participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, video-based observations, field notes, document analysis and a book audit. This study firstly identified that current book collections in kindergarten rooms of long day care centres promote mono-cultural viewpoints and ‘othering’ of minority groups through limited access to books portraying inclusive and authentic cultural diversity. Secondly, that educators had limited understandings of the role of literature in acknowledging and valuing diversity and rarely used it to promote principles of diversity, resulting in a practice of “othering” those from minority group backgrounds. The key challenges which emerged from the study concerned beliefs, understanding and confidence of educators about diversity and inclusion, and the impact of these on their approaches to promoting principles of diversity through the use of children’s books. This research contributes to discussion on the value of children’s literature in achieving international principles of diversity. These findings have important social justice implications. The outcomes of this study have implications for educators, policy makers, early childhood organisations and those providing higher education and training for early childhood educators.

scholarly journals Dispositions that matter: Investigating criminalized women’s resettlement through their (trans)carceral habitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110173
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Feminist Work

Whether prisoner resettlement is framed in terms of public health, safety, economic prudence, recidivism, social justice, or humanitarianism, it is difficult to overstate its importance. This article investigates women’s experiences exiting prison in Canada to deepen understandings of post-carceral trajectories and their implications. It combines feminist work on transcarceration and Bourdieusian theory with qualitative research undertaken in Canada to propose the (trans)carceral habitus as a theoretical innovation. This research illuminates the continuity of criminalized women’s marginalization before and beyond their imprisonment, the embodied nature of these experiences, and the adaptive dispositions that they have demonstrated and depended on throughout their lives. In doing so, this article extends criminological work on carceral habitus which has rarely considered the experiences of women. Implications for resettlement are discussed by tracing the impact of criminalized women’s (trans)carceral habitus (i.e. distrust, skepticism, vigilance about their environments and relationships) on their willingness to access support and services offered by resettlement organizations.

From salvation to inquiry: Preservice teachers’ conceptions of race

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-384
Author(s):  
Lucinda Grace Heimer
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Future Teacher ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Impact

Race is a marker hiding more complex narratives. Children identify the social cues that continue to segregate based on race, yet too often teachers fail to provide support for making sense of these worlds. Current critical scholarship highlights the importance of addressing issues of race, culture, and social justice with future teachers. The timing of this work is urgent as health, social and civil unrest due to systemic racism in the U.S. raise critiques and also open possibilities to reimagine early childhood education. Classroom teachers feel pressure to standardize pedagogy and outcomes yet meet myriad student needs and talents in complex settings. This study builds on the current literature as it uses one case study to explore institutional messages and student perceptions in a future teacher education program that centers race, culture, identity, and social justice. Teaching as a caring profession is explored to illuminate the impact authentic, aesthetic, and rhetorical care may have in classrooms. Using key tenets of Critical Race Theory as an analytical tool enhanced the case study process by focusing the inquiry on identity within a racist society. Four themes are highlighted related to institutional values, rigorous coursework, white privilege, and connecting individual racial and cultural understanding with classroom practice. With consideration of ethical relationality, teacher education programs begin to address the impact of racist histories. This work calls for individualized critical inquiry regarding future teacher understanding of “self” in new contexts as well as an investigation of how teacher education programs fit into larger institutional philosophies.

A National Treasure? The Role of Civil Society in Promoting and Enforcing Human Rights in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Economic Rights

Abstract The article investigates the negative attitude towards civil society over the last decade in the United Kingdom and the repercussions for human rights. It considers this in the context of the United Kingdom government’s implementation of the policy of austerity. It reflects on the various policy and legal changes, and the impact on the campaigning and advocacy work of civil society organizations, particularly those that work on social and economic rights.

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