scholarly journals Real-Time Element Movement in a Plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-168
Author(s):  
Tomoko M. Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Microscopic Imaging ◽  
Expression Site ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Movement

AbstractWe developed an imaging method utilizing the available RIs. We developed two types of real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS), one for macroscopic imaging and the other for microscopic imaging. The principle of visualization was the same, converting the radiation to light by a Cs(Tl)I scintillator deposited on a fiber optic plate (FOS). Many nuclides were employed, including 14C, 18F, 22Na, 28Mg, 32P 33P, 35S, 42K, 45Ca, 48V, 54Mn, 55Fe, 59Fe, 65Zn, 86Rb, 109Cd, and 137Cs.Since radiation can penetrate the soil as well as water, the difference between soil culture and water culture was visualized. 137Cs was hardly absorbed by rice roots growing in soil, whereas water culture showed high absorption, which could provide some reassurance after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and could indicate an important role of soil in firmly adsorbing the radioactive cesium.28Mg and 42K, whose production methods were presented, were applied for RRIS to visualize the absorption image from the roots. In addition to 28Mg and 42K, many nuclides were applied to image absorption in the roots. Each element showed a specific absorption speed and accumulation pattern. The image analysis of the absorption of Mg is presented as an example. Through successive images of the element absorption, phloem flow in the aboveground part of the plant was analyzed. The element absorption was visualized not only in the roots but also in the leaves, a basic study of foliar fertilization.In the case of the microscopic imaging system, a fluorescence microscope was modified to acquire three images at the same time: a light image, fluorescent image, and radiation image. Although the resolution of the image was estimated to be approximately 50 μm, superposition showed the expression site of the transporter gene and the actual 32P-phosphate absorption site to be the same in Arabidopsis roots.

GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES IDENTIFIED BY FLUORESCENCE ENDOMICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250026 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGCHUN BAO ◽  
ALEX BOUSSIOUTAS ◽  
MCGEAREY ALEIXANDRIA ◽  
RITA BUSUTTIL ◽  
MIN GU
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
White Light ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Microscopic Imaging ◽  
White Light Endoscopy ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gastrointestinal Abnormalities

Real-time in vivo microscopic imaging has become a reality with the advent of confocal and nonlinear endomicroscopy. These devices are best utilized in conjunction with standard white light endoscopy. We evaluated the use of fluorescence endomicroscopy in detecting microscopic abnormalities in colonic tissues. Mice of C57bl/6 strain had intraperitoneal injection with azoxymethane once every week for five weeks and littermates, not exposed to azoxymethane served as controls. After 14 weeks, intestines were imaged by fluorescence endomicroscopy. The images show obvious cellular structural differences between those two groups of mice. The difference in endomicroscopy imaging can be used for identifying tissues suspicious for neoplasia or other changes, leading to early diagnosis of gastrointestinal track of cancer.

World's fastest real-time line scan microscopic imaging system with 1GHz frame rate

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjian Xing ◽  
Hongwei Chen ◽  
Minghua Chen ◽  
Sigang Yang ◽  
Hongchen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Microscopic Imaging ◽  
Line Scan

scholarly journals Multi-Modal Multi-Spectral Intravital Microscopic Imaging of Signaling Dynamics in Real-Time during Tumor–Immune Interactions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Tracy W. Liu ◽  
Seth T. Gammon ◽  
David Piwnica-Worms
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bioluminescence Imaging ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Microscopic Imaging ◽  
Signaling Dynamics ◽  
Window Chamber

Intravital microscopic imaging (IVM) allows for the study of interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in a dynamic, physiologically relevant system in vivo. Current IVM strategies primarily use fluorescence imaging; however, with the advances in bioluminescence imaging and the development of new bioluminescent reporters with expanded emission spectra, the applications for bioluminescence are extending to single cell imaging. Herein, we describe a molecular imaging window chamber platform that uniquely combines both bioluminescent and fluorescent genetically encoded reporters, as well as exogenous reporters, providing a powerful multi-plex strategy to study molecular and cellular processes in real-time in intact living systems at single cell resolution all in one system. We demonstrate that our molecular imaging window chamber platform is capable of imaging signaling dynamics in real-time at cellular resolution during tumor progression. Importantly, we expand the utility of IVM by modifying an off-the-shelf commercial system with the addition of bioluminescence imaging achieved by the addition of a CCD camera and demonstrate high quality imaging within the reaches of any biology laboratory.

scholarly journals A “Smart” Biosensor-Enabled Intravascular Catheter and Platform for Dynamic Delivery of Propofol to “Close the Loop” for Total Intravenous Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
Edward Chaum ◽  
Ernő Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automated Delivery

ABSTRACT Background Target-controlled infusion anesthesia is used worldwide to provide user-defined, stable, blood concentrations of propofol for sedation and anesthesia. The drug infusion is controlled by a microprocessor that uses population-based pharmacokinetic data and patient biometrics to estimate the required infusion rate to replace losses from the blood compartment due to drug distribution and metabolism. The objective of the research was to develop and validate a method to detect and quantify propofol levels in the blood, to improve the safety of propofol use, and to demonstrate a pathway for regulatory approval for its use in the USA. Methods We conceptualized and prototyped a novel “smart” biosensor-enabled intravenous catheter capable of quantifying propofol at physiologic levels in the blood, in real time. The clinical embodiment of the platform is comprised of a “smart” biosensor-enabled catheter prototype, a signal generation/detection readout display, and a driving electronics software. The biosensor was validated in vitro using a variety of electrochemical methods in both static and flow systems with biofluids, including blood. Results We present data demonstrating the experimental detection and quantification of propofol at sub-micromolar concentrations using this biosensor and method. Detection of the drug is rapid and stable with negligible biofouling due to the sensor coating. It shows a linear correlation with mass spectroscopy methods. An intuitive graphical user interface was developed to: (1) detect and quantify the propofol sensor signal, (2) determine the difference between targeted and actual propofol concentration, (3) communicate the variance in real time, and (4) use the output of the controller to drive drug delivery from an in-line syringe pump. The automated delivery and maintenance of propofol levels was demonstrated in a modeled benchtop “patient” applying the known pharmacokinetics of the drug using published algorithms. Conclusions We present a proof-of-concept and in vitro validation of accurate electrochemical quantification of propofol directly from the blood and the design and prototyping of a “smart,” indwelling, biosensor-enabled catheter and demonstrate feedback hardware and software architecture permitting accurate measurement of propofol in blood in real time. The controller platform is shown to permit autonomous, “closed-loop” delivery of the drug and maintenance of user-defined propofol levels in a dynamic flow model.

scholarly journals Performance of a novel protease-activated fluorescent imaging system for intraoperative detection of residual breast cancer during breast conserving surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Conor R. Lanahan ◽  
Bridget N. Kelly ◽  
Michele A. Gadd ◽  
Michelle C. Specht ◽  
Carson L. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Surgical Workflow ◽  
Tumor Types

Abstract Purpose Safe breast cancer lumpectomies require microscopically clear margins. Real-time margin assessment options are limited, and 20–40% of lumpectomies have positive margins requiring re-excision. The LUM Imaging System previously showed excellent sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection during lumpectomy surgery. We explored its impact on surgical workflow and performance across patient and tumor types. Methods We performed IRB-approved, prospective, non-randomized studies in breast cancer lumpectomy procedures. The LUM Imaging System uses LUM015, a protease-activated fluorescent imaging agent that identifies residual tumor in the surgical cavity walls. Fluorescent cavity images were collected in real-time and analyzed using system software. Results Cavity and specimen images were obtained in 55 patients injected with LUM015 at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg and in 5 patients who did not receive LUM015. All tumor types were distinguished from normal tissue, with mean tumor:normal (T:N) signal ratios of 3.81–5.69. T:N ratios were 4.45 in non-dense and 4.00 in dense breasts (p = 0.59) and 3.52 in premenopausal and 4.59 in postmenopausal women (p = 0.19). Histopathology and tumor receptor testing were not affected by LUM015. Falsely positive readings were more likely when tumor was present < 2 mm from the adjacent specimen margin. LUM015 signal was stable in vivo at least 6.5 h post injection, and ex vivo at least 4 h post excision. Conclusions Intraoperative use of the LUM Imaging System detected all breast cancer subtypes with robust performance independent of menopausal status and breast density. There was no significant impact on histopathology or receptor evaluation.

scholarly journals A Modified KNN Algorithm for High-Performance Computing on FPGA of Real-Time m-QAM Demodulators

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
David Marquez-Viloria ◽  
Luis Castano-Londono ◽  
Neil Guerrero-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Interchannel Interference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Computing

A methodology for scalable and concurrent real-time implementation of highly recurrent algorithms is presented and experimentally validated using the AWS-FPGA. This paper presents a parallel implementation of a KNN algorithm focused on the m-QAM demodulators using high-level synthesis for fast prototyping, parameterization, and scalability of the design. The proposed design shows the successful implementation of the KNN algorithm for interchannel interference mitigation in a 3 × 16 Gbaud 16-QAM Nyquist WDM system. Additionally, we present a modified version of the KNN algorithm in which comparisons among data symbols are reduced by identifying the closest neighbor using the rule of the 8-connected clusters used for image processing. Real-time implementation of the modified KNN on a Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P AWS-FPGA board was compared with the results obtained in previous work using the same data from the same experimental setup but offline DSP using Matlab. The results show that the difference is negligible below FEC limit. Additionally, the modified KNN shows a reduction of operations from 43 percent to 75 percent, depending on the symbol’s position in the constellation, achieving a reduction 47.25% reduction in total computational time for 100 K input symbols processed on 20 parallel cores compared to the KNN algorithm.

scholarly journals Real-Time In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antibiotics in a Rat Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Q. Xiong ◽  
Julie Willard ◽  
Jagath L. Kadurugamuwa ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Kevin P. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Bioluminescent Imaging ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Relevant Animal Model ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Therapeutic options for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections have become limited due to rising antimicrobial resistance, making relevant animal model testing of new candidate agents more crucial than ever. In the present studies, a rat model of aortic infective endocarditis (IE) caused by a bioluminescently engineered, biofilm-positive S. aureus strain was used to evaluate real-time antibiotic efficacy directly. This strain was vancomycin and cefazolin susceptible but gentamicin resistant. Bioluminescence was detected and quantified daily in antibiotic-treated and control animals with IE, using a highly sensitive in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Persistent and increasing cardiac bioluminescent signals (BLS) were observed in untreated animals. Three days of vancomycin therapy caused significant reductions in both cardiac BLS (>10-fold versus control) and S. aureus densities in cardiac vegetations (P < 0.005 versus control). However, 3 days after discontinuation of vancomycin therapy, a greater than threefold increase in cardiac BLS was observed, indicating relapsing IE (which was confirmed by quantitative culture). Cefazolin resulted in modest decreases in cardiac BLS and bacterial densities. These microbiologic and cardiac BLS differences during therapy correlated with a longer time-above-MIC for vancomycin (>12 h) than for cefazolin (∼4 h). Gentamicin caused neither a reduction in cardiac S. aureus densities nor a reduction in BLS. There were significant correlations between cardiac BLS and S. aureus densities in vegetations in all treatment groups. These data suggest that bioluminescent imaging provides a substantial advance in the real-time monitoring of the efficacy of therapy of invasive S. aureus infections in live animals.

Real-time neutron radiography imaging system

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton F. Dias ◽  
Arnaldo de Albuquerque Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Neutron Radiography

scholarly journals Development of a Raspberry Pi-Based Sensor System for Automated In-Field Monitoring to Support Crop Breeding Programs

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Worasit Sangjan ◽  
Arron H. Carter ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
Vadim Jitkov ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs

Sensor applications for plant phenotyping can advance and strengthen crop breeding programs. One of the powerful sensing options is the automated sensor system, which can be customized and applied for plant science research. The system can provide high spatial and temporal resolution data to delineate crop interaction with weather changes in a diverse environment. Such a system can be integrated with the internet to enable the internet of things (IoT)-based sensor system development for real-time crop monitoring and management. In this study, the Raspberry Pi-based sensor (imaging) system was fabricated and integrated with a microclimate sensor to evaluate crop growth in a spring wheat breeding trial for automated phenotyping applications. Such an in-field sensor system will increase the reproducibility of measurements and improve the selection efficiency by investigating dynamic crop responses as well as identifying key growth stages (e.g., heading), assisting in the development of high-performing crop varieties. In the low-cost system developed here-in, a Raspberry Pi computer and multiple cameras (RGB and multispectral) were the main components. The system was programmed to automatically capture and manage the crop image data at user-defined time points throughout the season. The acquired images were suitable for extracting quantifiable plant traits, and the images were automatically processed through a Python script (an open-source programming language) to extract vegetation indices, representing crop growth and overall health. Ongoing efforts are conducted towards integrating the sensor system for real-time data monitoring via the internet that will allow plant breeders to monitor multiple trials for timely crop management and decision making.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document