Temperature, CO2 and the growth and development of wheat: Changes in the mean and variability of growing conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Moot ◽  
A. L. Henderson ◽  
J. R. Porter ◽  
M. A. Semenov

The collagen fibril diameter distribution of four immature tissues from both rat and sheep have been determined from transverse sections observed in the transmission electron microscope. In many instances before birth, the form of the distribution for the tissues is both unimodal and sharp and the mean diameters of the distributions lie close to a multiple of 80 Å. For some tissues, the collagen fibril diameter distributions may be resolved into a number of components, each of which represents a population of fibrils with a diameter close to a multiple of 80 Å (8 nm). These data confirm and extend previous observations by the authors that small collagen fibrils all have diameters that are multiples of about 80 Å and that the fibril growth occurs by the accretion of 80 Å units. The form of the collagen fibril diameter distribution at birth is broad for the sheep tissues but narrow for the rat tissues, thus confirming that the range of fibril diameters at this stage of life reflects the differing degree of development of precocious and altricious animals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
OLUWOLE OWOYE ◽  
OLUGBENGA A. ONAFOWORA

This paper postulates that highly educated leaders matter in economic growth and development and that this is one of the fundamental causes of the differences in income between countries. To verify this assertion, we examine Central African Republic and Singapore within the neoclassical growth model that incorporates educational attainments of leaders as the functionally relevant explanatory variable. We found the mean years of schooling of educated leaders to be statistically and significantly different in both countries, but more importantly, educational attainments of leaders have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in Singapore, but negative in Central African Republic.


2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
M.N. Chukwu ◽  
E.A. Adams

The effects of generator (Exhaust) Fumes on the growth and development of Lycopersicum esculentus were evaluated in this study. It involved sowing ten seeds of L. esculentus in plastic pots. These were allowed to germinate and stabilize for two weeks after which they were exposed to 0.75KVA generator fumes 8 hours a day at the distance of 3 m, 6 m, and 9 m respectively from the source while the control was retained at the planting site. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at 5% level of significance. Although the mean dry weights of the plants increased as the distance of the plants from the source of pollution increased, only the 3 m treatment led to significant reduction of the growth rate of the seedlings (p < 0.05). The heights of  the plants were adversely affected by the fume emission especially at the distance of 3 m away from the source (p < 0.05). The leaf number per plant increased as the distance of the plants from the source of pollution increased with significant effects on plant from distance of 3 m and 6 m at the later stage of their growth (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the plants in the different treatments for the different parameters measured.. Farmers should locate their farmlands at a distance of at least 50 km away from the factories to minimize effect of air pollutants and the government should also place a ban on importation of old generators.Keywords: generator fume, emission, Lycopersicum esculentus, growth, germination


1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kirkland

A 3-yr field experiment was conducted at the Scott Experimental Farm to determine the effect of the growth regulator, triapenthenol, on the growth and development of Argentine canola (Brassica napus L.). Triapenthenol reduced plant height 25–45 cm under optimal growing conditions. Increases in yield, branches and total pods were observed. Application at the bud stage was more effective than earlier treatment in the rosette. It was concluded that triapenthenol application to canola could be a useful management tool, particularly under optimal growing conditions.Key words: Canola, growth regulator, RSW-0411, lodging


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia de Freitas ◽  
Ana Merzel Kernkraut ◽  
Simone Maria Amadio Guerrero ◽  
Sonia Teresa Gaidzakian Akopian ◽  
Sandra Harumi Murakami ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the activities of a multiprofessional outpatient clinic performed by neonatologist, physiatrist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, audiologist and psychologist, who evaluated the development of premature newborns. Methods: Twenty children born at a tertiary-care hospital (São Paulo, Brazil), between April 2006 and April 2007, with birth weight below 1250 g or less than 32 weeks of gestation, were evaluated. The multiprofessional evaluation included assessment of development using the Bayley III scale, at the corrected age of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Results: The mean gestation age at birth was 28.8 weeks; mean birth weight was 1055 g. The mean maternal age was 35 years and the mean length of stay of neonates was 46.3 days. Fifteen percent of children presented impaired sensory motor skills, 20% had hearing abnormalities and 10% motor alterations. Bayley III showed alterations in the communication area in 10% of subjects and in the motor area in 10% of individuals. The parents were oriented to stimulate the child or a specific intervention was suggested. The major development delay was observed between 6 and 18 months of age and the development was improved at 24 months of age. Conclusions: Most children evaluated had improved growth and development at 24 corrected-age months. Further studies with a larger sample are recommended, as well as the possibility to follow this population group up till the primary school.


1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897
Author(s):  
J. Daniel McLaughlin

Most young H. hopkinsi become established in the caeca of 3-week-old mallards 6 h after ingestion. Migration of H. hopkinsi into the caeca is completed within 36 h after infection. Worms increased in size rapidly between 6 h post infection and 7 days post infection, when the worms became gravid. The worms maintained a relatively constant size from day 7 until the termination of the experiment (day 19). Proglottid production begins 12–24 h after infection and the number increases rapidly until day 7. The mean number of proglottids per worm remained relatively constant until the termination of the experiment. Egg packets of H. hopkinsi are passed periodically in the caecal evacuations beginning 7 days after infection. These are infective immediately to the intermediate host Hyalella azteca.


1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Krabbe ◽  
Knud William Kastrup ◽  
Lotte Hummer

Abstract. Bioassayable somatomedin-A (SM-A) and serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined longitudinally in 26 normal boys during puberty. The mean trend of SM-A increased in relation to age, pubic hair development and peak height velocity (PHV) and significant correlations were observed with testicular volume, height velocity and T (all P < 0.001) but not with DHEA. In relation to growth SM-A increased mainly during 12 to 6 months prior to PHV but no further increase was seen in the 6 months thereafter. Thus pubertal growth and development have to be taken into account in the evaluation of changes in bioassayable SM-A concentrations in boys.


1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Barrentine

A field experiment was conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the minimum effective rate (MER)3of imazaquin and chlorimuron applied postemergence to common cocklebur. MER is defined as the quantity required to provide at least 90% control. Based on probit regression analyses, the mean calculated MERs of imazaquin and chlorimuron for 2-leaf common cocklebur were 27.5 and 4.5 g ai/ha, respectively. Under optimum growing conditions, the calculated MERs of imazaquin and chlorimuron for 6-leaf common cocklebur were 34 and 4.6 g/ha, respectively. When applied to 6-leaf plants under slight moisture stress, the calculated MERs for imazaquin and chlorimuron were 54 and 17.4 g/ha, respectively.


2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu Shimeles

Seven true seed shallot lines were evaluated for 3 years at 3 locations to determine their performance and stability. Stability differences were assessed on the basis of linear regression of the lines on environmental index and on deviation from linear function along with the mean yield. The combined analysis showed that bulb yield over 9 environments ranged from 15.1 to 17.5 t ha-1 with overall mean yield of 16.5 t ha-1, and lines Vethalam, Tropix, Dz-94 and Athlas gave the highest mean yield. The combined analysis of variance showed significant (p<0.05) genotype and genotype by environment effects on bulb yield. The regression coefficient for bulb yield ranged from 0.72 to 1.36. The regression coefficient of two high yielding lines (Vethalam and Athlas) was above 1, and was higher in environments where growing conditions were favorable. High and significant deviations were obtained for lines Tropix and Athlas and these lines were found unstable to change in environment. However, line Tropix showed specific adaptation to low yielding environments of Kulumsa and Melkassa. The best line Vethalam with a small deviation from regression was found widely adaptable to different environments and it was released with local name ?Yeras? to be grown in Rift Valley and similar areas in Ethiopia.


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