IL-4 down-regulates IL-2-, IL-3-, and GM-CSF-induced cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. M. Cluitmans ◽  
B. H. J. Esendam ◽  
J. E. Landegent ◽  
R. Willemze ◽  
J. H. F. Falkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Gm Csf

scholarly journals Cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals

Self/Nonself ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Fedenko ◽  
Olga G. Elisyutina ◽  
Tatiana M. Filimonova ◽  
Margarita N. Boldyreva ◽  
O. V. Burmenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Different Types of Granulomatous Lesions during Asymptomatic Stages of Bovine Paratuberculosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanaka ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Onitsuka ◽  
H. Kamata ◽  
Y. Yokomizo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions

The granulomatous lesions in bovine paratuberculosis have been classified into two types, i.e., the lepromatous type and the tuberculoid type. To clarify the immunopathologic mechanisms at the site of infection, we compared inflammatory cytokine gene expression between the two types of lesions. Samples were obtained from noninfected control cows ( n =5) and naturally infected cows ( n =7) that were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal culture test. Although none of the infected cows showed clinical signs, tuberculoid lesions were observed in five cows (tuberculoid group) and lepromatous lesions in two cows (lepromatous group). Among the cytokines examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Th2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and Th1-type cytokine IL-2 were expressed more significantly in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid ( P < 0.01) and noninfected groups ( P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the expression of interferon-gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF among lepromatous, tuberculoid, and noninfected groups. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 mRNA, however, did not differ among the three groups; IL-18 was expressed at lower levels in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid group and the noninfected group ( P < 0.0001). Moreover, the number of cells in which IL-18 mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization was markedly decreased in the lepromatous group. These results indicate that the formation of lepromatous-type lesions or tuberculoid-type lesions may be influenced by alterations in Th1/Th2-type cytokine production and that IL-18 may play an important role in a Th1-to-Th2 switch in paratuberculosis.

Generation of Functional Human Dendritic Cells From Adherent Peripheral Blood Monocytes by CD40 Ligation in the Absence of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4238-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brossart ◽  
Frank Grünebach ◽  
Gernot Stuhler ◽  
Volker L. Reichardt ◽  
Robert Möhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cd40 Ligation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Recently it has been shown that dendritic cells (DC) can develop from peripheral blood monocytes when grown in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). However, it is unclear whether DC can also develop from monocytes in absence of these cytokines. We therefore analyzed the effect of Flt-3 ligand (Flt3L) and of CD40 ligand on the development of human DC from blood monocytes in the absence of GM-CSF. Adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were cultured in the presence of different cytokine combinations and analyzed for the expression of surface molecules and antigen presenting capacity. For functional analyses, cells were tested for their ability to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), to present soluble antigens, and to induce primary HIV-peptide–specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in vitro. Furthermore, expression of DC-CK1, a recently identified chemokine with specific expression in DC, and of IL-18 (IGIF), a growth and differentiation factor for Th 1 lymphocytes, was analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In our study, Flt3L alone was not sufficient to generate DC and required addition of IL-4. DC generated with Flt3L and IL-4 underwent maturation after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) or CD40L, characterized by CD83 expression, upregulation of MHC, adhesion, and costimulatory molecules as well as increased allogeneic proliferative response. In contrast, CD40 ligation alone promoted differentiation of adherent blood monocytes into functional DC in the absence of GM-CSF and IL-4. These cells displayed all phenotypic and functional characteristics of mature DC and were potent stimulatory cells in priming of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted CTL responses against an HIV-peptide, whereas their ability to present soluble protein antigens was reduced. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR, DC-CK1 and IL-18 transcripts were detected in all generated DC populations, independent of growth factors used. Our findings provide further evidence for the importance of CD40-CD40L interaction for initiation and maintenance of T-cell responses and confirm the emerging concept that blood monocytes provide an additional source of DC depending on external stimuli.

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