Effects of mineral nutrients, sludge application rate, and application frequency on biodegradation of two oily sludges

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Brown ◽  
K. C. Donnelly ◽  
L. E. Deuel
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Sludge Application

Use in Agriculture of Sludge from Chemical Treatment of Sewage

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
G. Castillo ◽  
A. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Chemical Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

The reutilization in agriculture of the sludge produced in the chemical treatment of sewage is investigated. Aluminium sulfate (50 mg/l) and sodium hydroxide (50 and 200 mg/l) are added to domestic sewage allowing it to settle and eliminating floating materials. Three kinds of raw chemical sludge are digested and dried. Their sanitary quality is determined by two bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms) and one viral indicator (E. coli bacteriophage) and the fertilizing capability of digested and dry sludge by sowing leguminous crops (Phaseolus spp ) in soil with 11 tons/ha sludge application rate. Digested and dried sludge from conventional treatment in equal conditions to those of chemical sludge is used as reference. Sanitary quality results show that raw and digested chemical sludge are not recommended for use in agriculture due to their high microbiological contamination. Dry sludge could be considered for this purpose due to its low fecal organisms content. However the development of leguminous crops in soil with dry aluminium sludge application shows no seed germination. The results of leguminous growth in digested sludge of sodium hydroxide (200 mg/l) justify an additional treatment to adequate its sanitary quality for use in agriculture.

Relating application frequency to morphological structure: the case of Tommo So vowel harmony

Phonology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McPherson ◽  
Bruce Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Linear Order ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Harmonic Grammar ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Close Fit ◽  
Do So

We describe three vowel-harmony processes in Tommo So and their interaction with morphological structure. The verbal suffixes of Tommo So occur in a strict linear order, establishing a Kiparskian hierarchy of distance from the root. This distance is respected by all three harmony processes; they ‘peter out’, applying with lower frequency as distance from the root increases. The function relating application rate to distance is well fitted by families of sigmoid curves, declining in frequency from one to zero. We show that, assuming appropriate constraints, such functions are a direct consequence of Harmonic Grammar. The crucially conflicting constraints areIdent(violated just once by harmonised candidates) and a scalar version ofAgree(violated one to seven times, based on closeness of the target to the root). We show that our model achieves a close fit to the data, while a variety of alternative models fail to do so.

Effect of Petrochemical Activated Sludge on Soil Properties

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tedesco ◽  
M. Ligo ◽  
C. Gianello ◽  
Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge produced at SITEL, the integrated wastewater treatment plant of Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), situated in the municipality of Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass fields at average application rates of 24 tons/years (dry basis). With the purpose of investigating the effect produced by the application of sludge at higher rates on the soil-plant-water system, as well as the response of more commercially valuable grass species, a growth-leaching pot experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), with the supervision of SITEL. After one year, comprehensive soil analyses showed the following results:Sludge decomposition in soil, worked out from evolution of CO2, amounted to 2.7% of C lost as CO2 in relation to the C added, in 50 days, 27°C (daylight temperature) and sludge application rate of 24 t/ha.Sludge application brought about an enrichment of soil C, N and P restricted to the top layer.No significant modifications were observed in soil pH and contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and B in the top layer of soil, even at the higher sludge application rates.Slight increases were observed in contents of Na, Cu, S and electrical conductivity of the top layer, effects compatible with the characteristics of the sludge applied.Appreciable increases were observed in soil contents of Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni, in correlation with the increasing sludge application rates. The resulting values, however, fell well below the tolerable limits.Proper management of a sludge application system that reproduces the conditions chosen for this investigation can yield a useful site life of many years without appreciable environmental risks.

scholarly journals Changes in chemical properties of soil and sour cherry as a result of sewage sludge application

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Angin ◽  
R. Aslantas ◽  
M. Kose ◽  
H. Karakurt ◽  
G. Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Sludge Application

This study, aimed at assessment of the effects of different sewage sludge application rates on heavy metal accumulation in the soil and in sour cherry leaves was carried out in the years 2005–2007. The rates applied were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 kg of dry matter per tree. Eighteen uniform one-year-old Kütahya sour cherry trees on Prunus mahaleb rootstock were used. Sewage sludge not only improved soil chemical properties but also resulted in an increase of nutrient content in cherry leaves. Sewage sludge application increased heavy metal content of soils. However, this increase did not exceed the critical values and was not reflected in the leaf contents of heavy metals. The most effective application rate was 7.5 kg per tree. Studies should be continued to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge on vegetative and generative growth, yield and fruit quality parameters.

Long-Term Land Application of Activated Sludge from a Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant: I - Leachate Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Simon ◽  
M. J. Tedesco ◽  
C. Gianello
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leachate Quality ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge from SITEL, the wastewater treatment plant of Polo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass and rye grass fields at an average annual rate of 24 tons/ha (dry basis). In order to assess absorption of sludge constituents by plants, modifications of soil properties and leachate quality, a microplot growth-leaching experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS since 1985. Pangola grass (Digitariadecumbens, Stent) and rye grass (Loliummultiflorum, Lam) are grown in summer and winter respectively. Some microplots have been loaded with sludge enriched with Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg since 1988. Plant nutrients such as K, Cu, Zn and B did not increase in leachate, even at the higher application rates employed. Ammonium and pH were not affected either, whilst nitrates increased at the highest application rates. Ca and Mg increased in leachate during the third and the fourth years of the experiment, probably due to the liming of the microplots. Electrical conductivity of leachate increased with sludge application. Na, chloride and sulphate, the more soluble ions, increased slowly during the first year and more rapidly during the subsequent years. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg in leachate were not consistently affected by application of pure sludge or metals-enriched sludge. The concentrations of these constituents in leachate were found to be generally below accepted limits for potable water. Exacerbation of loading of metals, bringing about introduction of total amounts that exceed current limits of addition of metals to soil, did not produce significant alterations in leachate quality. This suggests that these limits are very safe with respect to protection of aquifers. The determination of nitrates in leachate at different sludge application rates made possible the adoption of 40 tons/ha.year as the maximum allowable sludge loading rate (on dry basis) for the real sludge farms at SITEL. This figure is approximately double the operational sludge application rate at SITEL.

scholarly journals PELLETIZED SEWAGE SLUDGE AS A TURFGRASS FERTILIZER.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158d-1158
Author(s):  
S. A. Mackintosh ◽  
R. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Sludge Application ◽  
Better Than

Environmental concerns associated with traditional methods of sludge disposal have spurred research exploring alternate avenues of disposal. A potentially significant alternative is the beneficial use of sludge as a turfgrass fertilizer. Studies were initiated during 1991 to compare a commercially available pelletized sludge to urea; 12-4-6; Ringer Lawn Restore; and Milorganite. Fertilizers were evaluated for their effect on turfgrass quality, color, and growth rate. Treatments were applied to a stand composed of 65% Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. `Baron') and 35% Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Manhattan II') in South Deerfield, MA. Urea and 12-4-6 were applied at 49 kg N ha-1. Ringer Lawn Restore and Milorganite were applied at 98 kg N ha-1. Pelletized sludge was applied at 98, 196, 294, and 392 kg N ha-1 with all rates providing acceptable to good turfgrass color throughout the season. Rates of 294 or 392 kg seldom provided quality better than the 196 kg rate. While urea initially produced quality superior to pelletized sludge, all rates of sludge resulted in quality equal to or better than urea beginning one month after application and lasting approximately 11 weeks. Turf receiving similar rates of either pelletized sludge or Milorganite performed similarly. No sludge application rate produced burning or foliar discoloration. Clipping production was directly related to sludge application rate. Pelletized sludge applied at 98 kg N ha-1 resulted in growth comparable to similar applications of Ringer Lawn Restore and Milorganite. In summary, using pelletized sewage sludge as a turfgrass fertilizer promotes healthy turfgrass while creating an alternate avenue of sludge disposal.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Scherer ◽  
D.J. Metker ◽  
G. Welp
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Sludge Application

We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass. &nbsp;

The Development of Assessment Techniques to Evaluate the Biodegradation of Oily Sludge in a Landfarming System

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
D. C. P. Casarini ◽  
R. M. de Macedo ◽  
R C de A Cunha ◽  
J. C. O. Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

A respirometer assay was developed with the intention of defining a standard methodology to identify the major mechanisms related to biodegradation of oily sludge in a landfarming system. The oily sludge is characterized as a biological sludge produced in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which treats industrial and domestic wastewater from a petroleum refinery. The effects of soil pH control, nutrient balance, and sludge application rates were investigated. It was concluded that the methodology is acceptable as a procedure to qualify waste for land treatment. The soil with pH control (pH about 7.0) was shown to be more effective in oily sludge biodegradation than without pH control. Under these experimental conditions, the best application rate for the oily sludge on soil was 1% (w/w) of its hydrocarbon content. Soil pH control, sludge nutrient balance, and sludge application rate are all of importance to optimize the system, to avoid leaching, and to protect the groundwater. The landfarming system has been used by several refineries.

Weed Management in Peanuts

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Peanut Production

Successful weed control in peanuts involves use of good management practices in all phases of peanut production. This 11-page document lists herbicide products registered for use in Florida peanut production, their mode of actions group, application rate per acre and per season, and reentry interval. It also discusses the performance of these herbicides on several weeds under Florida conditions. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

ALTERNATIVE P-FERTILISERS FOR NORTHLAND SOILS

1986 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
P.W. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Sechura Phosphate Rock ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Chatham Rise Phosphorite

Increasing material, processing, and distribution costs have raised superphosphate prices to a point where many farms cannot support the costs of meeting maintenance phosphate requires men& Alternatives to superphosphate, particularly those that have lower processing costs and contain more P, may offer a solution to the problem provided they are agronomically as effective. Phosphate rock may indeed be such an alternative. Preliminary results from a series of five trials in Northland show that on soils of moderate P fertility, with low phosphate retention (PR) and high pH (5.9.6.0), initial pasture growth responses to rock phosphates are smaller than those from single or triple superphosphate. On one soil of higher PR and lower pH, the differences in yield between the rock-phosphates and the super. phosphates were smaller. Of the rock phosphates tested, Sechura and North Carolina (unground and ungranulated) tended to be more effective than ground and granulated Chatham Rise phosphorite. The effect on production of applying fertilisers once every three years, as opposed to annual applications is being investigated using triple superphosphate and Sechura phosphate rock. After two years, production levels appear largely unaffected by differences in application frequency. A comparison of locally-produced superphosphate with a reference standard showed that both performed similarly, indicating that the local product was of satisfactory quality.

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