Utilization of the water resources of the Amu-Darya basin for development of the productive forces of central ASIAN republics

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164
Author(s):  
R. I. Bakhtiyarov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Republics

scholarly journals Central Asian Republic’s Approaches to the Development of the Regional Hydroeconomic Sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
B. N. Mubarakshin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Centralized Planning ◽  
Central Asian Republics

Mechanisms of centralized planning during the soviet period enabled to maintain balance of interests among hydrocarbon-rich Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan Turkmenistan on one hand and having enormous reserves of water Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan on the other. After the collapse of the united state the latter group found out themselves under disadvantage: they have to buy oil and natural gas at world prices. At the same time downstream countries have continued to use their water resources at no cost. This standing cannot go on forever. Since the middle of the 1990s expert circles of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have been urging to recognize water resources as full-fledged goods. The idea is also met support in governmental circles. At the turn of the century Kyrgyz authorities even adopted notorious laws to regulate the introduction of paid water consumption at interstate level. Today expert circles of various Central Asian republics take polar views on the development of regional hydroeconomic sector. Midstream and downstream countries of Amu Darya and Syr Darya (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) insist on retaining of the status quo in regional water distribution. At the same time the upstream countries persist in revision of old soviet system of water distribution. In addition, in spite of categorical protest of Uzbekistan, they are going to construct a number of large hydrotechnic buildings in the rivers. Among this antagonisms they often forget or just disregard the fact that the hydroeconomic sector is a comprehensive whole and therefore should develop within one integrated process on the basis of interstate cooperation of the regional republics.

scholarly journals Afghanistan, the Amu Darya Basin and Regional Treaties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Ikramuddin Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Right ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract The Amu Darya Basin is included in various bilateral and regional treaties negotiated between Afghanistan and Russia/the former USSR, and among the Central Asian Republics. The former are boundary treaties, and do not cover the use of the Amu Darya. The latter are, inter alia, water-sharing agreements that govern the use of water. This article examines the current legal regime governing the Amu Darya. It addresses one specific question: What are the legal implications for Afghanistan of its exclusion from the regional legal framework governing the apportionment and utilization of the Amu Darya? The article argues that sustainable water resource management is dependent on the participation of all riparian states in the management of a shared watercourse and without Afghanistan’s inclusion in the regional water agreements or organizations governing the Amu Darya, no Central Asian regional water agreement or organization is complete. The article makes two further arguments. First, the equitable and reasonable utilization principle gives all riparian states the right to an equitable share in shared watercourses, therefore the downstream Central Asian Republics cannot prevent upstream Afghanistan from developing its freshwater resources. Second, even though Afghanistan is not a party to the agreements governing the use of the Amu Darya waters, the country can still be affected or harmed by downstream uses of these waters, as Afghanistan’s future use of the Amu Darya can be foreclosed or limited.

scholarly journals Politics of Central Asia: Water and Energy Aspect

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
S S Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Central Asian Republics

This article analyzes the situation regarding the water resources of the transboundary rivers that developed in Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union when the previous mechanism of mutual account of the interests of all the Central Asian republics broke down. Particular attention is given to the factors that have an impact on the formation and implementation of Central Asian politics regarding water use. A comparison is made of the international legal base that regulates conflicts involving the water resources of transboundary rivers and the legal documents of the Central Asian states. The paper analyzes the reasons for the failure to create a multisided mechanism for resolving the disputes that arise among the Central Asian countries with respect to water use of the transboundary rivers.

State and prospects of development of cotton growing in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Renat Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Syr Darya

The potential of water resources throughout Central Asia consists of water resources of two rivers-the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, the Aral sea basin, and is 117…123 km3 per year. Approximately half of these water resources, according to intergovernmental agreements with other Central Asian States, are used by the most populous Republic of Uzbekistan in the region, where the area of irrigated arable land today is 3296 thousand hectares. Of these, up to 1137 thousand hectares are allocated annually for grain crops, and about 1033 thousand hectares of irrigated arable land are allocated for cotton.

Central Asia in Context of Afghan Situation

2011 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Council ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The session of IMEMO academic council in December 2010 discussed the problems of Central Asia in the context of the Afghan situation. In her keynote report D. Malysheva, doctor of political sciences, pointed at the increased attention to Central Asia by regional and international players. This is explained by the new and extremely worrying situation in neighboring Afghanistan. There is a prospect that NATO will lose the war in Afghanistan and that the coalition troops will be withdrawn from that country. In its turn, this generates a threat of Taliban’s return to power in this country. Thus, we cannot exclude the political upheavals in the Central Asian republics that will inevitably affect Russia's interests. The discussion highlighted Russia’s stable interest to Afghanistan both politically and economically.

scholarly journals STAGES AND WAYS OF REDUCING INFANT MORTALITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE LAST 30 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The causes and dynamics of the infant mortality (IM) in the USSR and the Russian Federation (1980-2012) are presented in the context of reforming the health care system. The stages of changes in the IM for this period were determined. One of the peculiarities of IM in the USSR is indicated to be seasonal fluctuations with peaks in July-September. At the same time, the Central Asian republics had the dominated influence on this peak. The experience of the organization of state and medical measures for effective reduction of IM in the USSR is described. The improvement of the maternity and childhood protection system in the Russian Federation allowed significantly reduce IM.

scholarly journals ROADS OF CENTRAL ASIA. THE NEW INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT PROJECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Borisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western China ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The development of international trade implies the use of the territory of Central Asia as a transit zone, through which the routes China–Europe, China – the middle East should be laid. The existing communication capabilities are not enough, so new directions are being developed (Railways “China–Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan–Iran”, “Turkmenistan– Afghanistan–Tajikistan”, ”China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan”; multimodal transit corridors” Lazurit”,” TRANS – Caspian international transport route”; such highways as “Western China– Western Europe”). However, paved roads, both rail and road, do not always meet expectations in terms of the volume of cargo passing through them (projects “China – Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan – Iran” and the Lapis lazuli corridor). Their loading is delayed “until better times” either due to the unstable political background, or due to the lack of necessary commodity flows in both directions. In some cases, there is a lack of political will to make appropriate decisions. Finished projects are unprofitable. None of the international transit projects announced or even completed over the past 20 years through the Central Asian republics has been fully operational. Meanwhile, international transit allows not only to fill the state budget, but also to solve issues of internal connectivity of territories. This task is most relevant today for Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which have become hostages of their own geography, with localities separated by impassable mountain ranges.

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