scholarly journals Central Asian Republic’s Approaches to the Development of the Regional Hydroeconomic Sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
B. N. Mubarakshin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Centralized Planning ◽  
Central Asian Republics

Mechanisms of centralized planning during the soviet period enabled to maintain balance of interests among hydrocarbon-rich Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan Turkmenistan on one hand and having enormous reserves of water Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan on the other. After the collapse of the united state the latter group found out themselves under disadvantage: they have to buy oil and natural gas at world prices. At the same time downstream countries have continued to use their water resources at no cost. This standing cannot go on forever. Since the middle of the 1990s expert circles of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have been urging to recognize water resources as full-fledged goods. The idea is also met support in governmental circles. At the turn of the century Kyrgyz authorities even adopted notorious laws to regulate the introduction of paid water consumption at interstate level. Today expert circles of various Central Asian republics take polar views on the development of regional hydroeconomic sector. Midstream and downstream countries of Amu Darya and Syr Darya (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) insist on retaining of the status quo in regional water distribution. At the same time the upstream countries persist in revision of old soviet system of water distribution. In addition, in spite of categorical protest of Uzbekistan, they are going to construct a number of large hydrotechnic buildings in the rivers. Among this antagonisms they often forget or just disregard the fact that the hydroeconomic sector is a comprehensive whole and therefore should develop within one integrated process on the basis of interstate cooperation of the regional republics.

The Emerging Markets of the Asian Region

2015 ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Kazem Vafadari
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Selection Of

Medical tourism has become a catchphrase in the early years of the 21st Century for even the most unlikely of destinations. This chapter outlines the issues and practices involved in an assessment of the status of medical tourism in the emerging economies and destinations of the Asian Region. A selection of countries as case studies covers the region from the Central Asian Republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, South Asia (Sri Lanka), through to Cambodia, Taiwan, Myanmar, and Japan. The growth of medical tourism in the Asian region, and its various economic and social impact on abovementioned countries is under focus in this chapter. It provides a comprehensive view of how different countries should capitalize on their advantage to increase their share of regional or international medical tourism market. Both technological advances and traditional medicine have provided comparative advantage for medical tourism destinations in the Asian region.

Gender

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Sheela Jeyaraj ◽  
Evangeline Anderson-Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Central Asian Republics

Gender issues in South and Central Asia involve discriminations in the socio-cultural, political and economic realms. Despite policy initiatives, gender equality is still not available for most women. The condition of Central Asian women is less favourable than that of their counterparts in South Asia. Still, in South Asian countries where certain Hindu or Buddhist fundamentalist norms prevail, the position of women continues to be deplorable. Discrimination of women is justified in Sanskrit scriptures, which do not contain a coherent narrative of the creation of women. Likewise, the scriptures of Jainism and Buddhism present women as inferior to men. The status of Christian women in certain South Asian countries is better than that of their Central Asian republics. The patriarchal societies of South and Central Asia do not educate a sufficient number of women in theology. Today, almost all female Christian theologians in South Asia engage with the pathos of the exploited. Reversal of gender roles among diaspora communities have caused conflicts in the home and in public. Despite their struggles, Christian women in South and Central Asia continue their witness to God’s grace in Christ sustaining them.

scholarly journals Contextualising Germen Involvement in CPEC through Wakhan Corridor and Gwadar Port as an Diplo-Economic Opportunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yaser Malik
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Asian Republics

<em>Since seventh, eighteenth, nineteenth century Germany is maintaining diplomatic relations with China, Afghanistan and five Central Asian Republics respectively in Asian Region. Main facets of German interests in Asian Region have been diplomatic, economic and social development. Germans as a nation have always proved their worth by successfully dealing the challenges and rising to the status of a strong nation. Presently Germany is the biggest European economic power and is asserting to enhance it’s economic and diplomatic relations in Indo-Pacific and Asian Region. Apart from establishing trade link; mainly rail link with China and Central Asia it will be prudent to extend its access to Indo-Pacific Region well as part of “One Belt One Road Initiative” and “China Pakistan Economic Corridor” through Wakhan Corridor in North of Pakistan to Gwadar; North Arabian Sea Port of Pakistan. This route will provide land and sea access for Germany to billions of Asians and will enhance its diplo-economic influence in Indo-Pacific Region.</em>

scholarly journals Influence of Turkey on the policy of neutrality and foreign policy of Turkmenistan (1995–2016)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nurbibi Kh. Khudaiberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper analyzes the attitude of Turkey to the policy of neutrality of Turkmenistan in the period from 1995 to 2016. Based on the geopolitical situation in the Central Asian region in the post-Soviet period, the author identifies the reasons for Turkmenistan’s adoption of a neutral status. Among the reasons for this decision by the Turkmen leadership are the deterioration of the situation in the region, the desire of the great powers and regional leaders to strengthen their positions in Central Asia, including in the energy sector, Turkey’s active position in the post-Soviet period aimed at developing political, energy, and humanitarian contacts, and the desire of The Niyazov regime to limit external influence on the country’s internal and foreign policy. The author noted the influence of the status of neutrality on the implementation of Turkmenistan’s foreign policy and the attitude of Turkey to this process. In the development of Turkmenistan’s neutrality policy in 1995–2016, two stages can be conditionally distinguished: the first is 1995–2006 when the policy of neutrality bordering on isolationism, which seriously limited Turkey’s contacts with Turkmenistan; the second is 2007–2016 when the expansion of cooperation between Turkmenistan and Turkey, including in the security sphere. In the 2007–2016 Turkey sought to expand its geopolitical influence over Turkmenistan by maintaining its neutrality, which led to the formation of a close political and economic dialogue between Ankara and Ashgabat.

scholarly journals Regulatory Initiatives of Central Asian Countries in Addressing Transboundary Water Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
E. G. Garbuzarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Transboundary Water ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Water Problems

After the collapse of the USSR the Central Asian countries found themselves facing serious regional challenges that hinder constructive interstate cooperation. Among such challenges the problem of transboundary water resources should be highlighted. The lack of a coordinated policy for regulating water flows continues to put the Central Asian countries in a vulnerable position, negatively affecting their national security, socio-economic development and the environmental situation in the region. Throughout their sovereign development the countries of the region tried to solve transboundary water problems by combining external and internal mechanisms. However, a solution to the problem that would meet the national interests of all interested countries was not found.Recently the ruling elites of the Central Asian countries have intensified the process of solving the water problem showing political will. They put forward a number of initiatives. A big role in reviving this issue belongs to Uzbekistan which has opened a new milestone in the settlement of water and energy conflicts in the region. Uzbekistan demonstrates a desire to solve the water problem constructively at the regional level. In this regard the proposals of the President of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev acquired great importance in solving the transboundary water problems of Central Asia. In 2018 Sh. Mirziyoyev put forward the initiative to adopt a Regional program for the rational use of water resources in Central Asia. Shortly before that he expressed a desire to participate in the implementation of joint hydropower projects with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Analyzing the current shifts in the water and energy issue we can talk about increasing trust between the countries of Central Asia and the beginning of the formation of a new regional interstate model of relations on the distribution of transboundary water resources.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Tasar
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
To Come ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Dramatic changes took place in the religious sphere during the tumultous final years of Soviet history. Shamsuddin Boboxonov’s unprecedented ouster as mufti in 1989 offered a preview of the confusion that was to come: SADUM’s disintegration into national muftiates for each of the five Central Asian republics took place rapidly, in a climate of ethnic conflict. Though the Central Asian muftiate ceased to exist in 1991, the precedents established by the CRA-SADUM alliance continued to shape relations between Islam and the state in the post-Soviet period. In one important respect, however, those relations have departed dramatically from the Soviet legacy: now that the independent republics have abandoned communism and atheism, little incentive exists for a moderate line toward religion. This explains why state policies toward religion in post-Soviet Central Asia became more repressive after the collapse of the USSR, not less.

scholarly journals Politics of Central Asia: Water and Energy Aspect

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
S S Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Central Asian Republics

This article analyzes the situation regarding the water resources of the transboundary rivers that developed in Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union when the previous mechanism of mutual account of the interests of all the Central Asian republics broke down. Particular attention is given to the factors that have an impact on the formation and implementation of Central Asian politics regarding water use. A comparison is made of the international legal base that regulates conflicts involving the water resources of transboundary rivers and the legal documents of the Central Asian states. The paper analyzes the reasons for the failure to create a multisided mechanism for resolving the disputes that arise among the Central Asian countries with respect to water use of the transboundary rivers.

The Emerging Markets of the Asian Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Kazem Vafadari
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Selection Of

Medical tourism has become a catchphrase in the early years of the 21st Century for even the most unlikely of destinations. This chapter outlines the issues and practices involved in an assessment of the status of medical tourism in the emerging economies and destinations of the Asian Region. A selection of countries as case studies covers the region from the Central Asian Republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, South Asia (Sri Lanka), through to Cambodia, Taiwan, Myanmar, and Japan. The growth of medical tourism in the Asian region, and its various economic and social impact on abovementioned countries is under focus in this chapter. It provides a comprehensive view of how different countries should capitalize on their advantage to increase their share of regional or international medical tourism market. Both technological advances and traditional medicine have provided comparative advantage for medical tourism destinations in the Asian region.

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