Synthesis of spin-labeled neutral lipids: Nitroxyl derivatives of triglycerides and sterol esters

Lipids ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 726-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Morrisett
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Intracellular Lipid Droplets: From Structure to Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117863531774551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Vanni
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Function Relationship

Lipid droplets (LDs) are unique intracellular organelles that are mainly constituted by neutral lipids (triglycerides, sterol esters). As such they serve as the main site of energy storage in the cell and they are akin to oil emulsions in water. To prevent the direct exposure of the hydrophobic neutral lipids to the aqueous environment of the cytosol, LDs are surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids that thus behave as a natural surfactant. This interfacial structure is rather unique inside the cell, but a molecular understanding of how the LD structure modulates its functions is still lacking, mainly due to technical challenges in both experimental and computational approaches to investigate oil-in-water emulsions. Recently, we have investigated the structure of LDs using a combination of existing and newly developed computational approaches that are optimized to study oil-water interfaces.1 Our simulations provide a comprehensive molecular characterization of the unique surface properties of LDs, suggesting structure-function relationship in several LD-related metabolic processes.

Pairing and aggregation of Amblosoma suwaense (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) metacercariae in vitro and partial characterization of lipids involved in chemo-attraction

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fried ◽  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Sterol Ester ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Oil Red O

SUMMARYHistochemical and thin-layer chromatographic (t.l.c.) analyses were made on neutral lipids in the free (unencysted) metacercariae of Amblosoma suwaense (Brachylaimidae). As determined by t.l.c. the major neutral lipid fractions in metacercariae removed directly from Campeloma decisum snails were free sterols and sterol esters. Metacercariae incubated for 1 h at 37±1° C in sterile Locke's solution released mainly sterol esters and a lesser amount of free sterols into the medium. As determined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining, metacercariae accumulated neutral lipid in the intestinal caeca during incubation and the excretory system was ORO negative. Behavioural studies showed that metacereariae paired and aggregated in vitro and were attracted to lipophilic but not to hydrophilic worm products. Following t.l.c. preparative analysis it was demonstrated that metacercariae were attracted to sterol ester worm products but not to free sterol products.

Acetate assimilation by the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tsai ◽  
Ken P. Mitton ◽  
Byron F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Peptide Structure ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe utilizes acetate at subinhibitory concentrations in the presence of D-glucose. The nonionized form of acetate is preferentially utilized, oxidized to 14CO2, and assimilated into lipids and proteins. Acetyl CoA synthetase activity greatly increases in the yeast cells grown in media containing acetate. However, glyoxylate cycle enzymes are not detectable in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. [1-14C] Acetate is incorporated into stereols, sterol esters, neutral lipids, and phospholipids. Assimilation of [1-14C]acetate into the peptide structure of proteins was confirmed by a proteolytic digestion experiment.Key words: acetate utilization, fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Production of lipids and lipase activity during growth of Mucor hiemalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qayum Mirza ◽  
M. Waheed Akhtar ◽  
M. Nadeem Nawazish ◽  
M. I. D. Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Sterol Esters

Production of lipids and lipase activity by a strain of Mucor hiemalis known to have potential for high lipase activity was studied in a medium containing glucose as the carbon source. Most of the glucose was utilized by the end of the growth phase when the mycelium showed maximal lipase activity (17 U/g dry mycelium) as well as maximal lipid content (13 mg/g dr*** mycelium). Maximal broth lipase activity (76 U/100mL) was observed after cell lysis had begun. The fractions identified in the mycelial lipid extracts were sterol esters, triglycerides, fatty acids, diglycerides, sterols, monoglycerides, phosphatidylethanoamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and an unknown polar lipid. The proportion between the neutral and the polar lipids was only 0.06 at 44 h, increasing gradually to 1.51 at 164 h of fermentation. A relationship between the production of lipase and the neutral lipids appears to exist.

scholarly journals Lipid Composition of Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 Strain Grown on Glycerol as a Carbon Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Stela Križanović ◽  
Damir Stanzer ◽  
Gordana Čanadi Jurešić ◽  
Elizabeta Kralj ◽  
Karla Hanousek-Čiča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis

Research background. In this study the content and composition of lipids in ergosterol-reduced Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 strain grown on glycerol as a carbon source is determined. Blocking the ergosterol synthesis route in yeast cells is a recently proposed method for increasing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production. Experimental approach. The batch cultivation of M12 yeast was carried out under aerobic conditions in a laboratory bioreactor with glycerol as carbon source, and with pulsed addition of methionine. Glycerol and SAM content were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, while fatty acid composition of different lipid classes, separated by solid phase extraction, was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion. Despite the reduced amount of ergosterol in yeast cells, thanks to the reorganized lipid metabolism, M12 strain achieved high biomass yield and SAM production. Neutral lipids prevailed (making more than 75 % of total lipids), but their content and composition differed significantly in the two tested types of yeast. Unsaturated and C18 fatty acids prevailed in both the M12 strain and wild type. In all fractions except free fatty acids, the index of unsaturation in M12 strain was lower than in the wild strain. Our tested strain adjusts itself by changing the content of lipids (mainly phospholipids, sterols and sterol esters), and with desaturation adjustments, to maintain proper functioning and fulfil increased energy needs.Novelty and scientific contribution. Reorganization of S. stipitis lipid composition caused by blocking the metabolic pathway of ergosterol synthesis was presented. A simple scheme of actual lipid metabolism during active SAM production in S. stipitis, grown on glycerol was constructed and shown. This fundamental knowledge of lipid metabolic pathways will be a helpful tool in improving S. stipitis as an expression host and a model organism, opening new perspectives for its applied research.

Fettsäuren und Lipide in farblosen Algen / Fatty Acids and Lipids in Colourless Algae

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Glasl ◽  
P Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sterol Esters

Abstract The colourless algae, Prototheca portoricensis, Polytoma oviforme, Chlorella variegata (Chlorophyta), and Chilomonas paramecium (Pyrrhophyta) mainly synthesize the 16 : 0, 18 : 1, and partly also 1 8 : 2 and 18 : 3 fatty acids. The major lipids formed were neutral lipids (glycerides and sterol esters) and phospholipids. In their fatty acid content, these organisms resembled fresh water green algae. They differed from the photosynthesizing fresh water green algae, however, in containing none or very low amounts of polyunsaturated C16 acids (16 : 2 , 16 : 3) and glycolipids.

Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipids of rainbow trout hepatocytes

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. R223-R228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Sellner ◽  
J. R. Hazel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Derivatives Of

Hepatocytes from 5- or 20 degrees C-acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were incubated with [1-14C]oleic, -linoleic, or -linolenic acid. Both acclimation groups demonstrated greater incorporation of derivatives from linolenic and linoleic acids into phospholipids when assayed at 5 and 20 degrees C; few derivatives of oleic acid were formed. Cells from cold-acclimated trout, when assayed at 5 degrees C with linolenic acid, incorporated a large proportion of radioactivity into free fatty acids. Analysis of each lipid fraction revealed a relatively specific incorporation of certain fatty acids. For example, "dead end" elongation products of the three substrates were preferentially incorporated into neutral lipids, while delta 6 desaturation products of the three acids were retained in the free fatty acid fraction. Twenty-carbon acid derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids were directed into the phospholipid fraction. Incorporation of the delta 5 desaturation products was temperature sensitive in cells from cold-acclimated but not warm-acclimated trout. The results suggest that selectivity of incorporation of specific fatty acids into phospholipids may be of importance in restructuring membranes of poikilotherms during thermal adaptation.

scholarly journals Increase in cellular triacylglycerol content and emergence of large ER-associated lipid droplets in the absence of CDP-DG synthase function

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 4083-4095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue He ◽  
Candice Yam ◽  
Kyle Pomraning ◽  
Jacqueline S. R. Chin ◽  
Joanne Y. Yew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Kennedy Pathway ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Excess fatty acids and sterols are stored as triacylglycerols and sterol esters in specialized cellular organelles, called lipid droplets. Understanding what determines the cellular amount of neutral lipids and their packaging into lipid droplets is of fundamental and applied interest. Using two species of fission yeast, we show that cycling cells deficient in the function of the ER-resident CDP-DG synthase Cds1 exhibit markedly increased triacylglycerol content and assemble large lipid droplets closely associated with the ER membranes. We demonstrate that these unusual structures recruit the triacylglycerol synthesis machinery and grow by expansion rather than by fusion. Our results suggest that interfering with the CDP-DG route of phosphatidic acid utilization rewires cellular metabolism to adopt a triacylglycerol-rich lifestyle reliant on the Kennedy pathway.

Lipid profiles of Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, UFA2

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanon Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santu Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Kalyani Sen ◽  
Parul Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Auxotroph

A comparative study of the mycelial lipid composition of a wild strain (V35) and one unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) of Aspergillus niger has been performed. The lipid composition of both strains are qualitatively the same but quantitatively different. All the strains contain the following phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine; and triglycerides, diglycerides, mono-glycerides, ergosterol, and sterol esters as the neutral lipids; mono- and di-galactosyl diglyceride as the major glycolipids along with small amounts of the corresponding mannose analogs. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine constitute the bulk of the phospholipids. The mutant (UFA2) contains a higher level of glycerides and lower levels of sterol (both free and esterified form), phospholipids, and glycolipids than the wild type. Aspergillus niger contains C16 to C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Small amounts of long-chain (C20 to C24) and short-chain (C10 to C14) saturated and unsaturated acids are also present. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic are the major acids, stearic and linolenic acids being minor ones. UFA2 grows only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid (C16 or C18) and accumulates a higher concentration of supplemented acid which influences its fatty acid profile.

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