The bulk transfer coefficients and surface fluxes on the western Tibetan Plateau

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Li ◽  
Tingyang Duan ◽  
Yuanfa Gong
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Western Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bulk Transfer Coefficients

scholarly journals Estimates of the Bulk Transfer Coefficients and Surface Fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau using AWS Data.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Li ◽  
Tingyang Duan ◽  
Shigenori Haginoya ◽  
Longxun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Bulk Transfer Coefficients

scholarly journals Characteristics of Land–Atmosphere Interaction Parameters over the Tibetan Plateau

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhou Wang ◽  
Yaoming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Bulk Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Resistance To Heat ◽  
Excess Resistance

Abstract In this study, eddy covariance flux data collected from three research stations on the Tibetan Plateau—Qomolangma for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research, Nam Co for Multisphere Observation and Research, and Southeast Tibet Station for Alpine Environment Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences—are used to analyze the variation of momentum transfer coefficient (CD), heat transfer coefficient (CH), aerodynamic roughness length (z0m), thermal roughness length (z0h), and excess resistance to heat transfer (kB−1, where k is von Kármán’s constant and B−1 is a non-dimensional bulk parameter). The following results are found. The monthly average surface roughness, bulk transfer coefficient, and excess resistance to heat transfer at all three stations are obtained. The values of average heat bulk transfer coefficients are larger than those of average momentum bulk transfer coefficients at all three stations. The parameter kB−1 exhibits clear diurnal variations with lower values in the night and higher values in the daytime, especially in the afternoon. Negative values of kB−1 are often observed in the night for relatively smooth surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that heat transfer efficiency may exceed that of momentum transfer.

The spatial heterogeneity of land surface conditions and its influence on surface fluxes over a typical underlying surface in the Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhou Sun ◽  
Zeyong Hu ◽  
Jiemin Wang ◽  
Weiqiang Ma ◽  
Lianglei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Underlying Surface ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Conditions

Dzaekha game drives for antelope hunting on the north-western Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
pp. 427-446
Author(s):  
Toni Huber
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Tibetan Plateau ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Association of the pre-monsoon thermal field over north India and the western Tibetan Plateau with summer monsoon rainfall over India

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Bansod ◽  
S. Fadnavis ◽  
S. P. Ghanekar
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
North India ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Summer Monsoon Region

Abstract. In this paper, interannual variability of tropospheric air temperatures over the Asian summer monsoon region during the pre-monsoon months is examined in relation to Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June to September total rainfall). For this purpose, monthly grid-point temperatures in the entire troposphere over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR data for the period 1949–2012 have been used. Spatial correlation patterns are investigated between the temperature field in the lower tropospheric levels during May over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR. The results indicate a strong and significant northwest–southeast dipole structure in the spatial correlations over the Indian region, with highly significant positive (negative) correlations over the regions of north India and the western Tibetan Plateau region – region R1 (north Bay of Bengal: region R2). The observed dipole is seen significantly up to a level of 850 hPa and eventually disappears at 700 hPa. Thermal indices evaluated at 850 hPa level, based on average air temperatures over the north India and western Tibetan Plateau region (TI1) and the north Bay of Bengal region (TI2) during May, show a strong, significant relationship with the ISMR. The results are found to be consistent and robust, especially in the case of TI1 during the period of analysis. A physical mechanism for the relationship between these indices and ISMR is proposed. Finally the composite annual cycle of tropospheric air temperature over R1 during flood/drought years of ISMR is examined. The study brings out the importance of the TI1 in the prediction of flood/drought conditions over the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Surface Energy and CO2 Fluxes over a Site in Western Tibetan Plateau

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbing Zhao ◽  
Changwei Liu ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yubin Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Western Tibetan Plateau

Land surface process observations in the western Tibet Plateau (TP) are limited because of the abominable natural conditions. During the field campaign of the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX III), continuous measurements on the four radiation fluxes (downward/upward short/long-wave radiations), three heat fluxes (turbulent sensible/latent heat fluxes and soil heat flux) and also CO2 flux were collected from June 2015 through January 2017 at Shiquanhe (32.50° N, 80.08° E, 4279.3 m above sea level) in the western Tibetan Plateau. Diurnal and seasonal variation characteristics of these surface energy and CO2 fluxes were presented and analyzed in this study. Results show that (1) diurnal variations of the seven energy fluxes were found with different magnitudes, (2) seasonal variations appeared for the seven energy fluxes with their maxima in summer and minima in winter, (3) diurnal and seasonal variations of respiration caused by the biological and chemical processes within the soil were found, and absorption (release) of CO2 around 0.1 mg m−2 s−1 occurred at afternoon of summer (midnight of winter), but the absorption and release generally canceled out from a yearly perspective; and (4) the surface energy balance ratio went through both diurnal and seasonal cycles, and in summer months the slopes of the fitting curve were above 0.6, but in winter months they were around 0.5. Comparing the results of the Shiquanhe site with the central and eastern TP sites, it was found that (1) they all generally had similar seasonal and diurnal variations of the fluxes, (2) caused by the low rainfall quantity, latent heat flux at Shiquanhe (daily daytime mean always less than 90 W m−2) was distinctively smaller than at the central and eastern TP sites during the wet season (generally larger than 100 W m−2), and (3) affected by various factors, the residual energy was comparatively larger at Shiquanhe, which led to a small surface energy balance ratio.

scholarly journals Influence of thermodynamic soil and vegetation parameterizations on the simulation of soil temperature states and surface fluxes by the Noah LSm over a Tibetan plateau site

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van der Velde ◽  
Z. Su ◽  
M. Ek ◽  
M. Rodell ◽  
Y. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Soil Heat Flux ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Thermal Properties

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the ability of the Noah Land Surface model (LSm) to simulate temperature states in the soil profile and surface fluxes measured during a 7-day dry period at a micrometeorological station on the Tibetan Plateau. Adjustments in soil and vegetation parameterizations required to ameliorate the Noah simulation on these two aspects are presented, which include: (1) Differentiating the soil thermal properties of top- and subsoils, (2) Investigation of the different numerical soil discretizations and (3) Calibration of the parameters utilized to describe the transpiration dynamics of the Plateau vegetation. Through the adjustments in the parameterization of the soil thermal properties (STP) simulation of the soil heat transfer is improved, which results in a reduction of Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSD's) by 14%, 18% and 49% between measured and simulated skin, 5-cm and 25-cm soil temperatures, respectively. Further, decreasing the minimum stomatal resistance (Rc, min) and the optimum temperature for transpiration (Topt) of the vegetation parameterization reduces RMSD's between measured and simulated energy balance components by 30%, 20% and 5% for the sensible, latent and soil heat flux, respectively.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Variations in Precipitation and Moisture Trajectories on the Western Tibetan Plateau, China

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wusheng Yu ◽  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Lide Tian ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Naoyuki Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Western Tibetan Plateau

Fallacies of the Enthalpy Transfer Coefficient over the Ocean in High Winds

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar L Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interfacial Transfer ◽  
High Winds

Abstract Mesoscale and large-scale atmospheric models use a bulk surface flux algorithm to compute the turbulent flux boundary conditions at the bottom of the atmosphere from modeled mean meteorological quantities such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity. This study, on the other hand, uses a state-of-the-art bulk air–sea flux algorithm in stand-alone mode to compute the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat, and enthalpy for a wide range of typical (though randomly generated) meteorological conditions over the open ocean. The flux algorithm treats both interfacial transfer (controlled by molecular processes right at the air–sea interface) and transfer mediated by sea spray. Because these two transfer routes obey different scaling laws, neutral-stability, 10-m transfer coefficients for enthalpy CKN10, latent heat CEN10, and sensible heat CHN10 are quite varied when calculated from the artificial flux data under the assumption of only interfacial transfer—the assumption in almost all analyses of measured air–sea fluxes. That variability increases with wind speed because of increasing spray-mediated transfer and also depends on surface temperature and atmospheric stratification. The analysis thereby reveals as fallacious several assumptions that are common in air–sea interaction research—especially in high winds. For instance, CKN10, CEN10, and CHN10 are not constants; they are not even single-valued functions of wind speed, nor must they increase monotonically with wind speed if spray-mediated transfer is important. Moreover, the ratio CKN10/CDN10, where CDN10 is the neutral-stability, 10-m drag coefficient, does not need to be greater than 0.75 at all wind speeds, as many have inferred from Emanuel’s seminal paper in this journal. Data from the literature and from the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST) hurricane experiment tend to corroborate these results.

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