HIV infection treatment guidelines for adults updated

2000 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Infection Treatment

Genetic editing techniques in HIV infection treatment

Infectio ro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (52) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Alina Șerbănescu
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infection Treatment

scholarly journals Epigenome-wide epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus infection, treatment, and disease progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boghuma K. Titanji ◽  
Marta Gwinn ◽  
Vincent C. Marconi ◽  
Yan V. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Research

AbstractDespite significant advances in the treatment and care of people with HIV (PWH), several challenges remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis to improve patient care. HIV infection can modify the host epigenome and as such can impact disease progression, as well as the molecular processes driving non-AIDS comorbidities in PWH. Epigenetic epidemiologic studies including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) offer a unique set of tools to expand our understanding of HIV disease and to identify novel strategies applicable to treatment and diagnosis in this patient population. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge from epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH, identify the main challenges of this approach, and highlight future directions for the field. Emerging epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH can expand our understanding of HIV infection and health outcomes, improve scientific validity through collaboration and replication, and increase the coverage of diverse populations affected by the global HIV pandemic. Through this review, we hope to highlight the potential of EWAS as a tool for HIV research and to engage more investigators to explore its application to important research questions.

Managing the Patient with Multidrug-Resistant HIV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Thu ◽  
Naiel Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Therapy Treatment

During approximately the past 15 years, HIV infection has been transformed into a chronic manageable disease primarily due to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Treatment guidelines emphasize the need for at least two or preferably three fully active medications in the salvage regimens of patients experiencing virologic failure. The new regimen should be started with as little interruption as possible because the structured interruption of treatment in patient with multidrug-resistant HIV infection is associated with greater progression of the disease. The new pharmacokinetic enhancer, cobicistat, is available as a fixed-dose combination product with antiretroviral medication that allows the treatment to be simplified and reduces the pill burden.

Structured Intermittent Interruption of Chronic HIV Infection Treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Effects on Leptin and TNF-α

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Montes De Oca Arjona ◽  
R. Pérez-Cano ◽  
R. Garcia-Juárez ◽  
A. Martín-Aspas ◽  
C. Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation and EIF2 signaling persist in an HiPSC tri-culture model of HIV infection despite antiretroviral treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean K. Ryan ◽  
Michael V. Gonzalez ◽  
James P. Garifallou ◽  
Frederick C. Bennett ◽  
Kimberly S. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractHIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) affect over half of HIV-infected individuals worldwide, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therapeutically targetable mechanisms underlying HAND remain elusive. We developed a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (HiPSC) based model; whereby, we independently differentiate HiPSCs into neurons, astrocytes, and microglia and systematically combine to generate a tri-culture with or without HIV-infection and ART. scRNAseq analysis on tri-cultures including HIV-infected microglia revealed inflammatory signatures in the microglia and EIF2 signaling in all three cell types. Remarkably, EFZ alone induced a similar response to infection. Treatment with the antiretroviral compound Efavirenz (EFZ) mostly resolved these signatures; However, EFZ increased RhoGDI and CD40 signaling in the HIV-infected microglia. This activation was associated with a persistent increase in TNFa expression. This work establishes a tri-culture that recapitulates key features of HIV infection in the CNS and provides a new model to examine the effects of HIV infection and its treatment with antiretrovirals.

scholarly journals Mortality among children under five years admitted for routine care of severe acute malnutrition: a prospective cohort study from Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damalie Nalwanga ◽  
Victor Musiime ◽  
Samuel Kizito ◽  
John Baptist Kiggundu ◽  
Anthony Batte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Mortality among children under five years of age admitted to malnutrition units in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. The burden of HIV infection, a major risk factor for mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), has reduced due to concerted prevention and treatment strategies. None the less, anecdotal reports from the malnutrition unit at Uganda’s National Referral Hospital (NRH) indicate that there is high mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in routine care. Uganda has recently adopted the revised World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for SAM to improve outcomes. The mortality among children with SAM in routine care has not been recently elucidated. We report the magnitude and factors associated with mortality among children under five years of age admitted to the NRH for routine care of SAM. Methods This was a cohort study of all severely malnourished children admitted to the NRH between June and October 2017. The primary outcome was two-week mortality. Mortality was calculated using simple proportions and Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with time to mortality. Data was entered into Epidata and analysed using Stata v14. Results: Two-hundred-sixty (98.5%) children: 59.6% male; mean age 14.4 (SD 9.4) months, completed two weeks of follow-up. Of these, 25.2% (95% CI 19.9-30.4%) died. In-hospital mortality was 20.7% (95% CI15.9-25.6%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 12.2%. Factors associated with mortality included: positive HIV status (AHR 2.2, (95% CI; 1.2-4.2), p=0.014), bacteraemia (AHR 9 (95% CI 3.4-23.0), p<0.001, and low glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), AHR 3.2; (95% CI 1.7-6.3), p=0.001). Conclusions A 25% mortality among children with severe malnutrition remains unacceptably high despite significant reduction in HIV prevalence. Children with SAM who are HIV infected, have eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 or have bacteraemia, are more likely to die. Further studies to explore the relationship between eGFR and mortality among children with SAM are needed. Studies to establish efficacious antibiotics are urgently required to inform treatment guidelines for children with SAM.

scholarly journals Mortality among children under five years admitted for routine care of severe acute malnutrition: a prospective study from Kampala, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damalie Nalwanga ◽  
Victor Musiime ◽  
Samuel Kizito ◽  
John Baptist Kiggundu ◽  
Philippa Musoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Mortality among children under five years of age admitted to malnutrition units in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. The burden of HIV infection, a major risk factor for mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), has reduced due to concerted prevention and treatment strategies. None the less, anecdotal reports from the malnutrition unit at Uganda’s National Referral Hospital (NRH) indicate that there is high mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in routine care. Uganda has recently adopted the revised World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for SAM to improve outcomes. The mortality among children with SAM in routine care has not been recently elucidated. We report the magnitude and factors associated with mortality among children under five years of age admitted to the NRH for routine care of SAM. Methods: This was a cohort study of all severely malnourished children admitted to the NRH between June and October 2017. The primary outcome was two-week mortality. Mortality was calculated using simple proportions and Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with time to mortality. Data was entered into Epidata and analysed using Stata v14. Results: Two-hundred-sixty (98.5%) children: 59.6% male; mean age 14.4 (SD 9.4) months, completed two weeks of follow-up. Of these, 25.2 % (95% CI 19.9-30.4%) died. In-hospital mortality was 20.7% (95% CI 15.9-25.6%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 12.2%. Factors associated with mortality included: positive HIV status (AHR 2.2, (95% CI; 1.2-4.2), p=0.014), bacteraemia (AHR 9 (95% CI 3.4-23.0), p<0.001, and low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), AHR 3.2; (95% CI 1.7-6.3), p=0.001). Conclusions: A 25% mortality among children with severe malnutrition remains unacceptably high despite significant reduction in HIV prevalence. Children with SAM who are HIV infected, have GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or are bacteraemic, are more likely to die. Further studies to explore the relationship between GFR and mortality among children with SAM are needed. Studies to establish efficacious antibiotics are urgently required to inform treatment guidelines for children with SAM.

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