scholarly journals Searching for Earth/Solar axion halos

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Banerjee ◽  
Dmitry Budker ◽  
Joshua Eby ◽  
Victor V. Flambaum ◽  
Hyungjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Axion ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
Near Future

Abstract We discuss the sensitivity of the present and near-future axion dark matter experiments to a halo of axions or axion-like particles gravitationally bound to the Earth or the Sun. Such halos, assuming they are formed, can be searched for in a wide variety of experiments even when the axion couplings to matter are small, while satisfying all the present experimental bounds on the local properties of dark matter. The structure and coherence properties of these halos also imply novel signals, which can depend on the latitude or orientation of the detector. We demonstrate this by analyzing the sensitivity of several distinct types of axion dark matter experiments.

scholarly journals A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Shiokawa ◽  
Katya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Program ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Grand Minimum ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various responses in geospace and atmosphere. This Sun–Earth connection variates in time scales from milli-seconds to millennia and beyond. The solar activity, which has a ~11-year periodicity, is gradually declining in recent three solar cycles, suggesting a possibility of a grand minimum in near future. VarSITI—variability of the Sun and its terrestrial impact—was the 5-year program of the scientific committee on solar-terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP) in 2014–2018, focusing on this variability of the Sun and its consequences on the Earth. This paper reviews some background of SCOSTEP and its past programs, achievements of the 5-year VarSITI program, and remaining outstanding questions after VarSITI.

scholarly journals Relaxion stars and their detection via atomic physics

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Banerjee ◽  
Dmitry Budker ◽  
Joshua Eby ◽  
Hyungjin Kim ◽  
Gilad Perez
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Hierarchy Problem ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Present Universe ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Detection Strategies

AbstractThe cosmological relaxion can address the hierarchy problem, while its coherent oscillations can constitute dark matter in the present universe. We consider the possibility that the relaxion forms gravitationally bound objects that we denote as relaxion stars. The density of these stars would be higher than that of the local dark matter density, resulting in enhanced signals in table-top detectors, among others. Furthermore, we raise the possibility that these objects may be trapped by an external gravitational potential, such as that of the Earth or the Sun. This leads to formation of relaxion halos of even greater density. We discuss several interesting implications of relaxion halos, as well as detection strategies to probe them. Here, we show that current and near-future atomic physics experiments can probe physical models of relaxion dark matter in scenarios of bound relaxion halos around the Earth or Sun.

scholarly journals CAPTURE OF DARK MATTER BY THE SOLAR SYSTEM: SIMPLE ESTIMATES

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. KHRIPLOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Capture Cross Section ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Galactic Dark Matter ◽  
Three Body

We consider the capture of galactic dark matter by the solar system, due to the gravitational three-body interaction of the Sun, a planet, and a dark matter particle. Simple estimates are presented for the capture cross-section, as well as for the density and velocity distributions of captured dark matter particles close to the Earth.

scholarly journals PARTICLE PHYSICS CONFRONTS THE SOLAR NEUTRINO PROBLEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (22) ◽  
pp. 5387-5459 ◽  
Author(s):  
PALASH B. PAL
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Solar Neutrino ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Neutrino Problem ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Near Future

This review has four parts. In Part I, we describe the reactions that produce neutrinos in the sun and the expected flux of those neutrinos on the earth. We then discuss the detection of these neutrinos, and how the results obtained differ from the theoretical expectations, leading to what is known as the solar neutrino problem. In Part II, we show how neutrino oscillations can provide a solution to the solar neutrino problem. This includes vacuum oscillations, as well as matter enhanced oscillations. In Part III, we discuss the possibility of time variation of the neutrino flux and how a magnetic moment of the neutrino can explain the phenomenon. We also discuss particle physics models which can give rise to the required values of magnetic moments. In Part IV, we present some concluding remarks and outlook for the near future.

scholarly journals Conceptual design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abeln ◽  
◽  
K. Altenmüller ◽  
S. Arguedas Cuendis ◽  
E. Armengaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Axion ◽  
Solar Axions ◽  
Final System ◽  
Experimental Stage

Abstract This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to gaγ ∼ 1.5 × 10−11 GeV−1, and masses up to ma ∼ 0.25 eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups.

scholarly journals Indirect Searches for Dark Matter with IceCube

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Aguilar Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Neutrino Telescope ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Modern Cosmology

The nature of dark matter remains one of the unsolved questions in modern cosmology and to understand its properties different experimental avenues are being explored. Indirect searches make use of the annihilation or decay products of dark matter as tracers to prove its existence. Unlike direct detections methods, indirect searches do not require specialized detectors as existing astro-particle experiments and facilities can be used to search for signatures of dark matter. Among the decay and annihilation products, neutrinos offer a unique way to search for dark matter since their low cross-section makes them capable of escaping from environments in which gamma rays will be absorbed, like the Sun or the Earth. The IceCube neutrino telescope is not only an excellent astro-particle detector, it also has lively program on dark matter searches with very competitive and complementary results to direct detection limits. These proceedings review the latests results of IceCube regarding the indirect search of dark matter with neutrinos.

Seti Space Missions

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Antennas ◽  
New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

Spots on the Sun and Life on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Valentina V. Ukraintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth

Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life On Mars ◽  
The Universe

There are eight columns in the Periodic Table. The eighth column is comprised of the rare gases, so-called because they are the rarest elements on earth. They are also called the inert or noble gases because, like nobility, they do no work. They are colorless, odorless, invisible gases which do not react with anything, and were thought to be unimportant until the early 1960s. Starting in that era, David Fisher has spent roughly fifty years doing research on these gases, publishing nearly a hundred papers in the scientific journals, applying them to problems in geophysics and cosmochemistry, and learning how other scientists have utilized them to change our ideas about the universe, the sun, and our own planet. Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing will cover this spectrum of ideas, interspersed with the author's own work which will serve to introduce each gas and the important work others have done with them. The rare gases have participated in a wide range of scientific advances-even revolutions-but no book has ever recorded the entire story. Fisher will range from the intricacies of the atomic nucleus and the tiniest of elementary particles, the neutrino, to the energy source of the stars; from the age of the earth to its future energies; from life on Mars to cancer here on earth. A whole panoply that has never before been told as an entity.

Dombey and Son

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Dennis Walder
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
The One

Dombey and Son ... Those three words conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombey's life. The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light.' The hopes of Mr Dombey for the future of his shipping firm are centred on his delicate son Paul, and Florence, his devoted daughter, is unloved and neglected. When the firm faces ruin, and Dombey's second marriage ends in disaster, only Florence has the strength and humanity to save her father from desolate solitude. This new edition contains Dickens's prefaces, his working plans, and all the original illustrations by ‘Phiz’. The text is that of the definitive Clarendon edition. It has been supplemented by a wide-ranging Introduction, highlighting Dickens's engagement with his times, and the touching exploration of family relationships which give the novel added depth and relevance.

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