scholarly journals Interpreting global trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed K. Ali ◽  
Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Edward W. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInternational trends in traditional diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, peripheral vascular, ophthalmic, hepatic or neurological diseases) and mortality rates are poorly characterised. An earlier review of studies published up to 2015 demonstrated that most data come from a dozen high-income countries (HICs) in North America, Europe or the Asia–Pacific region and that, in these countries at least, rates of acute glycaemic fluctuations needing medical attention and amputations, myocardial infarction and mortality were all declining over the period. Here, we provide an updated review of published literature on trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality in adults since 2015. We also discuss issues related to data collection, analysis and reporting that have influenced global trends in type 2 diabetes and its complications. We found that most data on trends in type 2 diabetes, its complications and mortality come from a small number of HICs with comprehensive surveillance systems, though at least some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from Africa and Latin America are represented in this review. The published data suggest that HICs have experienced declines in cardiovascular complication rates and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. In parallel, cardiovascular complications and mortality rates in people with diabetes have increased over time in LMICs. However, caution is warranted in interpreting trends from LMICs due to extremely sparse data or data that are not comparable across countries. We noted that approaches to case ascertainment and definitions of complications and mortality (numerators) and type 2 diabetes (the denominator) vary widely and influence the interpretation of international data. We offer four key recommendations to more rigorously document trends in rates of type 2 diabetes complications and mortality, over time and worldwide: (1) increasing investments in data collection systems; (2) standardising case definitions and approaches to ascertainment; (3) strengthening analytical capacity; and (4) developing and implementing structured guidelines for reporting of data. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Trace Lithium in Drinking Water and the Rising Rates of Age-Adjusted Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality in Texas

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Andrew Fajardo ◽  
Val Andrei Fajardo ◽  
Paul J. LeBlanc ◽  
Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mortality rates have steadily increased over time. Lithium, the current gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder, can exert neuroprotective effects against AD. Objective: We examined the relationship between trace levels of lithium in drinking water and changes in AD mortality across several Texas counties. Methods: 6,180 water samples from public wells since 2007 were obtained and averaged for 234 of 254 Texas counties. Changes in AD mortality rates were calculated by subtracting aggregated age-adjusted mortality rates obtained between 2000–2006 from those obtained between 2009–2015. Using aggregated rates maximized the number of counties with reliable mortality data. Correlational analyses between average lithium concentrations and changes in AD mortality were performed while also adjusting for gender, race, education, rural living, air pollution, physical inactivity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Results: Age-adjusted AD mortality rate was significantly increased over time (+27%, p < 0.001). Changes in AD mortality were negatively correlated with trace lithium levels (p = 0.01, r = –0.20), and statistical significance was maintained after controlling for most risk factors except for physical inactivity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes positively correlated with changes in AD mortality (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), but also negatively correlated with trace lithium in drinking water (p = 0.05 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Trace lithium in water is negatively linked with changes in AD mortality, as well as obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are important risk factors for AD.

scholarly journals Humalog Mix 25 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Zoloedov ◽  
Ivan Petrovich Gorshkov ◽  
Anna Petrovna Volynkina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Treatment Intensification

Diabetes mellitus type 2 remains one of the most significant chronic diseases. More than 552 million individuals (one of every teninhabitants of the planet) are estimated to have diabetes mellitus to 2030. Early incapacitation and high mortality rates resulting fromlong-term diabetes complications constitute social significance of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Despite modern advances intreatment, most diabetic patients are not adequately compensated, requiring intensification of insulin therapy. Pre-mixed insulins areone of the most advanced options of treatment intensification.

2223-PUB: Association of Vitamin D Metabolites with Type 2 Diabetes Complications in Qatar

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2223-PUB
Author(s):  
STEPHEN ATKIN ◽  
ALEXANDRA E. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Complications and Comorbidity in Sub-Saharan Africans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ekoru ◽  
Ayo Doumatey ◽  
Amy R. Bentley ◽  
Guanjie Chen ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Sodium Intake and Incidence of Diabetes Complications in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—Analysis of Data from the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Study (J-EDIT)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Chika Horikawa ◽  
Rei Aida ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Chiemi Kamada ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

This study investigates the associations between sodium intake and diabetes complications in a nationwide cohort of elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65–85. Data from 912 individuals regarding their dietary intake at baseline is analyzed and assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcomes are times to diabetic retinopathy, overt nephropathy, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality during six years. We find that mean sodium intake in quartiles ranges from 2.5 g to 5.9 g/day. After adjustment for confounders, no significant associations are observed between sodium intake quartiles and incidence of diabetes complications and mortality, except for a significant trend for an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.039). Among patients whose vegetable intake was less than the average of 268.7 g, hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetic retinopathy in patients in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of sodium intake compared with the first quartile were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.31–2.41), 2.61 (1.00–6.83), and 3.70 (1.37–10.02), respectively. Findings indicate that high sodium intake under conditions of low vegetable intake is associated with an elevated incidence of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Michael Doumas ◽  
Konstantinos Imprialos ◽  
Konstantinos Stavropoulos ◽  
Vasilios G. Athyros
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Pharmacological Management
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