scholarly journals Waiting for family reunification and the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers: a 24-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Hvidtfeldt ◽  
Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽  
Marie Norredam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Mental Health Effects

Abstract Purpose To examine whether family separation caused by prolonged waiting for family reunification is associated with the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers. Method Based on full-population Danish registry data covering 1995–2015, we mapped arrival patterns among nuclear refugee family members resettled in Denmark (n = 76,776) and established a cohort of refugee fathers (n = 6176) who all arrived alone and later obtained family reunification with their wife and children. The fathers were followed for up to 24 years, from the day their residence permit was issued until their first psychiatric diagnosis, emigration, death, or study end, whichever came first. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of being diagnosed with a mental disorder (i) for the period while the fathers were still separated from their family and (ii) across varying lengths of family separation. Results The HR of any mental disorder was 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–2.81) for fathers still separated from their family compared with those who had obtained family reunification. The HR increased with longer family separation. Compared with fathers separated for < 9 months, the HR of any mental disorder was 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.89) for 9–11 months’ separation, increasing to 2.02 (95% CI 1.52–2.68) for 18–23 months’ separation. Results were driven by post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion Fathers waiting for their wives and children face an increased risk of mental disorders. Countries receiving refugees should be aware that delaying family reunification can lead to adverse mental health effects.

Prolonged family separation is associated with increased risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hvidtfeldt ◽  
J H Petersen ◽  
M Norredam
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Mental Health Effects

Abstract Background Refugees resettled in Western countries experience long periods of family separation due to waiting first for asylum, and then for family reunification. This study aimed to examine if family separation is associated with psychiatric disease among refugee fathers. Methods We traversed full-population Danish administrative data since 1986 to establish a cohort of refugee fathers from nuclear families in which the father was the first to arrive and resettled alone during 1995-2015, and where the mother and children were later family reunified. We followed these fathers for up to 24 years from the day their residence permit was issued until their first psychiatric diagnosis, emigration, death, or study end, whichever came first. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated the temporary and longer-term risks of psychiatric disorders for i) the total family separation period, and ii) the family separation decomposed into time waiting for, respectively, asylum and family reunification. Results 6176 fathers were included in the study. The HR assessing the temporary risk of psychiatric disorders was 2.23[95% CI: 1.72-2.89] for separated fathers compared with those who were already family reunified. As to the longer-term risk, compared with fathers separated for 0-9 months, the HR of psychiatric disorders was 1.54[1.08-2.21] after +9-12 months of separation, increasing to 1.84[1.29-2.62] after +24 months of separation. The decomposition analysis revealed that +6 months of waiting increased the risk of any psychiatric disorder by approximately 40% for both time waiting for asylum and time waiting for family reunification. Conclusions Strong evidence supports that fathers waiting for their wives and children face an increased risk of psychiatric disease. Countries receiving refugees should be aware that delayed family reunification can lead to adverse mental health effects. Key messages Family separation is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disease among refugee fathers—both while the fathers are separated from their families and after family reunification. The risk of psychiatric disease is more than double among refugee fathers still separated from their family compared with those who have been family reunified.

Excess mortality of mental disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Harris ◽  
Brian Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Common

BackgroundWe describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.MethodWith a Medline search (1966–1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.ResultsHighest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.ConclusionAll mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Use and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients Without Known Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Young Jang ◽  
Jae Hyun Kim ◽  
Yun-Kyoung Song ◽  
Ju-Young Shin ◽  
Hae-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Aims: Conflicting data exist on whether an association exists between antidepressants and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with depression. This may be due to the use of various study designs and residual or unmeasured confounding. We aimed to assess the association between antidepressant use and the risk of MACEs while considering various covariates, including severity of depression and the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score.Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with depression with no history of ischemic heart disease and stroke were followed-up from 2009 to 2015. We conducted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for each antidepressant for MACE risk.Result: We followed-up (median, 4.4 years) 31,830 matched patients with depression (15,915 antidepressant users and 15,915 non-users). In most patients (98.7%), low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were related with a significantly increased risk of MACEs [adjusted HR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.40]. Duration response relationship showed a gradually increasing HR from 1.15 (95% CI = 0.98–1.33; &lt;30 days of use) to 1.84 (95% CI = 1.35–2.51; ≥365 days of use) (p for trend &lt;0.01). High Korean atherosclerotic CVD risk score (≥7.5%) or unfavorable lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise) were significantly associated with MACEs.Conclusion: Even at low doses, TCA use was associated with MACEs during primary prevention. Longer duration of TCA use correlated with higher HR. Careful monitoring is needed with TCA use in patients with no known CVD history.

scholarly journals Multi-Fetal Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Bergman ◽  
Paliz Nordlöf-Callbo ◽  
Anna Karin Wikström ◽  
Jonathan M. Snowden ◽  
Susanne Hesselman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Joint Contribution

This Swedish register-based cohort study determined the separate and joint contribution of preeclampsia and multi-fetal pregnancy on a woman’s risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. The study included 892 425 first deliveries between 1973 and 2010 of women born 1950 until 1971, identified in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. A composite outcome of CVD was retrieved through linkage with the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the risk of CVD in women who had preeclampsia in a singleton or multi-fetal pregnancy, adjusting for potential confounders, and presented as adjusted hazard ratios. Compared with women who had a singleton pregnancy without preeclampsia (the referent group), women with preeclampsia in a singleton pregnancy had an increased risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.75 [95% CI, 1.64–1.86]). Women who had a multi-fetal pregnancy without or with preeclampsia did not have an increased risk of future CVD (adjusted hazard ratios 0.94 [95% CI, 0.79–1.10] and 1.25 [95% CI, 0.83–1.86], respectively). As opposed to preeclampsia in a first singleton pregnancy, preeclampsia in a first multi-fetal pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of future CVD. This may support the theory that preeclampsia in multi-fetal pregnancies more often occurs as a result of the larger pregnancy-related burden on the maternal cardiovascular system and excessive placenta-shed inflammatory factors, rather than the woman’s underlying cardiovascular phenotype.

scholarly journals Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Brinsley ◽  
Felipe Schuch ◽  
Oscar Lederman ◽  
Danielle Girard ◽  
Matthew Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment As Usual

ObjectiveTo assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesData were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising ≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5.Results19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41; 95% CI −0.65 to −0.17; p<0.001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=−0.44, p<0.01).

scholarly journals Incident Crohn’s Disease as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer in the First 10 Years after Diagnosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Hyunil Kim ◽  
Ji Hoon Kim ◽  
Jung Kuk Lee ◽  
Dae Ryong Kang ◽  
Su Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

We investigated the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) using the claims data of the Korean National Health Insurance during 2006–2015. The data of 13,739 and 40,495 individuals with and without CD, respectively, were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression tests. CRC developed in 25 patients (0.18%) and 42 patients (0.1%) of the CD and non-CD groups, respectively. The HR of CRC in the CD group was 2.07 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–3.41). The HRs of CRC among men and women were 2.02 (95% CI 1.06–3.87) and 2.10 (95% CI, 0.96–4.62), respectively. The HRs of CRC in the age groups 0–19, 20–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years were 0.07, 4.86, 2.32, and 0.66, respectively. The HR of patients with late-onset CD (≥40 years) was significantly higher than that of those with early-onset CD (<40 years). CD patients were highly likely to develop CRC. Early-onset CD patients were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC than matched individuals without CD. However, among CD patients, late-onset CD was significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic factors in disability retirement due to mental disorders in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Tino Karolaakso ◽  
Reija Autio ◽  
Turkka Näppilä ◽  
Kirsti Nurmela ◽  
Sami Pirkola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Previous research has identified low socioeconomic status (SES) as an epidemiological risk factor for early retirement and disability pension (DP) due to mental disorders. This study aims to examine these associations in greater detail, with separate consideration of the risk factors for mood disorders (F30–39) and non-affective psychotic disorder (F20–29) DP. Methods In this case–control setting the subjects (N = 36 879) were all those granted DP due to a mental disorder for the first time between 2010 and 2015 in Finland. All the subjects were matched with three controls for their gender, age and hospital district (N = 94 388). Three measures of dimensions of SES were used: education, income and occupational status, as well as family type as a control factor. Differences between DP recipients and controls, and between diagnostic groups, were studied using calculated characteristics and conditional logistic regression models. Results DP recipients often lived alone and had low educational and income levels. These characteristics were more prominent in non-affective psychotic disorder than in mood disorder DP. In white-collar occupational groups, the risk of DP was greater compared with blue-collar workers. Students were associated with the highest level of risk for all mental and mood disorder DPs. Conclusions We found evidence of SES factors associating with mental disorder-related severe loss of working and studying ability in a disorder-specific way. Notably, white-collar workers had an increased risk of mental disorder DP. This could be related to the psychosocially demanding contemporary working life in non-manual work.

Hurricane Katrina experience and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among pregnant women

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xiong, MD, DrPH ◽  
Emily W. Harville, PhD ◽  
Donald R. Mattison, MD ◽  
Karen Elkind-Hirsch, PhD ◽  
Gabriella Pridjian, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Hurricane Exposure

Objective: Little is known about the effects of disaster exposure and intensity on the development of mental disorders among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exposure to Hurricane Katrina on mental health in pregnant women.Design: Prospective cohort epidemiological study.Setting: Tertiary hospitals in New Orleans and Baton Rouge, USA.Participants: Women who were pregnant during Hurricane Katrina or became pregnant immediately after the hurricane.Main outcome measures: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.Results: The frequency of PTSD was higher in women with high hurricane exposure (13.8 percent) than women without high hurricane exposure (1.3 percent), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 16.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.6-106.6) after adjustment for maternal race, age, education, smoking and alcohol use, family income, parity, and other confounders. The frequency of depression was higher in women with high hurricane exposure (32.3 percent) than women without high hurricane exposure (12.3 percent), with an aOR of 3.3 (1.6-7.1). Moreover, the risk of PTSD and depression increased with an increasing number of severe experiences of the hurricane.Conclusions: Pregnant women who had severe hurricane experiences were at a significantly increased risk for PTSD and depression. This information should be useful for screening pregnant women who are at higher risk of developing mental disorders after disaster.

scholarly journals Effects of home on the mental health of British forces serving in Iraq and Afghanistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mulligan ◽  
Norman Jones ◽  
Mark Davies ◽  
Peter McAllister ◽  
Nicola T. Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Mental Health Effects

BackgroundMost studies of the mental health of UK armed forces focus on retrospective accounts of deployment and few sample personnel while they are deployed.AimsThis study reports the results of a survey of deployed personnel, examining the perceived impact of events at home and military support for the family on current mental health during the deployment.MethodSurveys were conducted with 2042 British forces personnel serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. Prevalence of common mental disorders was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was assessed with the PTSD Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C).ResultsThe prevalence of common mental disorders was 17.8% and of probable PTSD was 2.8%. Perceived home difficulties significantly influenced the mental health of deployed personnel; the greater the perception of negative events in the home environment, the greater the reporting of adverse mental health effects. This finding was independent of combat exposure and was only partially mitigated by being well led and reporting subjectively good unit cohesion; however, the effect of the totality of home-front events was not improved by the latter. Poor perceived military support for the family had a detrimental impact on deployment mental health.ConclusionsThe armed forces offer many support services to the partners and families of deployed personnel and ensuring that the efforts being made on their behalf are well communicated might improve the mental health of deployed personnel.

scholarly journals Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McGrath ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Carmen C. W. Lim ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR=3.1, 95% CI 2.7–3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.

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