Impact of Herbicide Application Rates and Crop Residue Type on Earthworm Weights

The purpose of this study is to analyse the environmental benefits of precision agriculture technology adoption obtained from the mitigation of negative environmental impacts of agricultural inputs in modern farming. Our literature review of the environmental benefits related to the adoption of precision agriculture solutions is aimed at raising farmers' and other stakeholders' awareness of the actual environmental impacts from this set of new technologies. Existing studies were categorised according to the environmental impacts of different agricultural activities: nitrogen application, lime application, pesticide application, manure application and herbicide application. Our findings highlighted the effects of the reduction of input application rates and the consequent impacts on climate, soil, water and biodiversity. Policy makers can benefit from the outcomes of this study developing an understanding of the environmental impact of precision agriculture in order to promote and support initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable agriculture.

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Yield, germination and herbicide residue in seeds of preharvest desiccated wheat

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v40n3191284 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lais Tessari Perboni ◽

Dirceu Agostinetto ◽

Leandro Vargas ◽

Joanei Cechin ◽

Renan Ricardo Zandoná ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Application Rate ◽

Application Time ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Herbicide Residue ◽

Application Rates ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Time Periods ◽

Dough Stage ◽

Wheat Seeds

Abstract: The goals of this study were to evaluate herbicide application rates at different timings for preharvest desiccation of wheat (Trial 1), as well as to evaluate the effect of the timing of herbicide desiccation at preharvest and harvest timing (Trial 2) on yield, germination, and herbicide residue in wheat seed. In Trial 1, treatments consisted of two application rates of glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, or paraquat+diuron and a control without application; application time periods were in the milk grain to early dough stage, soft dough to hard dough stage, and hard dough stage. In Trial 2, treatments consisted of different application time periods (milk grain to early dough stage, and soft dough to hard dough stage), different herbicides (glufosinate, 2,4-D+glyphosate, and untreated control), and different harvest times (5, 10 and 15 days after herbicide application). One thousand seeds weight, yield, first and final germination count, and herbicide residue on seeds were evaluated. Preharvest desiccation with paraquat, glufosinate, and 2,4-D+glyphosate at the milk grain to early dough stage reduces wheat yield. Regardless of the herbicide and application rate, application in the milk grain to early dough stage and soft dough to hard dough stage provides greater germination of wheat seeds, except at the lower dose of paraquat. Systemic herbicides accumulate more in wheat seeds.

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Matching herbicide application rates with the environmental conditions and growth stages of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) and hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous) in pastures

Weed Biology and Management ◽

10.1111/j.1445-6664.2008.00297.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

HAN EERENS ◽

JUDY MELLSOP

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Carduus Nutans ◽

Application Rates

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S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582012000400021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 861-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.M. Correia ◽

F.J. Perussi ◽

L.J.P. Gomes

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

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The effects of glyphosate and triclopyr on common bryophytes and lichens in northwestern Ontario

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x99-083 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 1101-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Steven G Newmaster ◽

F Wayne Bell ◽

Dale H Vitt

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Northwestern Ontario ◽

Application Rates ◽

Open Forest ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Relationship

The effects of two silvicultural herbicides (Vision®, Release®) on bryophytes and lichens were studied in a harvested boreal mixedwood ecosystem. A completely randomized design with 115 plots of 1 m2 allowed direct comparison between herbicides and their effects on community dynamics. Regression models were used to analyze the relationship between herbicide application rates (0.71-6.72 kg active ingredient/ha) and changes in bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness for 2 years following herbicide application. Results showed that bryophyte and lichen abundance and species richness decreased after herbicide treatments. In general, herbicide applications reduced the diversity of forest mesophytes and weedy colonizers to an ecosystem with only a few species of colonizers. A combination of clustering techniques and ANOVA were used to divide bryophytes and lichens into three ecologically defined response groups: herbicide-tolerant colonizers, semi tolerant long-term stayers from dry open forest, and sensitive forest mesophytes.

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Reduced preemergence herbicide application rates on turfgrass treated with corn gluten meal

10.31274/rtd-180813-8260 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

David Sean Gardner

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Application ◽

Corn Gluten Meal ◽

Application Rates ◽

Corn Gluten

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Effects of Imazapic on Target and Nontarget Vegetation during Revegetation

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-131.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1071-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Roger L. Sheley ◽

Michael F. Carpinelli ◽

Kimberly J. Reever Morghan

Keyword(s):

Prescribed Fire ◽

Application Rate ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Burn Treatment ◽

Application Rates ◽

Nontarget Species ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Plot Design

Medusahead is an introduced, winter-annual grass covering millions of hectares of the semiarid West. It forms exclusive stands and has a dense thatch cover that resists the establishment of desirable species. Prescribed fire can remove medusahead litter and improve plant establishment. Medusahead control is fundamental to establishing desirable species that will, in turn, resist further invasion. Imazapic is an effective herbicide for control of medusahead, but more information is needed on its effects on desirable species. Our objectives were to test how imazapic application rate and timing affected medusahead, seeded desirable species, and other nontarget vegetation on burned and unburned rangeland in southeast Oregon. We burned existing medusahead infestations at two different sites in June 2003. Following the burn, imazapic was applied at rates of 0, 35, 70, 105, 140, 175, and 210 g ai/ha between July and October of 2003 in a randomized strip-plot design. In November 2003, monocultures of seven desirable species were drill-seeded across the imazapic treated areas. Data on cover and density of medusahead and seeded species were collected in 2004 and 2005. Cover data of nontarget species were collected in the summer of 2005. Medusahead cover was highest in control plots and lowest in plots that received the highest herbicide application rates. Medusahead cover was lower in burned plots. The effect of imazapic on nontarget vegetation was less clear. Seeded species established in the study plots, but their response to herbicide rate showed few consistent patterns; some of the seeded species showed little response to herbicide, whereas others appeared to establish best at different herbicide rates, depending on site and whether the plots were burned or unburned. Site and burn treatment also affected how imazapic rate or application month influenced cover of perennial or annual grasses or forbs.

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Effects of urea formulations, application rates and crop residue retention on N2O emissions from sugarcane fields in Australia

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

W.J. Wang ◽

S.H. Reeves ◽

B. Salter ◽

P.W. Moody ◽

R.C. Dalal

Keyword(s):

Crop Residue ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Application Rates ◽

Residue Retention

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Effect of Land Configuration and Crop Residue – Mulch on Millet Performance in Minna, Savanna of Nigeria

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v33i530156 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

P. C. Eze ◽

A. J. Odofin ◽

A. Attahiru ◽

I. N. Onyekwere ◽

B. A. Lawal

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Area Index ◽

Application Rates ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Number Of Leaves

A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in cropping season at the old Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Minna, to determine the effect of land configuration and crop residue – mulch on the growth and yield of millet in Minna, Southern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. It was a randomized complete block design with two types of land configuration (ridge and flat surface) and three mulch application rates (0, 10 and 15 t/ha), replicated three times. Composite soil samples were collected from the experimental site at 0 – 15 and 15 – 30 cm depths prior to the commencement of this study, for the determination of initial soil physicochemical properties. Crop growth parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant and leaf area index at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after planting. Yield indices determined were panicle length and stover yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance, while means separation was done using Duncan’s multiple range test. Findings in this study showed that planting on ridge resulted in taller (P ≤ 0.05) millet plants and a higher number of leaves per plant, a higher number of tillers per plant and higher leaf area index than planting on the flat. Plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of tillers per plant, leaf area index, panicle length and stover yield increased with increasing mulch application rates.

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