scholarly journals Safety at work and immigration

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-221
Author(s):  
Cristina Bellés-Obrero ◽  
Nicolau Martin Bassols ◽  
Judit Vall Castello
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Immigration Debate ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Universe

Abstract This paper examines the effect of immigration on workplace safety, an understudied outcome in the literature. We use a novel administrative dataset of the universe of workplace accidents reported in Spain from 2003 to 2015 and follow an instrumental variables (IV) strategy based on the distribution of early migrants across provinces. Our results show that the massive inflow of immigrants between 2003 and 2009 reduced the number of workplace accidents by 10,980 for native workers (7% of the overall reduction during that period). This decline in workplace accidents is driven by Spanish-born workers shifting away from manual occupations to occupations involving more interpersonal interactions. Immigrant flows during the economic crisis (2010–2015) had no impact on natives’ workplace safety. The scarcity of jobs during that period may have prevented shifts between occupations. Finally, we find no effects of immigration on the workplace safety of immigrants. These results add a previously unexplored dimension to the immigration debate that should be taken into account when evaluating the costs and benefits of migration flows.

Governing workplace safety through apparatuses: A historical study of the French construction industry in the 20th century

Organization ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Daudigeos ◽  
Stéphane Jaumier ◽  
Amélie Boutinot
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Critical Management ◽  
Composite Nature ◽  
Power Arrangements ◽  
Critical Management Studies

Critical management studies have largely failed to offer a comprehensive understanding of the devising and implementation of workplace-safety policies and of the complex power arrangements these may imply. By primarily studying forms of control in relative isolation, these studies have instead produced various puzzles, namely, the persistence of a disciplinary treatment of workplace safety within the current neo-liberal era and the paucity of resistance to this. Drawing on the Foucauldian concept of apparatus and related analytical framework, we propose to remedy this through analysing the successive arrangements governing workplace accidents in the French construction industry during the 20th century. We evidence three successive regimes of control in which distinct apparatuses interact in various ways across different settings. Our study testifies to the composite nature of regimes of control governing workplace safety, and shows how it may impinge upon power relations, ultimately allowing more relevant struggles for a safer workplace to be envisaged. Additionally, by proposing an operationalization of the so-far-overlooked concept of apparatus, our study elaborates on the relevance of the governmentalist tradition for critical management studies.

Costs and Benefits of Preventing Workplace Accidents

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lanoie ◽  
Louis Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Workplace Accidents

scholarly journals On the Implications of Essential Heterogeneity for Estimating Causal Impacts Using Social Experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ravallion
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
Latent Heterogeneity ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Essential Heterogeneity

AbstractThe standard model of essential heterogeneity, whereby program take up depends on unobserved costs and benefits of take up, is generalized to allow the source of latent heterogeneity to influence counterfactual outcomes. The standard instrumental variables (IV) estimator is shown to still be preferable to the naïve, ordinary least squares (OLS), estimator for mean impact on the treated. However, under certain conditions, the IV estimate of the overall mean impact will be even more biased than OLS. Examples are given for stylized training, insurance and microcredit schemes.

scholarly journals El impacto de la crisis económica sobre la movilidad internacional de los residentes extranjeros en la provincia de Alicante

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mantecón ◽  
Raquel Huete ◽  
Jesús Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Real State

Introducción: En este estudio se investigan los efectos de la crisis económica en los flujos migratorios internacionales. Específicamente, se realiza un análisis comparado sobre los comportamientos en la movilidad residencial de los principales grupos de residentes a partir de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales (EVR) de 2005 a 2010 en Alicante.Método: Se analizan los microdatos de las EVR para comparar las entradas y salidas de inmigrantes procedentes de los países que aglutinan a las personas que se trasladan orientadas por motivos más cercanos a la esfera del ocio que a la del trabajo, con el grupo de nacionalidades que concentra a la mayoría de los inmigrantes laborales que llegaron atraídos por las ofertas de empleo generadas con la expansión del sector inmobiliario.Resultados: Entre los años 2007 y 2009 se redujeron mucho las variaciones residenciales de entrada en la provincia Alicante desde el extranjero, mientras que se incrementaron las variaciones relacionadas con las salidas. Aunque existen diferencias en el balance de entradas y salidas según la zona de la provincia, la nacionalidad y la edad de los migrantes, la crisis parece asociarse con una tendencia a la reducción del número de residentes extranjeros en general.Discusión o Conclusión: Se concluye que la crisis no sólo ha generado un éxodo de los ciudadanos con menos recursos económicos, también ha provocado la salida masiva de aquellos otros inmigrantes cuya presencia en España se asocia con el consumo. Introduction: The economic crisis effects on the international migration flows are examined in this study. Specifically we carry out a comparative analysis of the residential mobility patterns of the main groups of residents from the Residential Variation Statistics since 2005 to 2010 in Alicante.Method: We compare the cluster of immigrants from countries where people move for leisure-oriented reasons and the group of nationalities that concentrates most labour migrants, attracted by the jobs that the expansion of the real state sector generated.Results: Between 2007 and 2009, there was a large reduction in the entry of foreigners to Alicante province. At the same time, our analysis shows that more foreigners left the province. Although there are differences in the balance of entries and departures by region, nationality and age of migrants, the economic crisis appears to be associated with a clear negative generalized balance affecting all profiles of foreigners.Discussion or Conclusion: We conclude that the crisis has not only led to an exodus of citizens with less economic resources, it has also caused the mass departure of those other immigrants whose presence in Spain is associated with consumption.

Health Economics of the Workplace: Workplace Accidents and Effects of Job Loss and Retirement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. van Ours
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Negative Effect

There are three main topics in research on the effects of work on health. The first topic is workplace accidents where the main issues are reporting behavior and workplace safety policies. A worker seems to be less inclined to report a workplace accident for fear of job loss when unemployment is high or when the worker has a temporary contract that may not be renewed. Workplace safety legislation has intended to reduce the incidence and severity of workplace accidents but empirical evidence on this result is unclear. The second topic is employment and health where the focus is on how job characteristics and job loss affect health, in particular mental health. Physically demanding jobs have negative health effects. The effects of working hours vary and the effects of job loss on physical and mental health are not uniform. Job loss seems to increase mortality. The third topic concerns retirement and health. Retirement seems to have a negative effect on cognitive skills and short-term positive effects on overall health. Other than that, the effects are very inconsistent, that is, even with as clear a measure as mortality, it is not clear whether life expectancy goes up, goes down, or remains constant due to retirement.

scholarly journals Workplace Accidents and Workplace Safety: On Under-reporting and Temporary Jobs

Labour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Palali ◽  
Jan C. van Ours
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Workplace Accidents

Regulatory Races: The Effects of Jurisdictional Competition on Regulatory Standards

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Carruthers ◽  
Naomi R. Lamoreaux
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Arbitrage ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Regulatory Convergence

This article surveys the literature on regulatory arbitrage in four settings: labor regulation, environmental protection, corporate governance, and banking and finance. For a regulatory race to occur, firms must migrate across state or country borders in response to geographic differences in the costs and benefits of regulation, and governments must shape their regulatory policies with the aim of affecting those migration flows. We find that both these conditions hold only in rare circumstances. Instead, the much more common outcome is for political pressures within jurisdictions to produce a heterogeneous pattern resembling Tiebout sorting. Such regulatory convergence as occurs is more often the result of deliberate harmonization or imitation. (JEL G18, G28, G38, H73, J08, L51, Q58)

Emigration and Brain Drain: Evidence from the Caribbean

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
High Skill

Abstract This paper quantifies the magnitude and nature of migration flows from the Caribbean and estimates their costs and benefits. The Caribbean countries have lost 10–40 percent of their labor force due to emigration to OECD member countries. The migration rates are particularly striking for the high-skilled labor force. Many countries have lost more than 70 percent of their labor force with more than 12 years of completed schooling—among the highest emigration rates in the world. The region is also the world's largest recipient of remittances as a percent of GDP. Remittances constituted about 13 percent of the region’s GDP in 2002. Simple welfare calculations (under very conservative assumptions of elasticities) suggest that the losses due to high-skill migration (ceteris paribus) outweigh the official remittances to the Caribbean region.

The Regional Economic Crisis and Singapore: Implications for Labor Migration

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng-Tat Hui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Backed by sound economic fundamentals and policies, the Singapore economy has so far been able to cope relatively well with the economic crisis. However because of its close links with the regional economies, the deepening crisis is expected to result in a significant economic slowdown not seen since the last recession in 1985. The worsening labor market conditions are not expected to lead to massive retrenchment and repatriation of foreign workers because of the policy of retaining workers by performance rather than by their nationality. Irregular migration is an increasing problem and as unemployment rises, the effective regulation and management of foreign labor and migration flows pose a crucial challenge to policy makers in Singapore.

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