Health Economics of the Workplace: Workplace Accidents and Effects of Job Loss and Retirement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. van Ours
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Negative Effect

There are three main topics in research on the effects of work on health. The first topic is workplace accidents where the main issues are reporting behavior and workplace safety policies. A worker seems to be less inclined to report a workplace accident for fear of job loss when unemployment is high or when the worker has a temporary contract that may not be renewed. Workplace safety legislation has intended to reduce the incidence and severity of workplace accidents but empirical evidence on this result is unclear. The second topic is employment and health where the focus is on how job characteristics and job loss affect health, in particular mental health. Physically demanding jobs have negative health effects. The effects of working hours vary and the effects of job loss on physical and mental health are not uniform. Job loss seems to increase mortality. The third topic concerns retirement and health. Retirement seems to have a negative effect on cognitive skills and short-term positive effects on overall health. Other than that, the effects are very inconsistent, that is, even with as clear a measure as mortality, it is not clear whether life expectancy goes up, goes down, or remains constant due to retirement.

Application of mobile health to support the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic literature review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Fehresti ◽  
Elham Monaghesh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Health Consultation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Positive Effects

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the elderly's physical and mental health. The application of information and communication technology, such as mobile health (m-health), can play a significant role in combating this pandemic by changing the behavior and lifestyle of the elderly during this time of crisis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to synthesize m-health capabilities in providing health services to the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the factors associated with the success of these tools. METHODS To find the relevant studies, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were: studies in English that used m-health intervention in all aspects of elderly healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak, published in peer-reviewed journals from 31 December 2019, and had any research design and methodology. Two authors independently took all the steps of this review, and finally performed narrative synthesis to report the findings. RESULTS Our initial search identified 421 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. The data analysis showed that all the m-health interventions had positive effects on the health of the elderly. The m-health services for the elderly during the current pandemic were used for therapy, information provision, self-help, monitoring, and mental health consultation purposes. The results also indicated that various factors affected the elderly's use of m-health tools. CONCLUSIONS The application of m-health keeps the elderly and healthcare providers safe, accelerates health service provision, reduces the costs of service delivery, and decreases the risk of morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak. The successful use of m-health tools for the elderly in health programs during the current crisis greatly depends on supporting the elderly and overcoming the barriers.

scholarly journals Improved Wellbeing for Both Caretakers and Users from A Zoo-Related Nature Based Intervention—A Study at Nordens Ark Zoo, Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sahlin ◽  
Björn Johansson ◽  
Per-Olof Karlsson ◽  
Jenny Loberg ◽  
Mats Niklasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Working Lives

Nature-based interventions have been proposed to promote physical and mental health and give stress reduction. Little attention has been given to the potential of zoos for human health and wellbeing. A disadvantaged group in Sweden regarding access to nature are individuals with disabilities who consequently do not have the same access to these health benefits as other groups. To increase awareness and knowledge regarding spending time in nature and with animals, courses directed at caretakers for persons with disabilities and their users were held at Nordens Ark, a zoo in Sweden. To explore if the courses had led to increased nature activities, and if participating in the courses had affected caretakers’ and their users’ health and wellbeing, questionnaires and interviews for evaluating the courses were used. The results showed improved quality in nature visits because of course participation as well as positive effects for the wellbeing, sustainability for the caregivers and users in their working lives, and relationships were positively affected. The conclusion from this study is that nature and animal-based education should be more frequent to provide opportunities for a disadvantaged group to have the positive effects of nature of which most other groups have obvious access to.

scholarly journals Digital Devices on Learning Management System and its Consequences on Physical and Mental Health among University Students in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Dirgha Raj Joshi ◽  
Umesh Neupane ◽  
Krishna Prasad Sharma ◽  
Basnet Raj Joshi ◽  
Pushpa Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Management System ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Background and Objectives: Digital tools and devices are being integrated in almost areas of human activities demanding the implementation of digital literacy in modern education, health, business, and other related activities. This study was one of few to investigate the competence of learning management system by use of digital resources, and their impact on physical and mental health in Nepalese university students. Material and methods: The cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the 300 MPhil scholars during the period of Jan. 2019 to Jul. 2019 through Google Form. The nature of information was in the form of qualitative and quantitative both because the tool contained open and closed questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, word cloud, bar chart, pi-chart and chi-square test were calculated at 95% confidence level. Results: Around two-third (61.7%) of the participants have had habits to use digital resources by sitting on chairs/tools. More than half (53.33%) reported that use of digital device has negative effect on physical health whereas only 12% reported towards positive effect and 8.33% were not care on the effect of using digital devices on physical health. In case of mental health, around half (46.0%) have positive effect on mental health even around one-fourth (24%) have found to be negative effect however 3.3% did not care about the effect of using digital devices. The technology users with the distance greater than 3 ft. have less problems as compared to others. An insignificant association is observed in the effect on physical and mental health with respect to gender, age, years of using mobile and laptop except as the case of distance of digital devices with effect on mental health. Conclusion: The use of digital resources has negative effect on physical health and positive effect on mental health. Use of such resources with the distance greater than 3 ft. is better for health however the limited use of digital tools, use as per need only, use by making schedule, mediation, to take suggestion by the doctors, use without monotonous, appropriate breaks and comfortable body posture are major are the major techniques for the safe use of digital resources.

scholarly journals Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea in Adolescent girls as a Result of Stress-Related Conditions in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a form of anovulation due to the suppression of HypothalamicPituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis, not related to identifiable organic cause. FHA is a state of hormonal imbalance related to stress, exercising too much or consuming too few calories. In the unprecedented Covid-I9 Pandemic, there is an upsurge of FHA in adolescent girls. Being confined to ‘stay at home’, the phobia of gaining weight due to restricted movement is often triggering eating disorders like Anorexia Nervosa(AN);indulging in indoor overexercise, stress associated with routine change, exposure and preoccupations with social media in the changed scenario are causing a disruption of HPO axis manifesting as FHA. But FHA has serious short-term and longterm effects on the physical and mental health of the adolescent individuals. The present article aims at reviewing the causes, effects, evaluation and management of FHA in the present scenario. Adolescent girls with FHA should be carefully diagnosed and properly managed to prevent both short-term and long-term deleterious effects with appropriate and timely intervention.

The time since castration influences the effects of short-term starvation on gonadotrophin secretion in male rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bergendahl ◽  
I Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gnrh Receptors ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Gnrh Release ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Starvation Effect

Abstract Short-term starvation suppresses the pituitary-testicular function in rats, evidently through inhibition of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. However, when gonadotrophin secretion is strongly enhanced, e.g. after castration, starvation does not suppress gonadotrophins. To test whether the time since castration affects the pituitary response to starvation, adult male rats were totally deprived of food for five days (only water allowed) immediately (acute castration) or two weeks after castration (chronic castration). The pituitary contents of GnRH receptors were decreased by starvation in sham-operated animals, unaffected in acutely castrated rats, but increased in chronically castrated animals, in comparison with appropriate controls (P<0·01). Castration per se increased steady-state mRNA levels of the common α-chain and the LH and FSH β-chains in all groups studied. The only consistent effect of starvation on these parameters was the 1·7 to 2-fold increase in the pituitary content of LH β-subunit mRNA in acutely and chronically castrated rats (P<0·01). Starvation alone suppressed LH secretion, acute castration eliminated this effect, but in chronically castrated rats, the starvation effect was stimulatory. Starvation did not affect FSH secretion in sham-operated and acutely castrated rats, but after chronic castration, the effect was stimulatory. In conclusion, the overall effect of starvation on gonadotrophins shifts gradually after castration from suppression, in sham-operated rats, to stimulation, in chronically castrated animals. Parallel changes in pituitary GnRH receptors suggest similar changes in GnRH secretion. Hence, starvation has both negative and positive effects on the GnRH-gonadotrophin-axis. The negative effect is evidently androgen-dependent and dominates in testes-intact animals. After chronic castration, only the positive, non-androgen dependent, stimulatory effect remains. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 209–219

Garbhasanskara : Boon for pregnant woman

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shanti Chauhan ◽  
Dr. Sheela Halli ◽  
Dr.Komal Pawar ◽  
Dr. Ishwari Patil ◽  
Dr. Rashmi Hadimani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Unborn Baby

Purpose: As the good nutritional food provides physical health, the unborn child in the womb require Sanskara to acquire mental health to thrive. The activity of mother during pregnancy in the form of prayer (good rational thoughts), Manshakti (positive emotion), conversation with fetus (talk) or expressing feeling (touch) is not only recognised by unborn baby but it has a positive effects on physical and mental health. Hence, Garbhasanskara is scientific way of moulding mental health of unborn child. Method: Ayurveda classics, textbook of obstetrics and internet publications were consulted and reviewed for carrying out the present work. Result: The sanskrit word 'Garbha' means fetus in the womb and Sanskara means educating the mind. So, Garbhasanskara essentially means educating the mind of the fetus. The fundamental principle underlying Garbhasanskara is that unborn baby is able to sense, feel, listen, dream, respond to outside stimulus. Even, Ancient Indian medicine has recognized the need for the mental, spiritual and physical preparation of mother-to-be for the momentous event of childbirth. Ayurveda describes this theory as "Supraja Janan" or eu-maternity. This "Supraja Janan" involves the preparation of couple planning pregnancy, 3 months prior to conception. It can be achieved by regular practice of Garbhasanskara which includes music therapy, Mantra therapy, proper Ahara and Vihara, Yoga and meditation. To develop the desired qualities in the baby every mother should follow the process of Garbhasanskara. Discussion: Garbhasanskara is a process of nurturing the baby in womb. It is also process of training the baby as well as mothers mind during pregnancy. It helps in positive state of mind throughout pregnancy, enhances chances of normal delivery, good health of mother during pre and post conception upto delivery and pregnancy occurs without any complication which is the need of current situation due to unhealthy lifestyle habits. So, a broad expanse of this is described in the present paper.

Work and Health in Mothers of Young Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Romito
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work ◽  
Work And Health

Although most mothers of young children work, we do not know much about the effect of this work on the mothers' health. The aim of this article is to review and discuss some of the findings on this subject, in order to understand whether paid and unpaid work are associated with mothers' health. Results from available studies show that, while employment tends to be associated with better physical and mental health in mothers, its effects are inconsistent when mothers of babies or young children are specifically examined. For physical health, employment is likely to have a negative effect for working-class mothers and a positive effect for middle-class ones. For mental health, the trend is unclear; mothers' psychological well-being is negatively affected, however, by the presence of one or more preschoolers, a lack of involvement by the husband, difficulties linked to child care, and the women's preferences concerning their professional status. Moreover, variables such as education, income, social class, housing, and marital status are likely to affect the health of mothers of young children, just as they affect the health of other women.

Civil detentions of older adults under successive Scottish mental health legislation: a comparative analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353
Author(s):  
Gary S. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Legislation

ABSTRACTBackground:Many countries have adopted new mental health legislation, with the detention of adults for treatment of mental disorders remaining an integral part of such policies. However, there are relatively few publications on the use of mental health legislation in the detention of older adults. This paper examines the civil detention of older adults in one Scottish region under successive mental health legislation.Method:This prospective study collected data primarily by clinician-based interviews on all emergency detentions under the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984 of older adults in 1994 and compared these with all emergency and initial short-term detentions under the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 of older adults during 2008 in the same Scottish region.Results:There were a total of 124 detentions, with an initial rate of 68 increasing to 141 detentions per 100,000 of the respective over-65 year age populations, a two-fold increase. Compared to the 1994 patient cohort, the 2008 cohort had higher rates of over 85-year-olds (18.4% v 5.4%) and organic mental disorders (74.7% v 56.8%) and were significantly more likely to be detained by consultant psychiatrists (73.6% v 18.9%) during working hours (87.4% v 48.6%) and proceed to six-month detention orders (31% v 10.8%).Conclusion:The observed higher rates and longer periods of detention in the 2008 cohort may reflect changes in clinical attitudes and legal requirements from a previous reliance on the common law doctrine of necessity to the requirements of a more legalistic framework, and may signal future clinical requirements, given the aging population, pointing towards the need for earlier recognition and management of clinical issues in an attempt to minimize the “necessity” of clinico-legal intervention.

scholarly journals A Discussion on Different Approaches for Prescribing Physical Interventions – Four Roads Lead to Rome, but Which One Should We Choose?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Alexander Törpel ◽  
Dennis Hamacher ◽  
Henning Budde ◽  
Thomas Gronwald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

It is well recognized that regular physical exercise has positive effects on physical and mental health. To use the beneficial health effects of physical exercise, there are worldwide movements encouraging health care providers to include physical exercise in their care and treatments strategies. However, a crucial point in administering the “exercise polypill” is the dosing and, in turn, the prescription of the physical intervention (PI). In this perspective article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to prescribe PI. In this context, we also highlight outstanding questions and potential areas of opportunity for further investigations.

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