Predictive ability of heel quantitative ultrasound for incident fractures: an individual-level meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1979-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. McCloskey ◽  
J. A. Kanis ◽  
A. Odén ◽  
N. C. Harvey ◽  
D. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Individual Level

Macro-level Criminological Perspectives and School Delinquency: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110223
Author(s):  
Natasha Pusch
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concentrated Disadvantage ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
School Differences ◽  
Academic Implications

School delinquency in public elementary, middle, and high schools has decreased in recent years, but is still a major issue that has negative mental health and academic implications for adolescents. Although research has focused on both individual-level and school-level explanations of school delinquency, it is not yet clear which macro-level criminological perspectives best explains it. Using 656 effect sizes nested within 75 studies and 30 unique datasets, this study addresses two questions using meta-analytic methods: Which macro-level criminological perspectives explain between-school differences in delinquency? Are effect sizes invariant across samples and research design? Results indicate that only concentrated disadvantage and social cohesion are significantly related to school delinquency. With the exception of concentrated disadvantage, effects are homogenous. This suggests that some school-level explanations are useful and future research should not exclude these factors. Practical implications suggest that improving social cohesion in schools may be more effective at preventing violence than target-hardening efforts.

scholarly journals Role of nurses to improve self-care in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Massimi ◽  
C De Vito ◽  
M L Rega ◽  
P Villari ◽  
G Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Abstract Introduction Heart Failure (HF) is a pandemic chronic disease with a prevalence up to 3% in the general population, representing the main cause of hospitalization for people over 65. Self-care plays a central role in the management of patients with HF, showing evidence of effectiveness in reducing re-hospitalization rates and mortality. Methods We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of nurse-led educational interventions Vs usual care in improving self-care skills of patients with chronic HF. The main biomedical databases were searched for Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) of nurse-led educational interventions performed on adults with a previous diagnosis of HF. Improvement of HF self-management skills (self-care level) was summarized by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified for the length of the follow-up. Results Globally, 14 RCTs were included involving 2078 participants. Ten studies showed the efficacy of the interventions at 3 months (short term) with a SMD of 0.78 (95% CI 0.38-1.18) in favor of the self-care education interventions. Five studies reported on self-care abilities at 6-9 months (medium term), not showing statistically significant results (SMD 0.35, 95%CI 0.11-0.81). The long-term effect of the educational interventions showed no statistically significant improvement in self-care behaviors (three studies, SMD 0.05, 95CI% 0.12 - 0.22). Conclusions These results show that nursing educational interventions improve self-care behaviors in HF, but mainly in the short term. Intensive educational interventions led by nurses, associated with appropriate continuity and transition of care, can determine the best outcomes for patients with HF, strengthening self-care behaviors over time. This approach could have a major impact not only on individual level, but on the general reduction of complications, hospitalization, medical costs and ultimately mortality. Key messages Nurse-led educational programs have a short-term efficacy in enhancing self-care behaviors among heart failure patients. Post-discharge repeated educational interventions, along with timely and shared plans ruling the transition between the hospital and the other providers, are strongly needed.

319 Predicting Urinary Nitrogen Excretion from Milk Urea Nitrogen of Fresh Forage or Total Mixed Ration Fed Dairy Cows: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
Matthew R Beck ◽  
Cameron Marshall ◽  
Konagh Garrett ◽  
Andrew P Foote ◽  
Ronaldo Vibart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

Abstract Urine nitrogen excretion (g/d; UN) represent a significant environmental impact for both confinement feeding and pastoral based dairy systems. It is difficult to measure UN directly due to animal handling and labor requirements, especially in forage based production systems. The currently available milk urea nitrogen (MUN) equations have been shown to overestimate UN excretion of grazing dairy cows compared with an equation using urinary creatinine and UN concentration, indicating that diet may alter the relationship between MUN and UN. This potential was explored using data retrieved (treatment means: n = 69 and 27 for fresh forage [FF] and total mixed ration [TMR] fed cattle, respectively) from the literature and new data obtained from dairy cows fed FF (n = 15) in metabolism crates was used to test the new equations. The TMR data from literature was further split into a training set (to develop the model; n = 53) and a test set (to validate the model; n = 16). There was an interaction for diet type (P < 0.01) where UN (g/d) = 0.023 × MUN (mg/dL) × live-weight (kg, LW) for TMR fed cattle, (similar to a pre-established equation); however, UN (g/d) = 0.015 × MUN × LW for FF fed cattle. For FF based equations, the New MUN equation and the creatinine equation showed good precision and accuracy (Lin’s CCC = 0.79 and 0.74, respectively) and adequate predictive ability (RMSEP = 29.8 and 35.9, respectively). The new MUN equation for TMR fed cattle showed excellent accuracy and precision (Lin’s CCC = 0.87) with good predictive ability (RMSEP = 24.3) for UN excretion (observed mean = 216.5 g/d). The new equations generated during this meta-analysis provide promising predictive ability of UN excretion, which can be used for management considerations, future research, and policy making.

Abstract P255: Association of Mild Chronic Kidney Disease with Venous Thromboembolism: Pooled Analysis of Prospective General Population Cohorts

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtawar K Mahmoodi ◽  
Ron T Gansevoort ◽  
Inger Anne Naess ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Sigrid K Braekkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Recent findings suggest that mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) might be associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, results were partially inconsistent, which may be due to lack of power. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between mild CKD and VTE incidence. Methods: A literature search was performed to retrieve community-based cohorts with information on the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with VTE. Five cohorts were identified that were pooled on individual level. To obtain pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for VTE, linear spline models were fitted using Cox regression with shared-frailty. Models were adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, total cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease and body-mass index. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to obtain adjusted pooled HRs of VTE with CKD versus no CKD. Results: The analysis included 95,154 participants with 1,178 VTE cases and 599,453 person-years of follow-up. Risk of VTE increased continuously with lower eGFR and higher ACR (Figure). Compared with eGFR 100 mL/min/1.73m², pooled adjusted HRs for VTE were 1.3 (1.0–1.7) for eGFR 60, 1.8 (1.3–2.6) for 45 and 1.9 (1.2–2.9) for 30 mL/min/1.73m². Compared with albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) 5 mg/g, pooled adjusted HRs for VTE were 1.3 (1.04–1.7) for ACR 30, 1.6 (1.1–2.4) for 300 and 1.9 (1.2–3.1) for 1000 mg/g. There was no evidence for interaction between eGFR and ACR (P=0.22). The pooled adjusted HR for CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m² or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g) vs. no CKD was 1.5 (95%CI, 1.2–2.1). Results were similar for idiopathic and provoked VTE. Conclusion: Both reduced eGFR and elevated albuminuria are novel independent predictors of VTE in the general population.

How Efficient Are Emotional Intelligence Trainings: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Hodzic ◽  
Jana Scharfen ◽  
Pilar Ripoll ◽  
Heinz Holling ◽  
Franck Zenasni
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Branch Model ◽  
Main Effect

This multilevel meta-analysis examines whether emotional intelligence (EI) can be enhanced through training and identifies training effects’ determinants. We identified 24 studies containing 28 samples aiming at increasing individual-level EI among healthy adults. The results revealed a significant moderate standardized mean change between pre- and post-measurement for the main effect of EI training, and a stable pre- to follow-up effect. Additionally, the type of EI model, dimensions of the four branch model, length, and type of publication turned out to be significant moderators. The results suggest that EI trainings should be considered effective interventions.

scholarly journals The Gender Outcomes International Group: to Further Well-being Development (Going-fwd) Methodology on Identification and Inclusion of Gender Factors in Retrospective Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Raparelli Raparelli ◽  
Colleen M. Norris ◽  
Uri Bender ◽  
Maria Trinidad Herrero ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background: Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences self-perception, individual’s actions and interactions, as well as the distribution of power and resources in society. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution.Methods: Investigators of the GOING-FWD project developed a standard methodology applicable for observational studies to retrospectively identify gender-related factors to assess their relationship to outcomes and applied this method to selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden.Results: The following multistep process was applied. Step 1 (Identification of Gender-related Variables): Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (i.e. gender identity, role, relations, and institutionalized gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal “wish-list” of gender-related variables/factors was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (Definition of Outcomes): each of the cohort data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient relevant outcomes, using the ICHOM framework. Step 3 (Building of Feasible Final List): A cross-validation between gender-related and outcome variables available per database and the “wish-list” was performed. Step 4 (Retrospective Data Harmonization): The harmonization potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (Definition of Data Structure and Analysis): Depending on the database data structure, the following analytic strategies were identified: (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of anonymized data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesizing the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data; and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data.Conclusion: The application of the GOING-FWD systematic multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyze gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.

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