scholarly journals Ecological Equivalence Assessment Methods: What Trade-Offs between Operationality, Scientific Basis and Comprehensiveness?

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Bezombes ◽  
Stéphanie Gaucherand ◽  
Christian Kerbiriou ◽  
Marie-Eve Reinert ◽  
Thomas Spiegelberger
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecological Equivalence

scholarly journals THE INSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF THE SUBJECTS OF LOGISTICS CHAINS OF COMMODITY MARKETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
B.V. BURKYNSKYI ◽  
O.V. NIKISHYNA
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Commodity Market ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Tiered System ◽  
New Research

Topicality. Determination of the nature, internal content, types and contradictions of economic interests of the subjects of the logistics chains of commodity markets is essential for their effective functioning in the system of the national economy. In the process of logistical interactions, market entities form a tiered system of links based on economic partnerships and trade-offs. This helps to balance the economic interests and to form a common interest in the integrated chain. The economic interests of market chains` subjects will have been emerging, interacting and realizing in the institutional system of the market, which necessitates new research into the institutional nature of interests. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the institutional nature of the economic interests of the subjects of the logistics chains of commodity markets and the typology of the main contradictions between them, as a scientific basis for development the mechanisms for balancing interests of market chains` subjects. During the research the following methods were used:dialectical, theoretical generalization and comparison, graphical, structural-logical method. Research results. In the context of institutional theory, the essence and nature of economic interests of the subjects of logistics chains of commodity markets were substantiated by the authors. The main stages of the formation of economic l interests with the emphasis on their institutionalization, namely transformation into the norm of rational behavior in the commodity market were determined. The substantive characteristics of the economic interests of the entities in the logistics chains, which reveal their institutional nature, were generalized. It is emphasized that in Ukraine there is a partial realization of the economic interests of the state, consumers, small and medium-sized entities, while corporate structures and international associations generally receive full realization of interests in commodity market chains. The classification of economic interests of subjects of market logistics chains by subject and institutional characteristics has been further developed. The authors have developed a typology of contradictions of economic interests in internal and external dimension and substantiated the essence of the main types of contradictions. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of the theoretical foundations of market logistics in the part of substantiation of the institutional nature of economic interests of subjects of logistics chains of commodity markets, the development of classification of economic interests, the development of typology of the main internal and external contradictions of participants of logistics chains. The applied value of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of their use by different institutions as a scientific basis for the development of methodological bases for assessing the level of contradictions of interests of market chains` subjects, as well as new mechanisms for balancing economic interests, in particular institutional ones.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Characteristics and Trade-Offs’ Development of Social–Ecological Production Landscapes in the Loess Plateau Region from a Resilience Point of View: A Case Study in Mizhi County, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Hai Chen ◽  
Tianwei Geng ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Qinqin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social

Social-ecological production landscape resilience (SELPR) is a significant representation of the continuous supply capacity of landscape services. It is a quantitative assessment of the spatial-temporal evolution of SELPR under internal and external disturbances that provides a scientific basis for regional ecological environments and socio–economic development. Taking Mizhi County for the study of the Loess Plateau region, a three-dimensional (social system, ecosystem, and production system) SELPR evaluation framework was constructed. Data integration was performed using the watershed as the evaluation unit. This study quantitatively evaluated the spatial–temporal differentiation of the social–ecological production landscape (SELPs) subsystem’s resilience and the total SELPR in the study area and classified the areas from the three-system resilience combination level to achieve regional development trade-offs. The results were as follows: (1) In 2009–2018, the change in the social–ecological production landscapes pattern in Mizhi County showed a significant reduction in agricultural production landscapes, relatively stable social living landscapes, and an increase in ecological landscapes; (2) in 2009–2018, the SELPR increased by 12.38%. The spatial distribution of resilience was significantly different, showing a distribution pattern of high central and low surrounding areas; (3) the county’s watershed development zones were divided into five partitions: synergistic promotion areas, ecological restoration areas, social development areas, production optimization areas, and comprehensive remediation areas. The five types of zones have a certain agglomeration effect. In addition, the main obstacle factors affecting the SELPR of each zone are quite different. The key issues and development directions of different types of watersheds are also proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals A participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented approach to assess the multi-criteria contribution of an agrifood value chain to sustainable development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vayssières ◽  
Alexandre Thévenot ◽  
Ivonne Acosta ◽  
Mathieu Vigne ◽  
Emmanuel Tillard
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Agrifood Value chains (AVCs) can be powerful driving forces for sustainable development. Multi-criteria analysis is particularly useful for supporting decision making on improvement measures in AVCs. Methodological guidelines are still needed to effectively integrate environmental and socio-economical assessment tools and indicators at this level.In this paper, we propose a participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented framework. The framework is applied to analyse the contribution of the main local poultry AVC in Reunion Island to the sustainable development of the territory. The main stakeholders of the AVC participated in (i) identifying key territory challenges, (ii) selecting corresponding appropriate assessment methods and indicators, (iii) defining the perimeter of the AVC and (iv) the improvement scenarios to be explored, v) providing data inventory, and vi) interpreting the results of the assessment.Both the environmental life cycle assessment and the effect method fit the proposed framework particularly well. They were applied to the same AVC data inventory, improvement scenarios were explored and indicators were spatialized to distinguish the local impacts in the root territory and externalized impacts at the global scale.In the ecological dimension of our case study, most of the effects linked to the AVC activities which threaten resources conservation and ecosystem health are externalized. This is due to strong dependency on foreign resources: in the case of fossil energy and raw materials used for livestock feed, 82% of environmental impacts occur outside Reunion Island. In the socio-economic dimension, the employment created by the AVC is mainly local due to the use of local services, 89% of jobs are provided in Reunion Island. Improvement of on-farm eco-efficiency was shown to be a mitigation option that would significantly affect the impacts of the AVC. Human and ecosystem health, and resources conservation would be improved by respectively +2.2, +9.8 and +4.8,% at global scale. But the AVC industrial network and the community would also be negatively affected, by respectively -2.2 and -3.0%, at local scale. This study underlines trade-offs between the environmental and the socio-economic dimensions and methodological challenges associated with the effective integration of assessment methods originating from diverse disciplines.

Trusted Control Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
I. A. Kalyaev ◽  
E. V. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
National Development ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Software Platforms ◽  
Microelectronic Components ◽  
Truth Degree

Nowadays, the problem of ensuring security of systems with a critical mission has become particularly relevant. An increased opportunity for unauthorized exposure on such systems via hardware, software and communication networks is the main reason to discuss this problem. It is confirmed by a plenty of accidents when equipment is out of order by means of malicious embedded elements and viruses. Currently, in the Russian Federation the majority of control systems are based on foreign hardware and software platforms, including strategic enterprises and objects with a critical mission. Herewith, the proportion of foreign microelectronic components in such systems is more than 85 %. The article is devoted to the development of scientific basis and techniques of the assurance assessment to control systems of objects with a critical mission. It was shown, that assurance assessment to a control system is a broader index than its reliability and fault tolerance. Such index must integrate various evidences and approvals, which can be objective, based on physical and mathematical assurance assessment methods, as well as they can be subjective, based on the experts experience. A method of assurance assessment to a control system of objects with a critical mission, based on Shortliffe’s scheme, was proposed in this paper. The Shortliffe’s scheme is used in the theories of fuzzy logic for assurance assessment to a hypothesis on the basis of various evidences and statements. An important advantage of a Shortliffe’s scheme is the set of evidences, which can be broadened and augmented (for instance, on the basis of obtained experience). It allows us to clarify a certainty factor. The assessment methods of truth degree of terminal statements of various types, including those, which require the combination of objective and subjective methods of their truth degree assessment, are proposed. The proposed assurance assessment method for national development and creation standards of control systems of objects with a critical mission allows to significantly increase their functional security.

scholarly journals Integrative, regional assessment of bottom trawling impact on benthic habitats in the east Atlantic.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Van Hoey ◽  
Ole Ritzau Eigaard ◽  
Tobias Van Kooten ◽  
Sebastian Valenko ◽  
Adriaan Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
The Impact

Based on a European union request, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has explored and advised on indicators of pressure and impact of bottom trawling on the seabed, and of trade-offs in the catch and value of landings. Such assessment frameworks combine pressure (trawling intensity) with benthic habitats and their sensitivity to estimate the impacts on regional scale. The main differences between the indicators lay in their underlying scientific basis for determining sensitivity. Two approaches, the longevity and the population dynamic approach, are based on a statistical prediction of the longevity distribution of the benthic community, which is a practically very attractive way to capture sensitivity to trawling. The BH3 approach uses a categorical scoring approach for sensitivity. The BH2 relies on empirical observations to estimate changes in Margaleff diversity. In general, the use of continuous environmental variables, rather than the EUNIS habitat classes seemed promising for assessing impacts as they result in larger gradients in the sensitivity layer. Major steps forward in assessing the impact of bottom trawling were made, but improved parameterization and further ground-truthing is required, which will be further taken up in the ICES working group WGFBIT.

scholarly journals Integrative, regional assessment of bottom trawling impact on benthic habitats in the east Atlantic.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Van Hoey ◽  
Ole Ritzau Eigaard ◽  
Tobias Van Kooten ◽  
Sebastian Valenko ◽  
Adriaan Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
The Impact

Based on a European union request, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has explored and advised on indicators of pressure and impact of bottom trawling on the seabed, and of trade-offs in the catch and value of landings. Such assessment frameworks combine pressure (trawling intensity) with benthic habitats and their sensitivity to estimate the impacts on regional scale. The main differences between the indicators lay in their underlying scientific basis for determining sensitivity. Two approaches, the longevity and the population dynamic approach, are based on a statistical prediction of the longevity distribution of the benthic community, which is a practically very attractive way to capture sensitivity to trawling. The BH3 approach uses a categorical scoring approach for sensitivity. The BH2 relies on empirical observations to estimate changes in Margaleff diversity. In general, the use of continuous environmental variables, rather than the EUNIS habitat classes seemed promising for assessing impacts as they result in larger gradients in the sensitivity layer. Major steps forward in assessing the impact of bottom trawling were made, but improved parameterization and further ground-truthing is required, which will be further taken up in the ICES working group WGFBIT.

Evolutionary Public Health: How Interventions may Benefit from Insights Generated by Life History Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Health And Disease

Public health efforts were evident in the ancient world, but first acquired a scientific basis in the nineteenth century. The potential for evolutionary theory to improve public health interventions has only been recognized very recently. Evolutionary life history theory provides a unique theoretical framework, through its focus on competing functions subject to trade-offs over the allocation of energy. Originally these functions were considered to be “maintenance,” “growth,” and “reproduction,” however “defense” may be considered a fourth competing function as it reduces energy allocation to each of the three others. Recent research in humans provides experimental support for life history trade-offs in adults, with hormonal signaling implicated as a key regulatory mechanism. Observational studies have additionally identified diverse trade-offs during development, helping provide an evolutionary basis to the developmental origins of adult health and disease. Natural selection favors adaptive responses to environmental stimuli and stresses that maximize reproductive fitness rather than health.

DEVELOPING INDICATORS AND METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF THE PEOPLE’S LIVING STANDARDS IN BINH DINH PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Ton Nguyen Duc
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Feasible Solutions

On the basis of an overview of domestic and foreign document sources, this study develops the indicators and clarifies the content of implementing assessment methods of people's living standards (PLS) in Binh Dinh Province. The results show that, among the groups of indicators: economy, education - training, medical and health care and the expanded indicators (electricity use, water for domestic use and housing), the group of economic indicators, income, in particular, plays an important and decisive role, but it is not the unique indicator in ensuring a comprehensive and sustainable living standards. From these evaluation indicators, the author has identified the necessary methods for data collection and data analysis to meet the theoretical and practical urgency in the local PLS. The development of these indicators and assessment methods is deemed an important scientific basis for applying research on the current situation as well as proposing feasible solutions to improve PLS in Binh Dinh Province according to specific timelines.

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document