scholarly journals Impact of oral lipid and glucose tolerance tests on the postprandial concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptl) 3 and 4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schmid ◽  
Hannah Belikan ◽  
Alexandra Höpfinger ◽  
Andreas Schäffler ◽  
Thomas Karrasch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract Background The postprandial regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) and their expression in adipocytes is poorly characterized. Objective Circulating Angptl3 and 4 were analyzed in healthy individuals undergoing either an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 98) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 99). Venous blood was drawn after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during OLTT and after 0, 1, and 2 h during OGTT. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed and concentrations of Angptls were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in murine adipose tissues and cellular fractions was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Angptl3 concentrations significantly decreased while Angptl4 levels continuously increased during OLTT. Both proteins remained unaffected during OGTT. Angptl3 and Angptl4 were expressed in murine subcutaneous and visceral AT with higher mRNA levels in mature adipocytes when compared to the stroma-vascular cell fraction. Both proteins were strongly induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and they were unresponsive to glucose in mature fat cells. Adipocyte Angptl3 (but not Angptl4) mRNA expression was inhibited by the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas nine types of dietary fatty acids remained without any effect. Conclusions There is evidence of short-time regulation of Angptl3/4 levels upon metabolic stress. Angptl4 expression is high and Angptl3 expression is low in AT and restricted mainly to mature adipocytes without any differences concerning fat compartments. Whereas dietary fatty acids and glucose are without any effect, omega-3/-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited Anptl3 expression in adipocytes.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mediated Regulation of Membrane Biochemistry and Tumor Cell Membrane Integrity

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Souvik Mukerjee ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Saeedan ◽  
Mohd. Nazam Ansari ◽  
Manjari Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Body System ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Tumor Cell Membrane

Particular dramatic macromolecule proteins are responsible for various cellular events in our body system. Lipids have recently recognized a lot more attention of scientists for understanding the relationship between lipid and cellular function and human health However, a biological membrane is formed with a lipid bilayer, which is called a P–L–P design. Our body system is balanced through various communicative signaling pathways derived from biological membrane proteins and lipids. In the case of any fatal disease such as cancer, the biological membrane compositions are altered. To repair the biological membrane composition and prevent cancer, dietary fatty acids, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are essential in human health but are not directly synthesized in our body system. In this review, we will discuss the alteration of the biological membrane composition in breast cancer. We will highlight the role of dietary fatty acids in altering cellular composition in the P–L–P bilayer. We will also address the importance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to regulate the membrane fluidity of cancer cells.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Modified Glucose Tolerance Test among Pregnant Malaysian Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Muna Kh. Al-kubaisi ◽  
Saad M. Al-Shibli ◽  
Nilar Win
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Protocol

Aim: Is to find the mean and two standard deviation of the serum blood sugar among pregnant women while running the modified oral glucose tolerance test (MOGTT) as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) & to compare the readings with other protocols adopted in diagnosing GDM. Method: A cross sectional study among pregnant women running routine MOGTT at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. A total of 149 women participated in 4 months period. The test included 5 ml of venous blood sample taken after fasting for 8 hours and a second blood sample 2 hours after having 200 ml of 75 g glucose solution within 10 minutes. Results: The mean for the fasting blood sugar is 4.32 mmol/L±0.52 making value of 2SD of 5.36 mmol/l. The mean of the 2 hours glucose level was 6.11mmol/l±1.38 making the 2SD value of 8.87 mmol/l. Conclusion: Our results for the 1st reading in MOGTT is near to the value of the local protocol in diagnosing GDM. The 2 hours postprandial reading in the local protocol is fairly low when compared with our findings & with guidelines of nearby communities.

scholarly journals Fish Oil-Derived Furan Fatty Acid: A New Player in the Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1243
Author(s):  
Pascal Rowart ◽  
Sonia Salvatore ◽  
Fei Chang ◽  
Nicholas Khoo ◽  
Francisco Schopfer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Objectives Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are multifactorial diseases that affect more than 35% of the world's population. Fish oil (FO) is an important dietary component that provides essential omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3) effective for hypertriglyceridemia with eicosapentaenoic acid shown to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome-related events. However, the mechanisms involved in these beneficial activities are still unclear. A metabolomic study of healthy volunteers receiving Lovaza, an omega-3-drug, showed a large increase in plasma and urinary metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF). Moreover, in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, CMPF was protective and reversed steatosis. We identified furan fatty acids (FuFA) present both in FO and Lovaza (0.1–1%) as the sources of CMPF and hypothesised that they were responsible for these beneficial effects. Methods We synthesized one FuFA and confirmed its structure by NMR and mass spectrometry and tested whether it had protective effects in this DIO model (23 weeks, 60 kcal% fat). After 16 weeks of the diet, FuFA (25mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage for the last 7 weeks. A glucose tolerance test was performed at week 4th. Tissues and blood were collected at week 7th after 5h fasting. Mass spectrometry, ELISA, and multiplex analysis were performed on plasma. Liver staining (H&E) was also performed to quantify steatosis and ballooning. Results The glucose tolerance test showed improved glucose clearance in FuFA-treated mice compared to vehicle. The fasting level of insulin and c-peptide 2 were respectively 2.9- and 1.5-fold lower in FuFA- compared to the vehicle-treated mice. Additionally, circulating TNF-α was significantly lower (1.6-fold) in FuFA-treated mice. NAFLD activity scores - hepatocytes ballooning and steatosis - were also significantly decreased in FuFA-treated mice by 1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively. Finally, an MS-based analysis of plasma showed a significant decrease in cholesterol (1.2-fold) and cholesterol-ester (1.4-fold) levels in FuFA-treated mice. Conclusions In conclusion, the beneficial effects observed in Ω-3 and FO treatment on DIO and NAFLD may be related to the presence of FuFA in these dietary preparations. Funding Sources NIH.

scholarly journals Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhu Wu ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract Context The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. Evidence acquisition The review is based on the authors’ knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. Evidence synthesis We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. Conclusions While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA–rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.

Metabolomic analysis of a human oral glucose tolerance test reveals fatty acids as reliable indicators of regulated metabolism

Metabolomics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spégel ◽  
Anders P. H. Danielsson ◽  
Karl Bacos ◽  
Cecilia L. F. Nagorny ◽  
Thomas Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Cell-derived Cytokines Are Early Markers of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Severe Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria D'Esposito ◽  
Maria Rosaria Ambrosio ◽  
Domenico Liguoro ◽  
Giuseppe Perruolo ◽  
Manuela Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels

Abstract Background Excessive adiposity provides an inflammatory environment. However, in people with severe obesity, how systemic and local adipose tissue (AT)-derived cytokines contribute to worsening glucose tolerance is not clear. Methods 92 severely obese (SO) individuals undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled and subjected to detailed clinical phenotyping. Following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, participants were included in three groups, based on the presence of normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Serum and subcutaneous AT (SAT) biopsies were obtained and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) were isolated, characterized and differentiated in adipocytes in vitro. TNFA and PPARG mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR. Circulating, adipocyte- and MSC-released cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were assessed by multiplex ELISA. Results Serum levels of IL-9, IL-13 and MIP-1β were increased in SO individuals with T2D, as compared with those with either IGT or NGT. At variance, SAT samples obtained from SO individuals with IGT displayed levels of TNFA which were 3-fold higher compared to those with NGT, but not different from those with T2D. Elevated levels of TNFα were also found in differentiated adipocytes, isolated from the SAT specimens of individuals with IGT and T2D, compared to those with NGT. Consistent with the pro-inflammatory milieu, IL-1β and IP-10 secretion was significantly higher in adipocytes from individuals with IGT and T2D. Moreover, increased levels of TNFα, both mRNA and secreted protein, were detected in MSCs obtained from IGT and T2D, compared to NGT SO individuals. Exposure of T2D and IGT–derived MSCs to quercetin reduced TNFα levels and was paralleled by a significant decrease of the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion In severe obesity, enhanced SAT-derived inflammatory phenotype is an early step in the progression toward T2D and may be, at least in part, attenuated by quercetin.

scholarly journals Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice D Cani ◽  
Catherine A Daubioul ◽  
Brigitte Reusens ◽  
Claude Remacle ◽  
Grégory Catillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We have evaluated the influence of oligofructose (OFS), a fermentable dietary fibre, on glucose homeostasis, insulin production and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats received either i.v. streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) or vehicle (CT); one week later, they were fed for 6 weeks with either the standard diet (STZ-CT), or with a diet containing 10% oligofructose (STZ-OFS); both diets were available ad libitum. In a second set of experiments (duration 4 weeks), a supplemental group of food-restricted rats (STZ-Res) receiving a similar intake as CT rats, was added. OFS improved glucose tolerance and reduced food intake as compared with STZ-CT rats in both the post-prandial state and after an oral glucose tolerance test. After 6 weeks, portal and pancreatic insulin concentrations were doubled in STZ-OFS rats. Food restriction improved these parameters when compared with STZ-CT rats, but to a lesser extent than in the STZ-OFS group. We have shown that OFS treatment increased portal and colonic GLP-1(7–36) amide levels and doubled colonic proglucagon and prohormone convertase 1 mRNA levels; both OFS and food restriction lowered ileal GLP-1(7–36) amide levels as compared with levels in STZ-CT rats. We propose that OFS, through its fermentation in the colon, promotes the expression and secretion of colonic peptides, namely GLP-1(7–36) amide, with beneficial consequences on glycaemia, insulin secretion and hyperphagia in diabetic rats.

Changes of the plasma metabolome during an oral glucose tolerance test: is there more than glucose to look at?

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. E384-E393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Zhao ◽  
Andreas Peter ◽  
Jens Fritsche ◽  
Michaela Elcnerova ◽  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

The oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) is a common tool to provoke a metabolic challenge for scientific purposes, as well as for diagnostic reasons, to monitor the kinetics of glucose and insulin. Here, we aimed to follow the variety of physiological changes of the whole metabolic pattern in plasma during an oGTT in healthy subjects in a nontargeted reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometric metabolomics approach. We detected 11,500 metabolite ion masses/individual. Applying multivariate data analysis, four major groups of metabolites have been detected as the most discriminating oGTT biomarkers: free fatty acids (FFA), acylcarnitines, bile acids, and lysophosphatidylcholines. We found in detail 1) a strong decrease of all saturated and monounsaturated FFA studied during the oGTT; 2) a significant faster decline of palmitoleate (C16:1) and oleate (C18:1) FFA levels than their saturated counterparts; 3) a strong relative increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid pattern at 120 min; and 4) a clear decrease in plasma C10:0, C12:0, and C14:1 acylcarnitine levels. These data reflect the switch from β-oxidation to glycolysis and fat storage during the oGTT. Moreover, the bile acids glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid were highly discriminative, showing a biphasic kinetic with a maximum of a 4.5- to 6-fold increase at 30 min after glucose ingestion, a significant decrease over the next 60 min followed by an increase until the end of the oGTT. Lysophosphatidylcholines were also increased significantly. The findings of our metabolomics study reveal detailed insights in the complex physiological regulation of the metabolism during an oGTT offering novel perspectives of this widely used procedure.

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